r 



















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































* V 
* 


a 

0 # V * 4 A 






O'* vr ^ \ W 

‘ A O **, c s X' 

^ t o N C 4 * QV * ' 1 * * 

L C"V -9 Y«*V ^ Ofcifi f / /*~? 



r> _ X 


y o * * * A N ' Z \ O A°^ 

V C 0 ® ♦ 

~ V «* os£X«. 'J l ) 


0 . * 
V 



* ^ 

*, *&• # £ 
o c .5 ^ ^ w % 

. . __. A o.v' ^ 

. •?/• "' -' 4 ° „>.,, C, '°-^ A A „ 

°- o° ^CW-' ^ j* • c „~ 

_ ■„»■ ^ o \0O. 

' 7 S£ \ ' , ® \ «<• 

^»- ^ y tJJS*'. .’ >' 

* \V ’%.'*» N o ’“ ^ c d *■ * 

, -c> \> O'"'* > . 0 * ^"°\ t c- 

<?' *Y> * * K >t < <v rs /h. _ ^ - 

o iP r av . i Pfe® ^ ^ A // r i ° v 1 

</> <^X < 


<* c ?v 


X * A O *, s .G V <*• 

./ ** c o^ 




» «*•%. * _„, „„ , ir ,„. „. 

* A> ?2f> ,. H/^gsAN * •V .>> * 

V' ' * <s » * c*v ✓ 'w*' ^ ^ 

1 ° ’ k ^ <. ° * '• * J * *'' ^ 





; ++ $ : ■ ,, 

= !. 0 <u - 
> £ 


it _o 


<ru ^ > , 

/' « 1 ' \ V C * $ f- ^-V 

^ x * 0 ' V v s ' '❖ ^ 

i» /hi o </V. ^Vv o ,^ili^ - ^ C- 

Y <Z£4 _ c. ^ „ Y//AJ^A\\V * a y </> 

< y 0 ^ ^ A X o N C *%, '' 1 ** s ^ 
c p v 'v« l, . a ^ ^ ( # - c ~ ®- 



0“ 


,y O 0 ^ 


& ^ | 




.9^ fc0 ^ ~*b v x \' s ' 

^0 T* 5? ^ ^ 

^ ^' , > To «* <*. ,\, * 


VO 


v ^ 

o o' 




«5 ^ * 

^ <y J o >0 -o ^ « i a 

, s 3 N 0 . 9 ^ ^ ^ * 0 A ^v 

^ A o r ^ ^ ^ 

M 2 % * ^ Cl' o(\ V >%> />) ° <?' .\Y» 

wr » aV <f> Z- 

^ ^ '/p. » 

- - -i y ' q QILyjP' x~ ' * 

0 ^ ^ A A 0 n c % *<c * S S A 0 . , , <1 

A c 0 C -f O . 0 ‘ . « L 8 ♦ <S^ 



•4' ^ 

t ^ 

4 ° °x. - 

•' /\.., %;“. ’” / V^ 

■ s '- > o' » ’ * 0 /• ‘c- 



4 X * I c S ^0 

V c 0 N c /> y * 1:1 ^ 

• ^ * v Y ^ <j> rP v ^ 



\° °^. - 


c£ 

,...V‘*.'*\^ !•♦, 'e-.*!>K 0 ’ A U ' , .„ '°./ 

• C ^, v ^ , 0 ’ «.’ *°f c- 

> V A * X£IV. .i. *• s 51 *- + 




■^.^ v - 



.a' c^. ^ 

\ ^ 0 .* ct- y ^ 

d>. * 

S * * A 


% ^ 


0 « V 


V* 0 

* v 5 <f> j 

'■>.’?- » 

«• * s s <^G < y 

0 ^ v flV « <* 

00 ' • fSmZ&tkfi V • 

» ■» 


* <\^ ^ 



^ *7* 







• • -.V •■•’'/.-••. V.’->* v •—• y 

^ /' f <? 



’^\c*v«°<' 7 *'V°!.‘ 




c o *■; 

Jf » ' - ° , % 

* .v^' v ;^ 3 P; 

-4 - 'j>, » 


0 4 K 


O -V 


•5 






J ’ c • “ c »]%. ' ' * ' ' </’,* ' 1 ,* * 

^ * -<A^Tv . * . o 0 .V ^jr>^-. ^ 


t> V 3 -A 


x O V 

„ N r ' 1 * * S S A° 


0 V V 




* \ , . 

* * *, ■% y « 

. <r^ vwv ^ %g 

' .6* <• J 0. K* A 

* ^ a\ <s 

&*: *•*• > : 

= X 00 -,. 




^ C, 


,V C 0 N c * 



To >* & % * 

Sf * * * 0 , 



Sf * * • °, 'C- ’ " 1 " / '' ” * >■*'%• * 5 K ° ’ 

c 1 f s s \ 'p. . a ^ a"» 

*’ .' ^.'A = ^ ^ ■ * 

* "vm?; y% \^W : y% : 

< vA'V *0 

“ o°V^a* y yy c *s 

*b o^ * ^ V 






' % . MrW - v 

A ^/^-'"^\J 


V V V ^ A\N^ V ' ^ 

<v N CL' C<V ^ ^ 

♦m* \^ s ** r *oh°’$? (# ^ *«m* \ 

■ ^ v' s' f * > jy ^ x o ^ 

r *'r y * 'K<- c* <P’ ^ 

f/ - - A - ^ aB ^ 5 - ^ v ° ^ jfy - 

-V % s 

. v, ^ . * «y ^ 

^ f) - L ^ .A 




°° %■ y 

y% ^W&: <?% 

^/> ' * * « S S , g c v v ^ 

°o C , 0 ^ * c — *' 


c? 'K, O 
^ V/ ^ 

\0^ <," y 0,x' k A 

■f iw% ^ '°o 

< s* ** ^ V^ X c' •• .,-.. ^ ^ A 

^ • x°- y0$: a -u * 

V 4 • - • V.... ;v * • ■ -'>".. - v *» 

* *p* . s 

* rl\w« A ° ■<',. tV,- ♦ « •>*. 



vv 

cT> \v O 


° *V 

© <f> *& 

*• z 

.V* ^ « 

< 1 ^ ^ 

-V ' •% r \- * 

•/ * * S s ^0 ,, < ^ 7 




- • 

Z > 7 

v> A < 



v / ^ 

».n tV / %./ ♦ a N o " S 

% v\s\;./^ ^ g' y" 

• •* *- % / : 


0 • ^\\ A „ k r A 0 ' t . . -C 

v '^, c 0 N c *, ^ -O' x* ll * 1 ' 

* >v a ' 5 ^ ^ *- * 

+*■ V • »C^®l' 0 N . 

x .oA va. ^ 

* . y ^ ' 



Z V ^ 



0 *^/> ♦•!'*' \^ s » « f 
0 f O. V ^ 




%./ * a M 0 ’ $ 

■ %y. 


lV </» 



^ '• s*a»s * a' ■%> ”, vjm' * y *s> 

* ♦ 



”■00' 


A ' 1 * * ' ° ' 1 ,^ ' - 0 N c 

- + <y * 

* A> K 

o RC^S OSv^ - ^ K ; 

/ o \ 0 °Xv * 

v .^ y \b ^ 



N 0 ^. 


% / -*^&*'= % y 

y *■ 


AV’ P 


c 


\ 


<j> * 

o ^. 

, 0 N C . ^ ' 

\* “ o 

^rsr y 





.V (/>. 


y y 


•> 0 , » * A 

A> 



•P* 

_ 

O *t z . s ' (\ 

N C . ^ ^ 

















UiLoo. lSk^(' Q \gJZlJvJI 

l*dctU&uTV if l \jUJ%o£lf, 

y A C 1 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF OHIO 

J. A. BOWNOCKER, State Geologist 


FOURTH SERIES, BULLETIN 25 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 

By HELEN MORNINGSTAR, Ph. D., 

INSTRUCTOR IN GEOLOGY, 

THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY 





COLUMBUS 

1922 




Published by authority of the Legislature of Ohio, under 
the supervision of the State Geologist 


LIBRARY OF CON‘* -ss 

rceceivEB 

OCT 301922 

DO r i IMEhT 



Printed by The Kelly-Springfield Printing Company 
Springfield, Ohio 





INTRODUCTION 


This bulletin deals with the fauna of the Pottsville formation 
which, as developed in Ohio, includes thirteen fossiliferous horizons: 
six marine limestones, four iron ores which contain marine faunas, and 
three shale horizons associated with coal beds which contain fresh or 
brackish water fossils. The field of study is practically new, as up to 
the present time very little work has been done on the Pottsville fossils 
of this State, with the exception of a few papers which treat of the 
Lower Mercer fauna of Flint Ridge and vicinity. Collections were 
made from ninety-three localities, and at many of these places fossils 
from two or more members were obtained. Exclusive of plant and fish 
remains, two hundred species were identified, among which are a con¬ 
siderable number of new forms and fossils of particular interest. 

The collections were made chiefly during the summers of 1918 and 
1919, and the manuscript was prepared for the most part during the 
summer of 1920 and the following university year. In most instances 
large quantities of fossiliferous rock were collected, from which the 
fossils were later obtained and prepared for study in the laboratory. 
The fossils used in this investigation are the property of the Geological 
Survey of Ohio, and all types, figured specimens, and forms of unusual 
interest have been placed in the Geological Museum of The Ohio State 
University. The portion of this bulletin which deals with the strati¬ 
graphy and fauna of the Pottsville formation below the Lower Mercer 
limestone was submitted in June, 1921, to the faculty of Bryn Mawr 
College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of 
Doctor of Philosophy. 


( 3 ) 


ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

The writer wishes to express her indebtedness to Dr. J. A. Bow- 
nocker, State Geologist of Ohio, for a position on the Geological Survey 
of Ohio while the necessary field work was being carried on, and for 
the many helpful suggestions which he has given concerning the work; 
also to Mr. Wilber Stout, of the Geological Survey of Ohio, not only 
for his aid in collecting fossils and for the suggestion of localities where 
collections could be obtained, but also for his help with the stratigraphy 
of the Pottsville formation and for the kindly interest which he has 
taken in every phase of the work. It is likewise a great pleasure to 
the writer to acknowledge her obligation to Dr. George H. Girty of 
the United States Geological Survey, for the valuable assistance which 
he has given in the verification of new species and of obscure or doubt¬ 
ful forms. Lastly, thanks are due to Mr. Raymond E. Lamborn, 
Dr. Guy W. Conrey, and Mr. Clarence F. Moses for the collections 
of fossils made by them, as given in the register of localities, to Miss 
Charlotte Morningstar for her assistance in collecting fossils, to 
Professor J. E. Hyde of Western Reserve University, for the use of his 
collections of Pottsville fossils, and to Professor G. F. Lamb of Mount 
Union College, for the suggestion of localities in Stark and Mahoning 
counties where collections could be made. 


( 4 ) 


TABLE OF CONTENTS 


PART I 

Page 

Stratigraphy of the fossiliferous members of the Pottsville formation_ 8 

Pennsylvanian system, general_ 8 

Pottsville formation, general_ 8 

Composite section of the Pottsville formation in Ohio_ 12 

Harrison ore— 

Stratigraphy and extent_ 14 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities_ 15 

Sharon ore— 

Stratigraphy and extent_ 17 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities_ 17 

Summary_ 20 

Anthony coal member— 

Stratigraphy and extent_ 21 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities_ 21 

Summary_ 22 

Quakertown or No. 2 coal member— 

Stratigraphy and extent_ 23 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities_ 24 

Summary_ 25 

Bear Run coal member— 

Stratigraphy and extent_ 25 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities_ 26 

Lowellville (Poverty Run) member— 

Stratigraphy and extent_ 28 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities_ 29 

Summary_ 35 

Boggs member— 

Stratigraphy and extent_ 36 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities_ 37 

Summary_ 44 

Lower Mercer limestone— 

Historical review_ 46 

Stratigraphy and extent_ 46 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities_ 49 

Summary_ 86 

Lower Mercer ore— 

Stratigraphy and extent_ 89 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities_ 90 

Sand Block ore— 

Stratigraphy and extent_ 90 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities_ 91 

Upper Mercer member— 

Historical review___ 92 

Stratigraphy and extent_ 92 

Conditions of deposition_ 95 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities- 96 

Summary_ 114 


( 5 ) 






































6 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


McArthur limestone— 

Stratigraphy and extent- 

Conditions of deposition-- - - - 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities 

Summary_ 

Black Flint member— 

Stratigraphy and extent- 

Conditions of deposition- 

Description of geologic sections and collecting localities. 

Summary_ 

Table showing range of Pottsville fossils in Ohio- 

Register of collecting localities-*- 


Page 

116 

117 

117 

127 

130 

131 
131 
137 
139 
145 


PART II 


Pottsville fossils and description of species- 151 

Plant Kingdom_ 151 

Animal Kingdom_ 151 

Phylum Protozoa_ 151 

Class Rhizopoda, Order Foraminifera_ 151 

Phylum Coelenterata- 154 

Class Anthozoa_ 154 

Phylum Echinodermata_I_ 154 

Class Crinoidea_ 154 

Class Echinoidea_ 156 

Phylum Vermes_ 156 

Class Chaetopoda_ 156 

Phylum Molluscoidea_ 156 

Class Bryozoa_ 156 

Class Brachiopoda_ 166 

Phylum Mollusca_ 193 

Class Pelecypoda_ 193 

Class Scaphopoda_ 245 

Class Gastropoda_ 246 

Class Conularida_ 265 

Class Cephalopoda_ 266 

Phylum Arthropoda_ 272 

Class Crustacea, Subclass Trilobita___ 272 

Phylum Vertebrata_ 274 

Class Pisces_ 274 





































TABLE OF CONTENTS. 7 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

PLATES 

I. A—Sciotoville clay with Anthony coal above. Along Baltimore and Ohio 

Southwestern Railroad near Gephart, Scioto County_ 20 

B—Breccia of Maxville limestone on Harrison ore horizon. Lucasville, 

Pike County. 

II. A—Boggs limestone in stream bed; Lower Mercer limestone protruding 

from bank. Blunt Run, Muskingum County (Locality 27)_ 40 

B—Boggs limestone below, with Lower Mercer limestone and Middle 
Mercer coal above. Exposure along Wheeling and Lake Erie 
Railroad near Rock Cut, Muskingum County (Locality 28). 

III. A—Lower Mercer limestone along Wheeling and Lake Erie Railroad near 

Rock Cut, Muskingum County (Locality 28)_ 64 

B—Lower Mercer limestone in bed of Licking River at Zanesville, Mus¬ 
kingum County. 

IV. A—Upper Mercer limestone and black flint with Bedford coal below. 

West of Warsaw, Coshocton County_ 104 

B—Upper Mercer limestone represented largely by black flint along a 
small stream south of Symmes Ford, Madison Township, Mus¬ 
kingum County. 

V. A—Projecting ledge of Putnam Hill limestone with Brookville coal below; 

Tionesta coal, shown by dark streak, a few feet above road. Dug- 

way at Putnam Hill, Zanesville, Muskingum County_ 126 

B—The Carl Crabtree mine in which Tionesta clay is mined for the general 
market. Putnam Hill limestone exposed about 15 feet above the 
mine. Blunt Run, Muskingum County (Locality 27). 

VI. Illustrations of fossils_ 276 

VII. Illustrations of fossils_ 278 

VIII. Illustrations of fossils_ 280 

IX. Illustrations of fossils_ 282 

X. Illustrations of fossils__ 284, 5 

XI. Illustrations of fossils_ 286 

XII. Illustrations of fossils_ 288 

XIII. Illustrations of fossils_290, 291 

XIV. Illustrations of fossils. __ 292 

XV. Illustrations of fossils_*- 294 

XVI. Illustrations of fossils_ 296 

MAP 

Map showing outcrop of Pottsville formation in Ohio- 9 



















PART I 


STRATIGRAPHY OF THE FOSSILIFEROUS 
MEMBERS OF THE POTTSVILLE 
FORMATION 1 

PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM 

The rocks of the Pennsylvanian system outcrop in southeastern 
Ohio over an area of approximately 11,125 square miles. They are 
divided into four formations, Pottsville, Allegheny, Conemaugh, and 
Monongahela, and together their entire thickness in the State averages 
1,100 feet. This bulletin deals only with the oldest formation of the 
Pennsylvanian system, the Pottsville. 

Pottsville Formation 

The Pottsville formation, occurring at the base of the Pennsyl¬ 
vanian system, includes all the rocks between the Mississippian system 
below and the Allegheny formation of the Pennsylvanian system above; 
or between the Maxville limestone, or the Waverly formation where 
the former is wanting, and the Brookville coal, which forms the basal 
member of the Allegheny formation. In many places, especially in 
the central part of the outcrop, there is no sharp line of demarcation 
between the Pottsville and Allegheny formations, as shales form the 
upper members of the Pottsville and the lower members of the Alle¬ 
gheny, so that there is a gradual transition from one formation to the 
other. The outcrop of the formation is extensive and crosses the 
southeastern portion of the State. Beginning at the Ohio River in 
Scioto and Lawrence counties, the rock exposures extend northeast¬ 
ward as far as Wayne and Stark counties, and then eastward, crossing 
the Ohio-Pennsylvania State line from Mahoning County. The forma¬ 
tion is found in the following counties,—Lawrence, Scioto, western 
Gallia, Jackson, eastern Pike, 'Vintop, western Athens, Hocking, Perry, 
Muskingum, eastern Licking, Coshocton, eastern Knox, Tuscarawas, 
Holmes, Wayne, Stark, eastern Medina, Summit, Geauga, Portage, 
southern Trumbull, Mahoning, and Columbiana. 

'The main divisions of the Pennsylvanian system—the Pottsville, Allegheny, 
Conemaugh and Monongahela—are here given the rank of formations, while the 
subdivisions of each are called members, according to the usage adopted by the 
Geological Survey of Ohio. In other states different values are sometimes assigned 
to the divisions of the Pennsylvanian system. 

( 8 ) 



STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


9 


Between the Mississippian and Pennsylvanian systems, or at the 
base of the Pottsville formation, there exists everywhere a great uncon¬ 
formity, as is shown by the extremely irregular upper surface of the 
Mississippian rocks. The basal members of the Pottsville formation 
rest sometimes on varjdng thicknesses of Maxville limestone and some¬ 
times directly upon the Logan formation which occurs below the Max¬ 
ville. The Maxville limestone is found in patches, which, as shown 



Map showing outcrop of Pottsville formation in Ohio 


by W. C. Morse, are undoubtedly the remnants of a once continuous 
deposit laid down at the end of Mississippian time . 1 Uplift, however, 
caused the withdrawal of the sea, and for a long period the region was 
subjected to erosion. The duration of this period was great enough 


^orse, W. C., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 13, p. 99, 1910. 




























10 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


to remove most of the Maxville limestone, and in some places for 
streams to cut into the underlying Logan formation. Remnants of 
the Maxville limestone appear at the present time only as isolated 
patches or islands surrounded by younger rocks of Pottsville age. At 
the end of these land conditions, the region was again submerged and 
the basal members of the Pottsville formation, the Harrison ore and 
the Sharon conglomerate, were deposited in the low troughs and basins. 

The Pottsville formation varies in thickness from 100 to 350 feet 
but averages about 255. The deposit thickens toward the south, and 
in southern Ohio attains its maximum development; there is also a 
general thickening from the western to the eastern part of the outcrop. 
The extremely irregular line of contact between the Pottsville forma¬ 
tion and the Mississippian system below is responsible for the great 
variation in the thickness of the formation in different regions. Where 
the Maxville limestone has been largely or entirely eroded, the lowest 
members of the Pottsville formation, the Harrison ore and the Sharon 
conglomerate, are present, while successively higher members form the 
base of the formation where increasing thicknesses of Maxville lime¬ 
stone are found. In Hopewell Township, Muskingum County, on 
Poverty Run, the Quakertown coal forms the base of the Pottsville, 
while elsewhere any of the horizons from the Harrison ore to the Quaker¬ 
town coal may be in contact with rocks of Mississippian age. 

The Pottsville formation in Ohio is composed for the most part of 
shales and sandstones, interbedded with clays, coals, iron ores, and 
marine limestones. The accompanying generalized section of the 
formation shows the succession of the various members and their rela¬ 
tions to each other. The members vary greatly in character and 
thickness from place to place. Some, such as the Black Flint at the 
top of the formation, are: local in their occurrence and are found only 
in the southern part of the outcrop; others, such as the McArthur 
limestone and Sciotoville clay, are more extensively developed in 
southern Ohio but to the northward become thin and finally disappear. 
There are certain strata, however, of great importance for stratigraphic 
study, as they are very persistent and can be traced from the Ohio 
River northward along the Pottsville outcrop to the Ohio-Pennsylvania 
state line. At the base occurs the Sharon conglomerate which, al¬ 
though patchy in appearance, can be found everywhere in the deepest 
troughs eroded in pre-Pottsville times. Among the coals, the Quaker¬ 
town or No. 2 coal, the Lower Mercer or No. 3 coal, the Middle Mercer 
or No. 3a coal, and the Tionesta or No. 3b coal are the well-defined 
stratigraphic units. By far the best developed and most persistent 
horizons, however, are the Lower and Upper Mercer limestones with 
their accompanying iron ores; these members, especially the Lower 
Mercer, are found in every county where they may be expected, and 


STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


11 


form datum planes of extreme importance for determining the strati¬ 
graphic relations of the overlying and underlying formations. 

Economically the Pottsville formation is of considerable value, 
and it has added much to the natural resources and wealth of the State. 
Most of the iron ores which have been worked for the purpose of smelt¬ 
ing in the old charcoal furnaces, particularly in Scioto, Lawrence, 
Jackson, and Vinton counties, were from this formation. The Lower 
and Upper Mercer ores especially are of sufficient thickness and are 
high enough in iron content to be of some importance comrxiercially. 
However, they in no way rival the ores of the Lake Superior region, 
and at the present time are used only to a very limited extent if at all. 
The coals are utilized mostly for local purposes, but a few beds, such 
as the Sharon coal and particularly the Quakertown or No. 2 coal, 
havelieen mined for commercial use for the past forty years and have 
been important factors in the development of industry in southern 
Ohio. In Jackson County, the Quakertown coal is of good quality 
and thickness, and is responsible for the rapid growth of Jackson, 
Wellston, and other towns in the mining district. Pottsville clays are 
also of importance economically, and the Sciotoville clay has been 
used for many years in Scioto and Jackson counties for the manufac¬ 
ture of refractory wares, for which purpose it sets a standard of ex¬ 
cellence in Ohio. 1 

A study of the Pottsville fossils shows that with the exception of 
the coal formations, the members are marine in origin for the most 
part. The marine conditions which produced these members alter¬ 
nated with the swamp conditions under which the coal was deposited. 
During six periods marine conditions favored the deposition of lime¬ 
stone, and the first six members of the series of-limestones of the Penn¬ 
sylvanian system were laid down, namely the Lowellville (Poverty 
Run), Boggs, Lower Mercer, Upper Mercer, McArthur, and Black 
Flint members. The marine sediments were deposited in shallow 
waters, and as they grew in thickness the water level was approached 
until swamp conditions, necessary for the formation of coal, were 
brought about. A slow depression, however,'successively brought the 
swamp conditions to an end and shallow marine waters again occupied 
the region, and another series of marine sediments was .deposited. 
The slow periodic sinking of the region and the subsequent building 
up of the sea bottom to the water level were necessary for the alter¬ 
nation of marine sediments and coals. 2 

In the following discussion the faunal horizons of . the Pottsville 
formation are treated successively, so as to show the stratigraphic 
relations, character, and extent of each of these strata. 

iStout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 514, 73, 1916. 

2 Stout, W., Manuscript on Clays of Ohio. 



POTTSVILLE, 255 ± FEET Formation 


12 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


COMPOSITE SECTION OF THE POTTSVILLE 
FORMATION IN OHIO 


Member 


General Description 

The horizons from which fossils were collected are 
marked X 


xBlack Flint. 


Brook ville. 


Homewood. 


xMc Arthur. 


Clay, not persistent. 


Ore, nodular, sparingly fossiliferousl 
Flint, black, or Limestone, vcry^”"^ 
fossiliferous_ 


very 


Shale and Sandstone. 


Shale, in places sparingly fossiliferous- 

Limestone, impure, or Shale, calcareous, 
not persistent, very fossiliferous- 


Thickness 


Ft. In. 


0 


6 

1 0 


0 


Tionesta or No. 3b 


Coal, rather continuous, usually thin. 


Clay, light, siliceous. 
Shale and Sandstone. 


xUpper Mercer. 


Ore, nodular, sparingly fossiliferous, 

locally present. __ 

Shale, in places fossiliferous_ 

Limestone, dark blue, or Flint, black, 
fossiliferous, not persistent 


Bedford . 


Coal, not persistent. 


Clay, variable_ 

Shale and Sandstone. 


xSand Block. 


Ore, nodular, siliceous, in places sparingly 
fossiliferous__ _ 


Shale and Sandstone- 


Upper Mercer or No 
3a 


Coal, not persistent. 


Clay, not persistent, siliceous. 
Shale and Sandstone_ 


xLower Mercer- 


Ore, kidney, sparingly fossiliferous, local. 


Shale. 


xLower Mercer- 


Limestone, blue, very fossiliferous, very 
persistent 


Middle Mercer. 


Coal, thin, rather persistent. 


Clay, siliceous_ 

Shale and Sandstone. 


Flint Ridge. 


Coal, not persistent, thin. 


Clay, flint, blue, local. 

Clay, siliceous, light_ 

Shale and Sandstone,. 


2 6 

9 0 


2 • 0 


1 0 

3 0 

5 0 


































































































STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


13 


COMPOSITE SECTION OF THE POTTSVILLE 
FORMATION IN OHIO—Concluded 


Member 


General Description 

The horizons from which fossils were collected are 
marked X 


Thickness 


Ft. In. 


H 




xBoggs- 

Limestone, blue, or Ore, fossiliferoiis, local. 


6 


Shale_ 

1 

0 

Lower Mercer or No.3 

Coal, not persistent _ ... 

, 1 

0 


Clay, siliceous... ... _ __ 

3 

0 


Shale and Sandstone ... 

21 

0 

xLowellville__ _ 

Shale, calcareous, very fossiliferous. 

1 

0 

(Poverty Run) 

Limestone, hard, ferruginous, fossiliferous, 




very local ... 


6 


Shale __ ... _ _ _ 

1 

6 

Vandusen 

Coal, thin, often wanting. __ 

1 

0 






Clay, impure... . _. 

2 

0 


Shale and Sandstone _____ 

15 

0 

xBear Run 

Shale, blue, locally fossiliferous __ 

• 2 

0 


Coal, unsteady. _ __ 

1 

6 


Clay, siliceous, impure.. ... 

3 

0 


Shale and Sandstone 

24 

0 

xQuakertown or No. 2 

Coal, locally well developed _ 

3 

0 


Clay, siliceous _ _____ 

2 

0 


Shale and Sandstone _ ... 

20 

6 

Guinea Fowl 

Ore, siliceous, very local _ __ 


6 






Shale _ _ 

3 

0 

xAnthony__ 

Shale, bony, in places fossiliferous- 


3 


Coal, local 


3 

Scioto ville 

Clay, flint, plastic, not persistent 

4 

0 


Shale and Sandstone _ _ _ 

19 

0 

xSharon . 

Ore, fossiliferous, seldom present 

-- 

6 


Shale — 

5 

6 

Sharon or No. 1 

Coal, locally well developed 

3 

0 


Clay, siliceous 

2 

0 


Shale, usually wanting 

5 

0 

Sharon - - 

. Conglomerate, not persistent 

20 

0 

xHarrison- 

Ore, seldom present, fossiliferous- 

- -- 

6 
























































































14 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


HARRISON ORE 
Stratigraphy and Extent 

The oldest fossiliferous member of the Pottsville formation, the 
Harrison ore, occurs at the base of the Pennsylvanian system and 
marks the line of contact between that and the underlying Mississippian 
system. Although the ore is extremely patchy in its occurrence, it is 
of comparatively wide extent and has been traced from Scioto County 
on the south, where it is best developed in Hamilton Township, north¬ 
ward through eastern Pike, Jackson, western Vinton, and Muskingum 
counties. It is also present in the Killbuck and Walhonding valleys 
of Coshocton County. In thickness it varies from 6 inches in Scioto 
County to a maximum of 4 feet in Jackson County; 1 to the northward 
in central Ohio it thins again, attaining a thickness of 10 inches in 
Muskingum County. 2 

The Harrison ore is of special interest on account of its position 
with reference to the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity, for it 
consists of the first materials deposited after the long period of erosion 
at the end of Mississippian time. The ore lies directly upon the eroded 
Mississippian surface—sometimes upon the Maxville limestone, or 
where that formation has been entirely removed, upon the Logan 
shales. In places it is so intimately associated with the Maxville 
limestone that it was formerly considered the upper part of that forma¬ 
tion; 3 but Morse in his detailed work on the Maxville of Muskingum 
and Perry counties proves the horizon to be of Pennsylvanian age. 4 * 
In southern Ohio at most localities, the ore appears as a distinct horizon 
above the Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity. 

In lithologic character the Harrison ore varies greatly from place 
to place. It is generally coarse in texture, and is composed of a con¬ 
glomeratic mass of quartz pebbles, cherty material, and fragments of 
sandstone which have been cemented together by iron oxides. The 
cherty material seems to have been derived from the Maxville limestone 
which had been weathered into small fragments during the long period 
of erosion after the withdrawal of the Mississippian sea. These 
products of decomposition were later reworked by the incoming Penn¬ 
sylvanian sea and were cemented by iron compounds. Many of the 
rounded quartz pebbles resemble -those of the Sharon conglomerate 
which lies only a few feet above the ore or sometimes rests directly 
upon it. The member is generally poor in fossils, and where these 
occur, they appear mostly as internal casts and present an extremely 
dwarfed aspect. 

^tout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 28, 481, 1916. 

2 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 48, 1918. 

*Orton, Edward, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. V, pp. 373-379, 1884. 

1 'Morse, W ^ ’ GeC>1 SUTV 0hi0 ’ Fourth Ser -’ Bul1 ’ 13, pp * 35-55 an d elsewhere, 



STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 15 

The Harrison ore is too poor in iron content to be of economic 
importance; its high percentage of silica and patchy outcrop also render 
it undesirable for commercial use. At present it is nowhere used 
commercially, although in the early history of the State it was utilized 
to a very limited extent in the charcoal furnaces of Scioto, Jackson, 
and Muskingum counties. 


Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 


Scioto County. —In Scioto County the ore is found only in Harrison 
Township, from which locality it was named by Stout in 1916. 1 The 
following strata measured on Munn Hill, in Section 32, show the 
variable character of the deposit: 2 


Feet 

Pottsville formation 

Shaly sandstone_*_ 20 

Coal, bony, Anthony _ __ 

Clay, flint, SciOtoville _..___ 3 

Shales, and parts covered_ 38 

Conglomerate zone, flint, bowlders, shale, ferruginous 

clay, Harrison horizon _ 2 

Logan formation 


Inches 


6 

6 


Jackson County. —The Harrison ore outcrops in the stream bed 
and valley walls of a small tributary which the Little Scioto River 
receives from the south, in the central part of Section 22, Hamilton 
Township. Excellent collecting is afforded from the bed of the stream 
below the house of Phillip Meldick, as the fossils are abundant, well 
preserved, and easily obtained. The deposit is buff or red in color, 
coarse-grained, siliceous, and filled with numerous soft, decomposed 
pebbles, resembling to a marked extent the Sharon ore above. The 
collection of fossils from this locality is the only one made from the 
Harrison ore. These fossils were not found in fragments of older Miss- 
issippian rock enclosed in the Harrison ore, and therefore are distinctly 
of Pennsylvanian age. The following section was measured here 
(Locality l): 3 


J Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 481, 1916. 

2 Idem., p. 482. 

3 Idem., p. 29. 








16 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Strata ‘measured in valley of small tributary of Little Scioto River , 
Section 22, Hamilton Township, Jackson County 


Feet 


Sharon conglomerate equivalent _ _ 


Sandstone, coarse-grained, 

ferruginous_ 

Shale, blue_ 

Sandstone, coarse-grained, 

ferruginous__ 

Ore, composed of small nodules, Harrison _ __ 

Clay shale, light______ 2 

Sandstone, with parts covered_"I, f 15 

Shale, soft, yellowish_I °^ an L 1 


Inches 

10 

1 

10 

10 


The fossils collected from the Harrison ore at this locality are 
listed below : 1 

Crinoid segments 

Orbiculoidea stoutella n. sp. 

Orbiculoidea capuliformis (McChesney)? 

Schizophoria sp. 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard)? 

Hustedia mormoni (Marcou) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Nucula subrotundata Girty mss. 

Nucula beyrichi von Schauroth 
Nuculopsis ventricosa (Hall) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox var. 

Schizodus affinis Herrick 
Schizodus subcircularis Herrick 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 

Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen? 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Pleurotomaria ornatiformis n. sp. 

Pleurotomaria, three or more species, undetermined 
Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Sphaerodoma humilis (Keyes)? 


Muskingum County.— The section below, measured on the land of 
Frank Fink, southeastern part of Section 13, Hopewell Township 
shows the character of the member in Muskingum County as well as 
its relation to the underlying Maxville limestone. 2 


Tn the treatment of fossils in this bulletin the name of the author who 
founded a species is inclosed in parentheses if the generic name of+17+ on J5“»lly 
been changed from that under which the fossil was originally described “ haS 

2 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21 p 49 1918 













STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


17 


Pottsville formation 

Shale, blue__ 

Shale, dark, fissile.--^___ 

Clay, siliceous__ 

Ore, siliceous_1 

Shale- ? Harrison __ 

Ore, siliceous_ J 

Maxville limestone_ 


Feet 

3 


1 


0 to 6 


Inches 


10 

10 

3 

1 

3 


SHARON ORE 
Stratigraphy and Extent 

The next fossiliferous member of the Pottsville formation above 
the Harrison ore, namely the Sharon ore, is of very limited outcrop, 
and with the exception of Mahoning and Trumbull counties, is found 
only in the extreme southern part of Ohio,—in the eastern part of 
Scioto and Pike counties and in Jackson County. 1 The ore is very 
patchy and uncertain, and where present, either lies directly on the 
Sharon coal (Jackson Shaft coal, or Coal No. 1) or is separated from 
it by not more than 15 or 20 feet of sandstone and shale. In Jackson 
County it forms a deposit from 4 to 6 inches thick, while in Pike and 
Scioto counties it reaches a thickness of 10 inches to 1 foot 6 inches. 
The ore is buff or brown in color, highly siliceous, and coarse in texture, 
and is filled with numerous decomposed fragments of Mississippian 
material. Living conditions during the period of deposition of the 
Sharon ore were such as to support an abundant fauna, which, how¬ 
ever, is small and dwarfed in aspect, owing probably to the high per¬ 
centage of iron which the waters contained. The fossils which are for 
the most part well preserved generally occur as casts of the interior as 
in the case of the Harrison ore. 


Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 


Scioto County. —In Section 14, Porter Township, at the mouth of 
Lick Run, the ore is exposed on the farm of Joseph Jenkins, where it 
is extremely fossiliferous and furnishes good collecting material; the 
fossils resemble to a marked degree those of the Harrison ore both in 
species and condition of preservation. The deposit is brown in color 
and contains much soft, light brown, chalky material formed by the 
decomposition of inclosed pebbles. The section at this locality follows 
(Locality 2): 2 

^tout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 71, 455, 493, 1916. 

2 Idem., p. 494. 










18 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Section at mouth of Lick Run, Section U, Porter Township, 
Scioto County 


Pottsville formation 

Feet 

Inches 

6 


_ 3 



_ 3 


Ore, soft, siliceous, very fossiliferous, Sharon - 

1 

_ 3 

-- 


_ 6 

__ 

Ore, with flint and pebbles, Harrison - 

Waverly formation 

1 

-- 

Sandstone, Vinton - 

.. _ 22 

-- 


The collection of fossils made at this locality includes the follow¬ 
ing forms: 

Crinoid segments 

Pustula pertenuis Meek 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard)? 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Solenomya ?? sharonensis n. sp. 

Solenomorpha lamborni n. sp. 

Nucula elongata n. sp. 

Nucula subrotundata Girty mss. 

Nucula lunulata Girty mss. 

Nuculopsis ventricosa (Hall) 

Leda inflata Girty mss. 

Anthraconeilo bownockeri n. sp. 

Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Pleurophorus oblongus Meek 

Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen? 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Pleurotomaria ornatiformis n. sp. 

Pleurotomaria, three or more species, undetermined 
Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Sphaerodoma primigenia (Conrad)? 

Orthoceras n. sp. 

Coloceras ? sp. 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 

Fish teeth 

In the northern part of Section 15, Madison Township, near the 
head of Higgins Run, specimens of the fresh or brackish water pelecy- 
pod, Naiadites ohioense n. sp., were found in the dark shales which lie 
directly above the Sharon coal; they are not abundant, however, and 
constitute the only fossil discovered at this locality. The samples of 










STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


19 


shale which were examined were taken from the roof of the mine on the 
farm of John Alexander, where the geologic section below was meas¬ 
ured (Locality 3): 

Strata measured on farm of John Alexander, near head of Higgins Run, 
northern part of Section 15, Madison Township, Scioto County 

Feet Inches 


Pottsville formation 

Shale, gray_ 10 

Shale, dark, sparingly fossiliferous_ 2 

Coal, Sharon _ 2 2 

Sandstone, Sharon conglomerate equivalent_ 30 

Waverly formation 

Sandstone and shale_ 40 


In the western part of Section 15, Madison Township, Naiadites 
eiongata Dawson was obtained from the Harry Odle mine in the creek 
bed, where the dark shales afford good material for collecting (Local¬ 
ity 4). This fossiliferous shale is also present at the other mines in 
the vicinity. In Section 11, the Sharon ore is present above the shales, 
but it was not examined for fossils. The ore is 10 inches thick and 
lies nearly 10 feet above the Sharon coal. This bed was formerly 
mined in Section 22, Madison Township, for use in the charcoal furnaces. 

Jackson County.—At the old, abandoned Glen Nell mine in 
Section 21, Washington Township, about 4 miles northwest of Wellston, 
the Sharon ore lies practically on the Sharon coal. It is very sparingly 
fossiliferous, and a diligent search in the coal dumps around the mouth 
of the mine revealed only a few specimens of Orhiculoidea stoutella n. sp. 
The geologic section at the Glen Nell mine is given below (Locality 5) : l 


Feet Inches 

Sandstone, coarse-grained, interbedded- v - 12 

Ore, Sharon, irregularly bedded with pebbles in places- -- 7 

Shale, dark, carbonaceous- -- 

Coal, Sharon - 3 1 


In the central part of Section 34, Hamilton Township, the ore 
horizon is replaced by black bone shales which contain abundant fossil 
remains. Collections were made from the shales outcropping in the 
road just east of Tattle Creek, where the following section was'meas¬ 
ured (Locality 6): 

Feet Inches 

Shale, gray---- —- - - ® 

Shale, bony, black, fossiliferous, Sharon ore equivalent- 

Shale and covered- 2 

Sandstone, Sharon conglomerate equivalent- 3 


J Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 71, 1916. 














20 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


The fossils listed below were obtained at this place: 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Orbiculoidea capuliformis (McChesney)? 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 

Trumbull and Mahoning Counties.—In the southcentral part of 
Trumbull and in the northcentral part of Mahoning County along 
Mineral Ridge, the Sharon coal is reported to be accompanied by a 
layer of black band ore which is doubtless the equivalent of the Sharon 
ore of southern Ohio. 1 The ore varies in thickness from 6 to 10 inches 
and overlies 2 feet of black shale; both the ore and the shale divide the 
Sharon coal into two beds. Remains of the fresh water, bivalve crus¬ 
tacean, Estheria, are said to occur in great abundance. 

Summary 

The complete list of fossils collected from the Sharon member 
follows: 

Crinoid segments 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Orbiculoidea stoutella n. sp. 

Orbiculoidea capuliformis (McChesney)? 

Pustula per tenuis (Meek) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard)? 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Solenom} r a ?? sharonensis n. sp. 

Solenomorpha lamborni n. sp. 

Nucula elongata n. sp. 

Nucula subrotundata Girty mss. 

Nucula lunulata Girty mss. 

Nuculopsis ventricosa (Hall) 

Leda inflata Girty mss. 

Anthraconeilo bownockeri n. sp. 

Naiadites elongata Dawson 
Naiadites ohioense n. sp. 

Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Pleurophorus oblongus Meek 

Bellerophori crassus Meek and Worthen? 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Pleuro to maria ornatiformis n. sp. 

Pleuro to maria, 3 or more species, undetermined 
Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Sphaerodoma primigenia (Conrad)? 


'Newberry, J. S., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. Ill, p. 790, 1878. 



PLATE I. 



A Sciotoville clay with Anthony coal above. Along Baltimore and Ohio South¬ 
western Railroad near Gephart, Scioto County 



B—Breccia of Maxville limestone on Harrison ore horizon. Lucasville, Pike Countv 


























































. 













































































































STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


21 


Orthoceras n. sp. 

Coloceras ? sp. 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 

Estheria sp. 

ANTHONY COAL 
Stratigraphy and Extent 

The Anthony coal horizon consists of a thin deposit of coal and 
interbedded dark carbonaceous shales, lying directly over the Scioto- 
ville clay. Although not a continuous deposit, it has been traced from 
the Ohio River through eastern Scioto and Pike, Jackson, Hocking, 
Perry, and eastern Licking counties, as far northward as southwestern 
Muskingum County. 1 In Scioto County, where the lowest members of 
the Pottsville formation are present,—including the Harrison ore, the 
Sharon conglomerate, coal, and ore, with their associated sandstones 
and shales,—the Anthony coal and the underlying Sciotoville clay 
occur as much as 60 feet above the base of the formation. In Jackson 
County the interval is only one-half as great, while in Hocking County 
at Logan it lies a few feet above the Logan sandstone, and rests directly 
upon the Maxville limestone at Maxville in Perry County. 

The Anthony coal does not form a continuous, well-marked horizon, 
and where present, is thin, varying from a mere trace to 3 feet in thick¬ 
ness. It attains its maximum development in Scioto and Jackson 
counties, where the thickness averages less than a foot, but it is often 
represented by a layer of only 2 or 3 inches. A trace was noted in two 
localities in Vinton County; 2 near Logan in Hocking County and at 
Maxville in Perry County a few inches of shaly coal was reported, 
while in Muskingum County a thin layer of carbonaceous shale or 
sometimes only a soot streak marks the horizon. The coal, where thick, 
is of good quality and is in many places cannel; it is, however, generally 
shaly or interbedded with dark, carbonaceous shales. In a few places 
in Scioto and Jackson counties, it is mined for household use. 

Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 

Scioto County.—At the mine of the Wm. E. Dee Clay Product 
Co. near Scioto Furnace, the dark carbonaceous shales on the Anthony 
coal horizon were found to be fossiliferous. Small, excellently pre¬ 
served specimens of Lingula occur in great profusion between the lay¬ 
ers, and with the exception of a few other rare forms, are the only 
fossils found. The section at this locality follows (Locality 7): 

x Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 73, 455, 543, 1916; Bull. 
21, p. 55, 1918. 

2 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 86, 1916. 



22 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Section at mine of the Wm . E. Dee Clay Product Co., near Scioto Furnace, 

Scioto County 


Feet Inches 


Shale_ 15 

Shale, dark, fossiliferous-- - - 4 

Coal , Anthony _ -- 4 

Clay, flint_ 1 7 

Clay, semi-flint, Sciotoville - 2 8 

Clay, “pink eye”- 1 


The fossils collected here are listed below: 


Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Naiadites sp. 

At the mine of the Buckeye Fire & Clay Co., at Scioto Furnace, 
the black bone shale above the Anthony coal also contains an abun¬ 
dance of large Lingulas. The coal occurs about 25 feet above the 
Waverly formation. The following section was measured at this 
place (Locality 8): 

Section at mine of the Buckeye Fire & Clay Co., Scioto Furnace, Scioto 

County 

Feet Inches 


Sandstone_ 10 

Shale, bony, with softer layers, partly fossiliferous_ 4 

Coal, Anthony _ __ 2 

Clay, impure, Sciotoville _ __ 


The fossils from this locality include: 

Plantae 
Lingula sp. 

Summary 

The complete list of fossils from the Anthony coal horizon follows: 

Plantae 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Lingula sp. 


Naiadites sp. 












STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


23 


QUAKERTOWN OR No. 2 COAL HORIZON 
Stratigraphy and Extent 

The next horizon above the Anthony coal in which fossils are found 
is the Quakertown or No. 2 coal, the fossils occurring in the dark, tough 
shales immediately overlying the coal. The deposit is of very wide 
extent, and is present in every county where the Pottsville rocks occur, 
although, except in northern Jackson and southern Vinton counties, it 
is of importance for stratigraphic purposes only. In the latter counties, 
however, where the member attains its greatest development, the coal 
forms one of the most valuable beds in Ohio, and adds materially to 
the wealth and economic resources of the State. Jackson County 
owes much of its development to the presence of this bed which has 
been mined for more than fifty years. 

At its southern limit in Scioto County, the Quakertown coal lies 
half-way between the Anthony coal below, and the Bear Run coal 
above, the average interval in each case being 35 feet. Northward in 
Jackson County the latter interval varies from 20 to 30 feet, while that 
between the Quakertown coal and the Sciotoville clay averages 40 
feet. 1 In Muskingum County the horizon measures from a few to 70 
feet above the base of the Pennsylvanian system, the variation being 
due to the irregular upper surface of the Mississippian rocks. 2 At the 
extreme northeastern extension of the Pottsville formation in Mahoning 
County, the Quakertown varies from 50 to 80 feet above the Sharon 
coal. 3 

The Quakertown coal reaches its maximum development in Coal 
and Milton townships, Jackson County, where it is mined over an 
area of forty square miles. Among the principal mining centers are 
Wellston, Coalton, and Glenroy. The bed reaches a thickness of 4 
feet in places, but averages for the county 2 feet 6 inches. It is of ex¬ 
cellent quality, and for the most part is free from shaly partings, though 
shales form the roof of the coal except where they are occasionally re¬ 
placed by sandstone. The productive field extends northward into 
southern Vinton County as far as Allensville, Elk Fork, and Vinton 
Furnace. To the north and south the bed becomes thin and of slight 
economic value although it is mined in places for local domestic use. 
In Scioto County it is often wanting, but where present reaches a maxi¬ 
mum thickness of 1 foot 10 inches, while in Muskingum County the 
average thickness measures 1 foot 8 inches. Its value in the latter 
county, however, is lessened by shaly partings i to 6 inches thick. 
Farther northward carbonaceous shales with very thin coal layers 
mark the horizon, while in Mahoning County, Dr. Newberry reports 

1 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 90-114, 550-552, 1916. 

2 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, pp. 56-60, 1918. 

3 Newberry, J. S., Geol. Surv. of Ohio, Vol. Ill, pp..793-794, 1878. 



24 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


that the member consists of alternating gray and black shales and 
sandstones with an occasional thin coal bed. 1 

The shales which form the roof of the Quakertown coal in Jackson 
County have been found to be very sparingly fossiliferous. A diligent 
search in the shales associated with the Quakertown coal at various 
localities in southern Ohio was rewarded by only a few crushed specimens, 
all of the same species, from three places in Coal Township, Jackson 
County. With the exception of Lingulas from one locality in Summit 
County, these forms constitute the only fossils discovered on the horizon. 

Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 

Lawrence and Scioto Counties.—In Lawrence County the Quaker¬ 
town coal does not appear at the surface and is known only from well 
records. In Scioto County, however, the member is locally well de¬ 
veloped. The following section measured on the land of William 
Tripp, Section 14, Bloom Township, shows its relation to the Scioto- 
ville clay below and to the Bear Run coal above: 2 


Feet Inches 


Coal blossom, Bear Run _ -- 6 

Clay shales, dark_ 3 6 

Shales, gray, and parts covered_ 28 

Sandstones, flaggy and medium bedded_ 13 

Coal outcrop, Quakertown, seen to the south_ 1 8 

Shales and covered_ 33 

Sandstones_ 7 

Coal, Anthony __ __ 2 

Clay, flint, dark, Sciotoville _ 6 


Jackson County.—With the exception of Summit, this is the only 
county from which fossils were obtained, all of them being from Coal 
Township. Specimens are very rare, and all belong to the fresh or 
brackish water pelecypod, Naiadites elongata Dawson. Collections 
were made from the Wilson mine, northeastern part of Section 32 
(Locality 9); from the Twin-Ada mine, central part of Section 35 (Lo¬ 
cality 10); and from the Grace mine, just east of Davisville in the north¬ 
eastern part of Section 10 (Locality 11). The following section was 
measured in the Grace mine and in the hollow to the east : 3 


dewberry, J. S., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. Ill, p. 793, 1878. 

2 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 551, 1910. 

3 Idem., p. 146. 












STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


25 


Strata measured in Grace mine and in hollow to the east, Section 10, 
Coal Township, Jackson County 


Limestone_ | 

Shale, dark_ > Lower Mercer 

Limestone_1 

Covered_ 

Coal, cannel, Lower Mercer _ 

Top of Shaft 

v. Covered_ 

Coal, Quakertown _ 

Summit County.—No other fossils were found on the Quakertown 
coal horizon except in the extreme eastern part of Summit County 
where Lingula carhonaria Shumard is present in great abundance in 
the fossiliferous shales associated with a thin coal bed at Mogadore 
Station, five miles east of Akron (Locality 12). 

Summary 

The'fossils collected from the Quakertown or No. 2 coal horizon are: 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Naiadites elongata Dawson 

BEAR RUN COAL HORIZON 


Feet 


1 

1 

9 

97 

3 


Inches 

11 

10 


Stratigraphy and Extent 


The shales and black band ore associated with the Bear Run coal 
constitute the next fossiliferous horizon above the Quakertown coal. 
Although absent in some localities, the stratum is fairly persistent in 
southern Ohio, and extends from Scioto County through Jackson and 
Vinton as far north as Muskingum County. 1 In Scioto County the 
interval between the Bear Run coal horizon and the Sciotoville clay 
with the associated Anthony coal varies from 62 to 86 feet with an 
average of 71 feet; northward in Jackson County the interval is some¬ 
what less,—from 20 to 80 feet with an average of about 60 feet. 2 In 
Muskingum County this distance measures about 45 feet. 

The Bear Run coal attains its greatest development in the Dever 
Valley in Hamilton Township, Jackson County, where it is of good 
quality and has been mined for local use for many years. Its thick¬ 
ness varies from 1 foot to 2 feet 6 inches, with an average of almost 2 
f eet. The character of the deposit varies greatly from place to place, 


^tout, W., 

2 Stout, W., 


eol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull 20 p. 15,1916; Bull 21 p. 60, 
leol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 115, 552, 1916. 


1918. 











26 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


and the coal may be interbedded with or replaced by shales and black 
band ore. In Scioto County the coal is thin or is replaced entirely by 
carbonaceous shales, while along Tattle Creek, south of Dever Valley, 
the deposit gives way to sandstone. In Lick Township, Jackson 
County, the coal is interbedded with dark fissile shales and black band 
ore; in Muskingum County the member is thin and is usually represented 
by dark, carbonaceous shales. Fossils are fairly abundant in number 
of individuals, but with the exception of a single fish plate, all the 
specimens discovered belong to a single species of the fresh or brackish 
water pelecypod,— Naiadites elongata Dawson. Collections were made 
from various parts of Scioto and Jackson counties. 

Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 

Scioto County.—In Section 3, Bloom Township, on the land of 
H. H. Stevenson, Naiadites elongata Dawson occurs in the dark shales 
overlying the Bear Run coal. The following section was measured 
here (Locality 13) i 1 

Feet Inches 


Sandstone, massive_ 6 0 

Shale, blue, tough, lower part fossiliferous_ 7 

Coal, Bear Run, upper part somewhat bony_ 2 4 


Jackson County.—Along the Dever Valley in the southern part of 
Hamilton Township, the shales above the coal are everywhere fossil¬ 
iferous, and collections of Naiadites elongata were made at various 
places along the valley. One of the best collecting localities was found 
on the land of Edward Toffin, in the southern part of Section 25, where 
the geologic section below was measured (Locality 14) : 2 

Rock succession on land of Edward Toffin, Section 25, Hamilton Township, 

Jackson County 


Coal blossom, Tionesta. _ 

Covered_ 

Ore, Sand Block _ 

Covered_ 

Shale, blue_ 

Shale, blue, tough, lower part fossiliferous! 

Coal, goocb_ 

Coal, bony_ j Bear Run. 

Shale, black, carbonaceous_I 


Feet 

1 

40 


133 

10 



’Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 556, 1916. 
-Idem., p. 116. > v t . 


Inches 


4 


7 

3 

6 















STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


27 


In Lick Township, several miles northeast of Jackson, the same 
fossil occurs in the fissile shales and black band ore interbedded with 
the coal. In the western part of Section 21 at the mouth of the old 
coal mine on the land of D. D. Evans, good collecting material is sup¬ 
plied by the piles of shale thrown out from the mine. The section 
below was made at this place (Locality 15) d 


Shale_ 

Coal, part cannel_ 

Bone, shale, tough, fissile 

Ore, black band_ 

Bone shale, tough, fissile 


Feet 

35 



Inches 

8 

8 

10 

4 


Black band ore with Naiadites elongata is exposed in the stream 
bed on the property of Mrs. John Butts in the central part of Section 5. 
The material is shaly, red or gray in color, and slabs containing fossils 
can be obtained easily from the stream bed. The following members 
constitute the section here (Locality 16) : 2 


Strata measured in stream bed on property of Mrs. John Butts, central 
part of Section 5, Lick Township, Jackson County 


Shale, dark- 

Coal, cannel nature_ 

Shale_ 

Coal, cannel- 

Ore, black band, fossiliferous - 

Coal, bituminous- 

Safidstone_ 

Shale_ 


Bear Run. 


Feet 

4 


Coal blossom- 

Shale, blue, sandy- 

Shaly sandstone, plant marked- 

Shale, sandy, with carbonate ore nodules- 

C° al ' bon y--) Quakertown _ 

Coal, good- J 1 — 


3 
1 
5 

fl¬ 


inches 

9 

2 

2 

3 

4 


3 

9 

3 
10 

4 
9 


Vinton County.—The black band ore above the Bear Run coal is 
sparingly fossiliferous on Elk Fork, in the western part of Section 6, 
Elk Township. The ore occurs about 100 feet below the Lower Mercer 
limestone. The geologic section and the fossils collected here follow 
(Locality 17): 

iStout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 121, 1916. 

2 Idem., p. 122. 



























28 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Feet Inches 

Sandstone, shaly_ 10 

Ore, black band, sparingly fossiliferous- -- 2 

Coal , Bear Run _ -- 2 

Clay- 1 

Naiadites elongata Dawson 
Fish plate * 


Specimens of Naiadites elongata Dawson were obtained from the 
black shales of the Bear Run coal horizon three-fourths of a mile south 
of Stella, in the northern part of Section 14, Jackson Township (Lo¬ 
cality 18). 


LOWELLVILLE (POVERTY RUN) LIMESTONE 


Stratigraphy and Extent 


The Lowellville limestone is the next faunal horizon above the 
fossiliferous shales associated with the Bear Run coal, and is the oldest 
of the series of marine limestones which occur in the Pennsylvanian 
system. The limestone was named Poverty Run by Stout in 1918 be¬ 
cause excellent outcrops of it occur along a stream of that name in 
Hopewell Township, Muskingum County, and this name has been 
used in the report of the Geological Survey on Muskingum County. 1 
It is present locally in the western part of Muskingum County and ex¬ 
tends northward into the southwestern part of Coshocton, where it 
has been found outcropping in Opossum Hollow, Washington Town¬ 
ship. 2 No other outcrops are reported to the north except in Mahon¬ 
ing County where Lamb describes a “black, very hard, tough” lime¬ 
stone which “seems to lie just below the horizon of the Quakertown 
coal,” to which in 1910 he gave the name Lowellville limestone from 
exposures in the town of Lowellville, in the eastern part of the county. 3 
This limestone apparently forms the northeastern extension of the 
Poverty Run limestone of Muskingum County, and the two deposits 
are alike not only lithologically, but also faunally, as a comparison of 
their fossil content shows. In Muskingum County along Poverty Run 
the member is found about 37 feet above the base of the Pottsville 
formation and 55 feet below the Lower Mercer limestone; the latter 
interval averages for the county 52 feet. 4 At Lowellville in Mahoning 
County, the horizon lies 64 feet above the Sharon coal and 83 feet 
below the Lower Mercer limestone. 5 


iStout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 65 and elsewhere, 1918. 
z ldem., p. 64. 

■Lamb, G. F., Pennsylvanian Limestones of Northeastern Ohio below the Lower 
Kittanning Coal, Ohio Naturalist, Vol. 10, March, 1910, pp. 128 129. 

♦Stout, W., ■Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 65, 1918 

Li I? est ° ne s of Northeastern Ohio below the Lower 
Kittannmg Coal, Ohio Naturalist, Vol. 10, March, 1910, pp 128 129 







STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


29 


Where typically developed in Muskingum County, the Poverty 
Run limestone consists of several divisions, the lowest of which is an 
extremely hard, gray, fossiliferous limestone with a maximum thick¬ 
ness of 6 inches. It is characteristically affected by two systems of 
joints causing the limestone to break up into comparatively small 
blocks. In places concretions of iron ore are present, and on Poverty 
Run these are especially numerous and resemble the stems of plants. 
Fossils, although abundant, consist largely of fragments, and it is 
difficult to find specimens in a condition perfect enough to permit 
identification. The extreme hardness of the limestone also makes 
work with the fossils difficult. On top of the limestone, however, 
there occurs a soft, friable, black, calcareous shale, generally about 1 
foot in thickness, which contains a wealth of fossils, at least in number 
of individuals. Collecting is good as the fossils are easily obtained and 
well preserved. For the most part the shells are white in color and 
show up remarkably well against the dark background. In some 
places a thin layer of iron ore not more than 4 inches thick overlies the 
shale. It is reported to be sparingly fossiliferous, but no collections 
were made from it. 

In Mahoning County the Lowellville limestone was first referred 
to by Dr. Newberry as “dark, siliceous limestone” in his section 1 on 
Grindstone Run at Lowellville, where he ascribes to it a thickness of 
1 foot. Lamb describes the deposit at Lowellville thus: “The lime¬ 
stone is black, very hard, tough, and apparently in one layer. It is 2 
feet or more in thickness—the full thickness not being obtained due to 
a sharp dip downstream concealing the base. It is very fossiliferous, 
the white shells and crinoid stems presenting a striking appearance in 
the black matrix. A few species of brachiopods and fragments of 
crinoid stems predominate. The latter are often 6 to 8 inches long, and 
lying horizontally, with the section markings showing plainly, they 
somewhat resemble worms . ... ” 2 


Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 


Muskingum County.— The type exposure of the Poverty Run 
limestone is found in Hopewell Township on Poverty Run, a small 
stream which flows from the southwest into the Licking River. The 
following section was measured on land of Della Wise, Section 18, 
about two miles northwest of Mt. Sterling (Locality 19). 3 Collections 
were made from the limestone and from the overlying dark, fossiliferous 
shale, both of which outcrop in the bed of the stream. The shale fur¬ 
nishes especially good collecting material. 


dewberry, J. S., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. Ill, opp. p. 804, 1878; Lamb, G. F. ; Penn¬ 
sylvanian Limestones of Northeastern Ohio below the 


he Lower Kittanning coal, Ohio 

Naturalist, Vol. 10, March, 1910, p. 128. 

2 Lamb, G. F., Idem., p. 128. 

3 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, 1918. 
on page 62. 


Section given in part 



30 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Section measured on Poverty Run , Hopewell Township , 

County 


Feet 

Allegheny formation 

Limestone, nodular, fossiliferous, Putnam Hill - 1 

Pottsville formation 

Shale and covered- 9 

Shale, in part light_ 7 

Coal_-_ -- 

Clay and clay shale_ 4 

Coal blossom_ -- 

Clay_-- 1 

Shale, gray, with scattered nodules of ore- 4 

Flint, black, fossiliferous, Upper Mercer _ __ 

Shale____-__ -- 

Coal, semi-cannel, Bedford _ 1 

Clay, light___ 3 

Clay, shale_ 3 

Coal, Upper Mercer or No. 3 a _ 

Clay_ 2 

Sandstone_ 4 

Covered_ 4 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous_'l Lower Mercer 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous_/ 

Clay, light- 3 

Shale and shaly sandstone_ 5 

Clay, flint, dark_ 1 

Clay, siliceous, light_ 5 

Covered_ 5 





Sandstone, ferruginous, hard. 

Clay shale_ L _ 2 

Sandstone, shaly_^ _ 5 

Shale and covered_ 19 

Shale, gray_ 7 

Shale, dark, calcareous, very fossil-"] r 

iferous, with scattered nodules of » . ~ 

fossiliferous limestone_f P< *"* Run ' i 

Limestone, block, fossiliferous_I t __ 

Shale, siliceous, light_ 

Sandstone, light__ 

Shale, gray, with thin sandstone interbedded_ 5 

Coal, Vandusen _ 

Clay, light, siliceous_ 3 

Shale, argillaceous_ 2 

Shale, blue_ 3 

Shale with thin coal bands, Bear Run _ 

Sandstone, hard, plant marked_ 

Clay shale, light gray_ 3 

Shale, siliceous, blue_ 4 

Shale, gray___ _ 3 

Sandstone, ferruginous, conglomeratic__ 


Muskingum 


Inches 


6 

1 

. 11 

2 

4 

9 

3 

6 


6 

6 


8 

8 


4 

8 

3 

4 
3 


3 

10 

10 

8 

10 

8 


3 

3 


6 


















































31 


Inches 


8 

2 

10 

3 

1 

3 


The limestone from this locality is extremely hard and contains 
many fragments of fossils, which are for the most part too poorly pre¬ 
served to be identified. The list includes the following identifiable 
forms: 

Crinoid segments and plates 
Fenestella sp. 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

The fossils below were collected from the black shale above the 
hard limestone on Poverty Run: 

Crinoid segments 

Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Rhipidomella pecosi Marcou) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Ambocoelia planoconvexa (Shumard) var. 

Edmondia sp. 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek)? 

Aviculopecten pellucidus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad)? 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 


STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


Pottsville formation — Concluded. 


Feet 

Clay shale_ 2 

Shale, blue_ 3 

Shale, dark, fissile_\ ^ , . / _ 

Shale, black, bony....A .. 

Clay, siliceous_ 1 

Ore, siliceous_1 f __ 

Shale- > Harrison _ < __ 

Ore, siliceous_ J [ 

W averly formation 

Limestone, Maxville _ 6 












32 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


In Fall Township on land of E. G. Marshall, the Lowellville (Pov¬ 
erty Run) limestone outcrops in the bed of a small stream which flows 
from the northeast into the Licking River at Holbein. Collections of 
fossils were made from the limestone and from a dark shale at an unde¬ 
termined distance above the limestone. The geologic section here shows 
the following members (Locality 20) :*■ 


Feet Inches 


Limestone, shaly_ 

Limestone, hard, blue_♦— 

Shale, calcareous_ 

Limestone, blue, hard_. 

Coal, clay, and covered_ 

Sandstone, shaly_ 

Sandstone, massive_ 

Sandstone, shaly, with siliceous shales- 

Shale, gray_ 

Clay shale with widely spaced papery coal. 

Clay, siliceous_ 

Sandstone, massive, cross-bedded_ 

Disconformity 

Shale, calcareous_ 

Shale, hard, black, fossiliferous_I 

Limestone, gray, very fossiliferous_?■ 

Limestone, dark, carbonaceous_ J 

Shale, black, fissile, horizon Vandusen coal. 
Shale, dark, carbonaceous_ 


Lower Mercer _ 



1 

10 

5 

10 

11 

3 

5 

3 

13 

2 


7 

2 


5 
2 
4 

6 


10 

5 
4 
4 
1 

6 


The fossils listed from the limestone follow: 


Crinoid segments 

Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 


A black shale containing much carbonaceous material and layers 
of pyrite, one-eighth of an inch thick, occurs above the Lowellville 
limestone at this locality, but its exact stratigraphic position was not 
determined. The following fossils were obtained from this shale: 


Cordaites sp. 
Calamites sp. 


x Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 62, 1918. 























STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


33 


Crinoid stems 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Derby a crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Astartella sp. 

Posidonia girtyi n. sp. 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Orthoceras n. sp. 

Fish teeth 

In Madison Township this limestone occurs in several places. 
Fossils were collected from the hard limestone which outcrops along 
the east bank of the Muskingum River about one-half mile north of 
Symmes Ford. The member here is 4 inches thick, and protrudes 
prominently from the bank about 6 feet above water level. The sec¬ 
tion below was measured along the Muskingum River near Symmes 
Ford (Locality 21): 

Section along Muskingum River near Symmes Ford, Madison Town¬ 
ship, Muskingum County 


Feet 


Limestone and flint, fossiliferous, Upper Mercer _ 2 

Coal, bony, Bedford _ 

Covered_ 


1 

3 

Sandstone, shaly___ 7 

1 
1 


Lower Mercer _ 


Limestone, shaly, fossiliferous_ 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous_ 

Limestone, somewhat shaly, fossiliferous 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous_J (. 1 

Shale, dark---1_ — 

Coal, fair, Middle Mercer _ 1 

Clay, light, plastic_ 3 

Sandstone, shaly- 4 

Shale_ 7 

Limestone, dark, fossiliferous_ f __ 

Ore___r 

Limestone, dark blue, fossiliferous-1 

Covered_ 

Shale, gray_ 

Shale, dark_ 

Limestone, gray, fossiliferous, Poverty Run. 

Coal, Vandusen _ 


Inches 
- 6 


The fossils from this locality are: 

Crinoid segments 


2—G. B. 25. 
























34 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 
Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 


The member is also well exposed along Symmes Creek about one 
mile from its mouth, where it has a thickness of 6 inches, but no collec¬ 
tions of fossils were made. 


Coshocton County.—The member outcrops near the headwaters 
of Opossum Run in the southwestern part of Washington Township 
and is composed of the following strata: 1 

Feet Inches 


Ore, siliceous, sparingly fossiliferous, thickens to 8 inches in 

places__ -- 3 

Shale, gray_-1 f 1 

Shale, dark, calcareous, fossiliferous-? Poverty Run - < __ 10 

Limestone, gray, very fossiliferous- J t -- 3 

Coal, bony, Vandusen ___ 8 


Mahoning County.—The only known outcrops of Lowellville lime¬ 
stone, north of Coshocton County, are found in Mahoning. At Lo¬ 
well ville fossils were collected from the limestone and the associated 
dark shale, where they occur in great abundance and in an excellent 
state of preservation (Locality 22). The section given by Dr. New¬ 
berry in 1878 from Grindstone Run, Lowellville, follows: 2 

Section on Grindstone Run , Lowellville, Mahoning County 


Feet Inches 


Earth with drift bowlders_ __ 

Limestone ( Putnam Hill )_ 14 

Shale and sandstone_ 50 

Coal___ __ 8 

Fire clay_ 2 

Shales- 32 

Coal_ __ q 

Fire clay_ 2 

Coal_ 1 

Fire clay_ 2 

Limestone (Upper Mercer) _ 3 

Coal__ 1 3 

Fireclay_ g 

Shale and sandstone_ 36 


^tout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 64, 1918. 

2 Newberry, J S, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. Ill, opp. p. 804, 1878. The words in 
parentheses have been supplied by the writer. 






















STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


35 


Feet Inches 


Limestone ( Lower Mercer )_ 2 

Gray shale_ 20 

Coal____ _ 3 

Fire clay_ 2 

Drab shale_ 50 

Dark, siliceous limestone ( Lowellville) _ 1 

Shale_ 20 

Black shale and iron ore___ 5 

Drab shale_ 50 

Sandstone_ 15 

Mahoning River 


The fossils below were obtained from the Lowellville limestone at 
Lowellville: 

Crinoid segments 

Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Summary 

The complete list of fossils collected from the Lowellville lime¬ 
stone follows: 

Cordaites sp. 

Catamites sp. 

Crinoid segments and plates 

Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

Fenestella sp. 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Hhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 












36 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 

Ambocoelia planoconvexa (Shumard) var. 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Edmondia sp. 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek)? 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

Posidonia girtyi n. sp. 

Aviculopecten pellucidus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad)? 

Astartella sp. 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 
Orthoceras n. sp. 

Fish teeth 


BOGGS MEMBER 

Stratigraphy and Extent 

The Boggs member is the next fossiliferous horizon above the 
Lowellville limestone, and in ascending order forms the second lime¬ 
stone of the Pottsville formation. It either directly overlies the Lower 
Mercer coal (No. 3) or is separated from it by an interval of not 
more than 3 feet. In Muskingum County it is found about 20 or 25 
feet above the Lowellville limestone and about 22 feet below the Lower 
Mercer limestone. In northern Tuscarawas County the latter interval 
is increased to 34 feet, while at the southern extension in Scioto County 
the average distance between the Boggs ore and the Lower Mercer 
limestone is about 47 feet. The horizon has been traced from eastern 
Scioto, western Lawrence, and Jackson counties on the south where its 
appearance is patchy and uncertain, 1 northward through central and 
western Muskingum County where it attains its greatest thickness. 2 
It has also been observed in eastern Licking County, and has been 
recorded as far north as northern Tuscarawas County. 3 

The Boggs member varies greatly in lithologic character from place 
to place. In Scioto, Lawrence, and Jackson counties, the horizon is 
marked only by iron ore irregularly bedded in shales. It is found in 

a Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 141, 292, 567, 1916. 

2 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, pp. 70-75, 1918. 

3 Orton, Edward, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. V, p. 68, 1884. 



STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


37 


isolated patches, and varies in thickness from 1 to 6 feet in Scioto and 
Lawrence counties, with an average of 3 feet; however, in Jackson 
County only about 8 inches is present. Formerly this ore was used 
commercially to a large extent in charcoal furnaces especially in Jackson 
and Scioto counties, although at the present time it is no longer utilized 
for this purpose. Northward in Muskingum County the typical Boggs 
deposit consists of limestone, but iron ore, shales, sandstone, or flint 
may be present with the limestone or may entirely replace it. The 
limestone, where present, is often bluish-gray, very hard, and very 
fossiliferous, closely resembling the Lower Mercer limestone in litho¬ 
logic character. The fossils, although essentially similar to those of 
the Lower Mercer, are much larger and more robust in appearance. 
The member is here less than 2 feet in thickness. In Tuscarawas 
County a blue limestone was reported by Dr. Edward Orton to occur 
occasionally at what appears to be the Boggs horizon,—about 34 feet 
below the Lower Mercer member; it has a thickness of 1 foot 6 inches 
near Bolivar in the northern part of the county. Further stratigraphic 
studies may reveal the presence of the Boggs member in the counties 
to the northeast. 

Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 

Scioto County.—The following section was measured on the 
William M. Galligher farm, in the southwestern part of Section 24, 
Bloom Township. No fossils were found in the Boggs ore of southern 
Ohio, but they were discovered to be present sparingly in the shales 
associated with the ore (Locality 23). 1 


Feet Inches 


Shale_ 5 

Coal, Upper Mercer or No. 3a - 1 4 

Covered----- 54 

Sandstone, with finger coal at bottom_ 15 

Unconformity 

Shale, dark, fissile- 1 3 

Ore_1 f -- 4 

Shale_f Boggs - 1 -- 2 

Ore_ J l- 11 

Shale, blue__ 3 


The fossils collected from the dark shales on the William M. Gal¬ 
ligher farm are listed below: 

Lepidodendron sp. 

Naiadites elongata Dawson 

istout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, 1916. Geologic section 
given in part on page 568. 












38 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Along the road on the long ridge east of Pine Creek, one and one- 
half miles southeast of Lyra, Vernon Township, Lingula carbonaria 
Shumard was found in great abundance in the dark shales above the 
Lower Mercer or No. 3 coal, which occupies the Boggs ore horizon. 
The section here follows (Locality 24): 

Feet Inches 


Ore, Lower Mercer _ - - 4 

Shale and shaly sandstone- 35 2 

Shale, dark- 1 

Shale, hard, fossiliferous_ -- 1 

Coal, part bony, Lower Mercer _ 7 

Clay, siliceous_,_ 1 

Sandstone_ 10 


Jackson County.—Along the road west of Hamden in Section 13, 
Washington Township, the Boggs ore is also typically exposed. The 
section at this locality follows: 1 

Feet Inches 


Limestone, Lower Mercer ____*_ __ 10 

Clay shale_ 2 

Coal_ __ 2 

Shaly sandstone and covered_ 14 

Ore, Boggs _ __ 6 

Shale and shaly sandstone_ 3 

Sandstone_ 3 

Coal, Lower Mercer _•__ 1 1 

Clay and covered_ 


Vinton County.—At some localities in Vinton County the Boggs 
ore is well represented, although it is generally sparingly fossiliferous. 
In the black band ore, which outcrops in Spook Hollow in the bed of 
Elk Creek, one and one-half miles east of McArthur, Lingula carbonaria 
Shumard is fairly abundant. The section below was measured in 
Spook Hollow (Locality 25): 

Feet Inches 


Coal, Brookville, formerly mined_ __ 

Clay_ 1 

Flint, gray to black, Black Flint _ 1 8 

Covered_ 52 

Sandstone and covered_ 40 

Ore, black band, Boggs _ __ 3 

Coal, Lower Mercer, No. 3___ j. _ 2 


The fossils collected here are as follows: 

Plant leaves 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Fish teeth and plates 


J Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 148, 1916. 


























STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


39 


Muskingum County.—Where the Boggs member is typically de¬ 
veloped in Muskingum County, it consists o“f a limestone associated 
with or replaced by shale, flint, iron ore, or sandstone. On land of 
Della Wise, Hopewell Township, flint and iron ore mark the horizon. 1 
The limestone phase is shown on land of Delard Fink, Section 18 of 
the same township, where the following section was measured, but no 
collections were made: 2 


Section on land of Delard Fink, Hopewell Township, Muskingum 

County 

Feet Inches 


Coal, Broohrille _ __ 4 

Clay, light, part covered_ 6 4 

Sandstone, light, argillaceous_ 3 

Clay, light, siliceous_ 5 10 

Shale, dark__,_ 1 

Coal, bony, semi-cannel, Tionesta or No. 3b _ 1 

Cla 3 r and covered_ 5 

Limestone, flinty, fossiliferous, Upper Mercer _r._ -- 8 

Coal blossom, Bedford _ -- 4 

Covered___*--- 6 

Shale_"_ 6 8 

Coal, Upper Mercer , No. 3a _ -- 4 

Clay_ 1 

Sandstone_ 4 

Covered___ 3 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous- \ Lomr Mercer _ / - - 10 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous_I < 1 4 

Covered_ 10 

Shale and covered_ 14 

Limestone, blue, hard, fossiliferous __1 f -- 10 

Limestone, siliceous, ferruginous, fossil- ? Foggs -J 

iferous_J L-- 10 


On the land of 0. J. Riggle in the northeastern part of Section 18, 
Hopewell Township, the limestone is coarse and siliceous in character, 
and exceedingly fossiliferous. Extensive collections were made in the 
bed of the small stream just west of the road (Locality 26). Collect¬ 
ing is good as the fossils are abundant, well preserved, and easily ob¬ 
tained. 


Section on land of O. J. Riggle, Hopewell Township, Muskingum 

County 


Limestone, blue, hard, fossiliferous- \ Lower Mercer _<j -- 

Limestone, blue, hard, fossiliferous-' ^ 1 

Coal and shale, Middle Mercer - -- 


Feet 


Inches 


6 

6 

6 


] See page 30 of this bulletin for geologic section on land of Della Wise. 

2 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 148, in part, 1918. 




























40 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Clay and covered_ 

Shale, siliceous_ 

Coal smut, Flint Ridge _ 

Clay, flint, dark___ 

Clay, light, siliceous_ 

Sandstone, light, argillaceous_ 

Shale and covered- 

Ore, yellow, nodular___ 

Limestone, dark gray, ferruginous, very 

fossiliferous_ 

Limestone, dark gray, ferruginous, very 

fossiliferous_ 

Shale_ 

Coal, Lower Mercer _ 

Clay, light, part siliceous-- 


Boggs 


Feet 

5 

5 


14 

2 

3 

4 


1 


2 


2 


Inches 

6 

1 

4 


6 

6 

2 

3 

5 


The fossils listed below were collected from this locality: 


Crinoid segments 

Tabulipora ohioensis (Foerste) 

Orbiculoidea capulifor'mis (McChesney) 
Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 
Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Composita sp. 

Edmondia ? peroblonga Meek and Worthen? 
Edmondia sp. 

Leda prolongata n. sp. 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Aviculopinna americana Meek 
Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Schizodus amplus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad)? 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Pleurotomaria sp. 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Naticopsis altonensis (McChesney) 


















PLATE II. 



A—Boggs limestone in stream bed; Lower Mercer limestone protruding from bank. 
Blunt Run, Muskingum County (Locality 27) 



B_Boggs limestone below, with Lower Mercer limestone and Middle Mercer coal 
above. Exposure along Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad near Rock Cut, Mus¬ 
kingum Township, Muskingum County (Locality 28) 










































































STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


41 


Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Temnocheilus forbesianus (McChesney) 

In Muskingum Township along Blunt Run, a small stream which 
flows from the west into Muskingum River, the Boggs member is a 
limestone similar in lithologic character and composition to the Lower 
Mercer. The stratum is extremely fossiliferous and outcrops in the 
bed of the stream where conditions are especially good for collecting. 
The section along Blunt Run on land of Carl Crabtree follows (Lo¬ 
cality^): 


Section along Blunt Run , Muskingum Township , Muskingum 

County 


Feet 

Limestone, shaly, fossiliferous_r l 

Limestone, hard, fossiliferous_ r 

T • , ? Lower Mercer - 

Limestone, shaly, fossiliferous_ j 

Limestone, hard, fossihferous_I l 1, 

Shale with coal bands_ 

Coal, bony, Middle Mercer _ 

Sandstone___ 

Clay, siliceous_ 1 

Sandstone, shaly_ 4 

Shale, dark blue_ 7 

Ore, kidney_ 

Shale, dark, siliceous, fossiliferous_'l Boggs __ _/ 4 

Limestone, dark gray, fossiliferous_J , L 1 

Shale with thin coal bands_ __ 

Clay, light, siliceous_ 3 


Inches 

. 8 
3 
8 
6 
8 
10 
6 
10 
6 
2 

3 

2 


The collection of fossils from Blunt Run includes the following: 

Crinoid segments 

Eupachycrinus mooresi (Whitfield) 

Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Pro ductus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 


















42 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Composita sp. 

Edmondia sp. 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 

In the exposures along the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad, just 
north of Rock Cut, Muskingum Township,' the Boggs limestone is 
flinty, dark in color, with abundant fossils. The relations of the Boggs, 
Lower Mercer, and Upper Mercer limestones are exceptionally well 
shown at this locality, and collections were made from all three mem¬ 
bers (Locality 28). 

Section along the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad, just north of Rock Cut, 
Muskingum Township, Muskingum County 


Feet 

Shale_ 5 

Flint, black, fossiliferous, Upper Mercer _ 2 

Coal, with shale bands_'l Bedford _/ -- 

Coal, somewhat bony_ J L 2 

Clay, siliceous_ 1 

Sandstone, part shaly_ 7 

Sandstone, shaly_ 5 

Shale_ 1 

Limestone, shaly, fossiliferous_I f 1 

Limestone, hard, fossiliferous_?• Lower Mercer -J ^ 

Limestone, hard, fossiliferous_J [ 1 

Shale, dark_ 

Shale, with bony coal-1 Middle Mercer... / -- 

Coal, bony___ f \ i 

Clay_ 4 

Shale, dark gray, siliceous___ 6 

Limestone, flinty, dark, fossiliferous, Boggs _ 

Coal, Lower Mercer _•_ 

Clay, light, siliceous_ 3 


Inches 


10 

4 

6 

3 


10 

8 


The list of fossils which were collected from the Boggs limestone 
along the railroad cut is given below: 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 






















STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


43 


Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

‘Composita sp. 

Myalina pernafo.rmis Cox 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

The Boggs limestone also outcrops along Symines Creek in Madison 
Township. At the crossroads, 2 miles from the place where the creek 
empties into the Muskingum River and a short distance from the 
mouth of North Branch, the dark, ferruginous limestone is exposed in 
the bed of the creek where good collecting material is furnished. The 
section near the crossroads follows (Locality 29) i 1 

Section along Symmes Creek , Madison Township , Muskingum County 


Limestone, shaly-“l 

Limestone, hard-I Lower Mercer 

Limestone, shaly-[ 

Limestone, hard - --J 

Shale, dark- 

Coal, bony--- 

Covered--- 

Limestone, dark, fossiliferous, Boggs - 

Clay-- 

Covered-.:- 

Sandstone, shaly- 

Shale, gray, siliceous- 

Limestone, fossiliferous, gray, Poverty Run - 

Shale, dark___- 

Coal, Vandusen - 

The fossils collected from the Boggs limestone along Symmes 
Creek are listed below: 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

iStout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 64, 1918. 


Inches 

8 

10 

8 

6 

6 

6 

4 

8 


















44 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Schizodus amplus Meek and Worthen 

The Boggs member occurs as an iron ore on the ridges north of 
Frazeysburg in Jackson Township. 

Licking County.—The Boggs limestone extends westward from 
Muskingum County into Licking. Isolated patches of cherty limestone 
from 3 inches to 1 foot in thickness were observed at several places 
along the ridges south of Toboso and north of Black Run. In a few 
localities the limestone is replaced by siliceous iron ore. 

Tuscarawas County.—The blue limestone reported by Dr. Edward 
Orton, 2 miles northwest of Bolivar in northern Tuscarawas County on 
the farm of Joseph Hair and elsewhere in the county, belongs undoubt¬ 
edly to the Boggs horizon. The geologic section northwest of Bolivar 
is given below: 1 

Section northwest of Bolivar on land of Joseph Hair , Tuscarawas County 


Feet Inches 


1. Gray or Putnam Hill limestone _ 2 

2. Concealed_ 25 

fCoal, 1 ft. 8 in._I 

3. < Slate, 9 in.- > Tionesta (No. 3b)~ 4 9 

fCoal, 2 ft. 4 in. _J 

4. Concealed_ 15 

5. Dark-blue limestone , Upper Mercer_ 3 

6. Coal, thin, 4 to 6 in._ __ 6 

7. Concealed_ 30 

8. Blue limestone, Lower Mercer_ 4 

9. Dark shale_ 2 

10. Coal, thin____ 

11. Dark shale_ 2 

12. Fire clay_ 6 

13. Concealed-'_ 20 

14. Blue limestone (occurs occasionally at this horizon), 

Boggs - 1 6 

15. Concealed to canal_ 15 


Summary 

The Boggs member, although occurring in patches, has been traced 
from the Ohio River as far north as Tuscarawas County. In Muskin¬ 
gum County it is the second fossiliferous limestone in the Pottsville 

^Orton, Edward, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. V, p. 68,1884. The word Boggs has been 
supplied by the writer. 




















STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


45 


formation, and where characteristically developed, is less than 2 feet 
in thickness, hard, blue, and fossiliferous, closely resembling the Lower 
Mercer limestone, from which it is separated by an interval of about 
22 feet. It is notably variable in character, however, and may be 
interbedded with or replaced by flint, shale, sandstone, or iron ore. 
North of Frazeysburg it is entirely replaced by iron ore, while in Tus¬ 
carawas County, it is represented by limestone. In southern Ohio the 
Boggs member is an iron ore varying in thickness from 6 inches to 6 
feet. It is of good quality, and was formerly mined for smelting in 
the old charcoal furnaces. 

A list of the fossils collected from the Boggs member follows: 

Plant leaves 
Lepidodendron sp. 

Crinoid segments 

Eupachycrinus mooresi (Whitfield) 

Tabulipora ohioensis (Foerste) 

Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

Septopora biserialis. (Swallow) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Orbiculoidea capuliformis (McChesney) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Composita sp. 

Edmondia peroblonga Meek and Worthen 
Edmondia sp. 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Leda prolongata n. sp. 

Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Aviculopinna americana Meek 
Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Naiadites elongata Dawson 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 
Schizodus amplus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 


46 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Schizodus wheeled Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Deltopecten scalads (Herdck) 

Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard) 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 
Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad)? 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 
Pleurotomaria sp. 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Naticopsis altonensis (McChesney) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 
Temnocheilus forbesianus (McChesney) 

Fish teeth and plates 


LOWER MERCER LIMESTONE 

Historical Review 

The Lower Mercer limestone received its name from outcrops 2 
feet in thickness in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, which were first 
described by H. D. Rogers in 1858. 1 In 1878 I. C. White and other 
workers of the Second Pennsylvania Geological Survey made constant 
use of the term. The stratum was also early recognized by the first 
geologists of Ohio, among whom was Professor E. B. Andrews, who re¬ 
ferred to it simply as the Blue limestone. In 1878 Dr. Newberry gave 
the name Zoar limestone to exposures of hard, blue, fossiliferous lime¬ 
stone near the village of Zoar in the northern part of Tuscarawas County. 2 
The term Zoar limestone was later employed by Dr. Edward Orton 
who described it in the Hanging Rock District, 3 and it was so used in 
some of the later reports of the Geological Survey of Ohio. However, 
in 1884 Dr. Orton correlated it with the Lower Mercer limestone of 
Pennsylvania, and at the present time the term Lower Mercer is uni¬ 
versally accepted. 4 


Stratigraphy and Extent 

The Lower Mercer is the third member of the series of marine 
limestones occurring in the Pennsylvanian system, and is the next fos¬ 
siliferous horizon above the Boggs where the latter is present. It is 
the most persistent stratum and has the most extensive outcrop of any 

Rogers, H. D., Geol. of Pennsylvania, Vol. II, Pt. 1., p. 476, 1858. 

2 Newberry, J. S., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. II, section opp. p. 81; pp. 81-180 1874; 
Vol. Ill, p. 60, 1878. pp f , PP- iou, 

3 Orton, Edward, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. Ill, pp. 891, 892, 1878. 

4 Orton, Edward, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. V, pp. 13, 14, 1884. 



STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


47 


of the members of the Pottsville formation, as it enters southern Ohio 
from Kentucky and extends northward across the state, being present 
in every county where the Pottsville occurs, and finally extends across 
the Ohio-Pennsylvania bolder line from Mahoning County. It is 
found in the following counties beginning at the Ohio River,—Lawrence, 
Scioto, Jackson, Vinton, Hocking, Perry, Muskingum, Licking, Coshoc¬ 
ton, Tuscarawas, Holmes, Wayne, Stark, Summit, Portage, Mahoning, 
and Columbiana. On account of its wonderful persistence it forms an 
extremely valuable horizon for stratigraphic and correlative purposes. 

The Lower Mercer limestone occurs above a thin but rather per¬ 
sistent bed of coal, known as the Middle Mercer coal, and is either 
directly overlain by an iron ore, designated as the Lower Mercer or 
Little Red Block, or is separated from it by an interval of only a few 
feet. The ore is fossiliferous but to a much less extent than the lime¬ 
stone; the faunas of the two horizons, however, are practically the 
same, indicating a marine origin for the ore and conditions of deposi¬ 
tion similar to those under which the limestone was deposited. 

Outcrop in Southern Ohio.—In southern Ohio the Lower Mercer 
member is a hard, tough, dark blue or almost black limestone, with 
thick or thin layers which are often shaly in character. In Scioto and 
Lawrence counties the limestone measures 1 foot in thickness; north¬ 
ward in Jackson County two benches are present, each 1 foot thick, 
separated by about 2 feet of black shale. In Vinton, Hocking, and 
Perry counties similar conditions exist, and the two benches together 
with the intervening shales attain a thickness of 5 feet. Dr. Edward 
Orton, in his description of the Hanging Rock District in Lawrence 
and Scioto counties, describes the member thus: 1 “The color of the 

limestone is dark-blue. In thickness it occasionally rises to 10 feet, 

but it, as often, shrinks to 10 inches. The usual measure for it in the 
district is from 1 to 3 feet. It is generally shaly in structure, at 
least for a part of the stratum. It does not lie in massive or even 
beds, and does not endure weather well.” 

The limestone is everywhere fossiliferous, but at some localities 
fossils are present in extreme abundance. The soft black shales which 
occur between the benches or on top of the limestone are especially 
fossiliferous and afford excellent collecting. The fauna is everywhere 
characterized by a richness of large crinoid stems. 

Outcrop in East-Central Ohio.—In east-central Ohio the Lower 
Mercer limestone also foims the most persistent and well marked 
stratigraphic unit of the Pottsville formation. It is particularly well 
developed in western Muskingum County as far east as Zanesville and 
in the adjoining parts of Licking County. Thence the deposit ex¬ 
tends northward into Coshocton, Tuscarawas, Holmes, and Wayne 
counties. The average thickness in Muskingum County is'3 feet 7 

iOrton, Edward, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. Ill, p. 891, 1878. 




48 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


inches, although the member may vary from 1 to 20 feet in different 
places; the same thickness is found in Licking County where the stratum 
is excellently developed along Flint Ridge, Hopewell Township. 1 In 
southern Coshocton County in Opossum Hollow 4 feet is present 
which is the same thickness found at Bolivar in the northern part of 
Tuscarawas County near the type locality for the “Zoar limestone.” 
The stratum consists of very hard, blue to black limestone which may 
or may not be interbedded with or replaced by impure shaly limestone 
and black calcareous shale. At some localities the hard, blue lime¬ 
stone consists of only one layer about a foot in thickness, while at 
others two or more layers are present, separated by calcareous shale or 
impure shaly limestone. The hard, blue limestone varies in composi¬ 
tion from place to place, often becoming ferruginous and siliceous in 
character; chert nodules are not an uncommon constituent. In a few 
localities, especially in Newton Township, Muskingum County, the 
member is entirely replaced by sandstone. The geologic sections from 
the counties in the central part of the Lower Mercer outcrop in Ohio, 
given later in the discussion, will show the relation of the hard, blue 
limestone to the impure, shaly limestone and the dark calcareous shales, 
as well as local variations in thickness. 

As in southern Ohio the stratum is extremely fossiliferous, especially 
the dark shales and impure shaly limestones, which contain a profusion 
of species as well as of individuals. The fauna consists largely of 
brachiopods and pelecypods. The black calcareous shales overlying 
the limestone furnish easy and profitable collecting, as is also the case 
along weathered outcrops of the impure shaly limestone which splits 
up easily into thin layers upon exposure, revealing a wealth of fossils 
between the layers. The hard, blue limestone, although fairly fossil¬ 
iferous, does not afford such good collecting on account of its extreme 
hardness; its fauna is largely one of brachiopods and large crinoid 
stems which often attain a diameter of almost an inch. 

Outcrop in Northeastern Ohio.—In northeastern Ohio, including 
Stark, Summit, Portage, and Mahoning counties, the Lower Mercer 
member is present also with great persistence. Where characteris¬ 
tically developed it consists of two layers or benches of hard, tough, 
blue to black limestone generally without shaly partings between them. 
However, a layer of black shale is usally present beneath the limestone. 
In thickness the member varies from 1 to 3 feet in Stark County, 
but it becomes more massive in Mahoning County where it shows an 
average depth of 3 feet. The upper layer is as a rule much thicker than 
the lower and often becomes flinty toward the top; it is likewise spar¬ 
ingly fossiliferous. The thin lower layer possesses an abundance of 
animal remains, while the black shales below the limestone are also 
extremely rich in fossils. The faunal content is similar to that in the 
'Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, pp. 82-90, 1918. 



STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


49 


other parts of the State, large crinoid stems everywhere characterizing 
the deposit. 1 

Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 

Lawrence County.—The Lower Mercer limestone is present in the 
western part of Lawrence County where it is reported to be fossilifer- 
ous. No fossils, however, were collected from the county, but an ex¬ 
cellent specimen of Metacoceras pottsvillensis n. sp.—in the Geological 
Museum of The Ohio State University—was obtained from the member 
near Hanging Rock in the southeastern part of Hamilton Township 
(Locality 30). 

Scioto County.—About four miles south of Lyra in the extreme 
southeastern corner of Vernon Township, the Lower Mercer limestone 
is exposed on land of Edward Toffins in the field east of the road, about 
100 feet above the base of the hill (Locality 31). The stratum at this 
locality is light buff in color and somewhat siliceous and ferruginous in 
composition. Fossils occur abundantly between the layers, and differ 
from the general type of Lower Mercer forms in being larger and more 
robust. The section measured at this point follows: 

• Feet Inches 


Limestone, fossiliferous, Ferriferous _ 4 

Covered_ 60 

Sandstone, massive__ 55 

Covered__ 10 

Sandstone, massive_ 20 

Shale_ 1 6 

Coal , Upper Mercer, No. 3a-- _ 1 6 

Covered_ 28 8 

Limestone, ferruginous, very fossiliferous, Lower Mercer _ 1 

Covered___—... 4 

Sandstone_ 2 


The fossils listed below were collected from this locality: 

Crinoid segments 

Archaeocidaris spines 

Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

Fenestella, two or more species, undetermined 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 

Tamb, G. F., Pennsylvanian Limestones of Northeastern Ohio below the Lower 
Kittanning Coal, Ohio Naturalist, Vol. 10, March, 1910, pp. 89-135. 














50 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Derbya robusta (Hall) 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather 

Aulacorhynchus millepunctatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 
Allerisma terminale Hall 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwood and Pratten 
Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Jackson County.—In the eastern part of Section 10, Coal Town¬ 
ship, the Lower Mercer member outcrops in several places. The 
accompanying geologic section, which also includes the Lower Mercer 
or Little Red Block .ore, was measured in the hollow east of Grace 
mine (Locality 11). 

Section measured in the hollow east of Grace Mine , Coal Township, 

Jackson County 


Ore, Upper Mercer _ 

Covered___ 

Coal blossom____ 

Clay shale_ 

Shale and. covered__ 

Clay shale_______ 

Sandstone, shaly_:_ 

Shale and covered_____ 

Coal____ 

Clay_:____ 

Shale___ 

Ore, Lower Mercer ___ 

Shale_ 

Covered_^____;_ 

Shale, blue_ 

Limestone, gray, fossiliferous_1 

Shale, dark, fossiliferous_ > Lower Mercer _ 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous_J 


F§et 


10 


2 

11 

2 

7 

8 


2 

4 


3 

- 5 


5 



Inches 

4 


6 

6 


5 

3 

11 

10 




















STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


51 


Feet Inches 


Covered___•__ 9 

Coal, cannel_ __ g 

Covered_ 1 g 

Shaft_ 97 

Coal, Quakertown or No. 2 _ 3 


A small collection of fossils was made: 

Crinoid segments 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Fossils were collected in Section 18, Milton Township, from ex¬ 
posures of Lower Mercer limestone in the private lane near the level 
of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, Portsmouth Branch, 
just north of Hoganville School (Locality 32). The geologic section 


here follows: 1 

Feet Inches 

Allegheny formation: 

Limestone, flinty, Vanport _ 3 

Shale, black, fissile_ 2 

Coal and partings, Clarion __ 4 

Clay and covered_ 13 

Pottsville formation: 

Sandstone-- 9 

Covered_ 10 

Sandstone_ 12 

Shale_ 1 6 

Ore, Upper Mercer _ - - 3 

Clay, light_ 1 3 

Sandstone_ 1 

Covered_ 5 

Ore, Sand Block _ -- 4 

Sandstone, ferruginous- -- 8 

Sandstone, soft___ 10 

Covered_ 5 

Sandstone_ H 

Clay,.light_ 2 


1 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 150, 1916. 


























52 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Pottsville formation — Concluded. 

Sandstone, shaly_ 

Sandstone, coarse grained_ 

Shale_ 

Limestone, dark, fossiliferous, Lower Mercer. 

Shale, dark_ 

Shale and covered_ 

Level of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad tracks. 


Feet 

3 

5 

1 

1 

2 

11 


Inches 

6 

6 


The fossils listed below were obtained from this locality: 

Crinoid segments 
Fenestella sp. 

Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Prodiictus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 


A collection of fossils was also obtained from outcrops in the road, 
Section 13, Washington Township, about one mile west of Hamden, 
where the member has a thickness of about 10 inches (Locality 33). 
The geologic section below shows the relation of the Lower Mercer 
limestone to the Boggs ore below and to the Lower Mercer or Little 


Red Block ore above: 


Feet 

Ore_1 f 

Shale- > Lower Mercer _ < 1 

Ore_ _ J [ - 

Shale, very fossiliferous_ 1 

Shale_ 2 

Limestone, Lower Mercer _ 

Clay shale_ 2 

Coal____ 

Shaly sandstone and covered_ 14 

Ore, Boggs _._ 


Inches 

3 

10 

6 

1 

10 

2 

6 



















STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


53 


The following fossils were obtained here: 

Crinoid segments 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Vinton County. —Excellent collecting is found in the dark, ex¬ 
tremely fossiliferous shales which outcrop in Rock Hollow, western 
part of Section 33, Elk Township, where the following geologic section 
was measured (Locality 34): 

Feet Inches 

Limestone, gray_____ __ 10 

Shale, gray____ 2 6 

Shale, dark, very fossiliferous-1 Lawer Mercer / - - 6 

Limestone, gray, very fossiliferous_J L __ 6 

The following fossils were collected: 

Plantae 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 

Posidonia girtyi n. sp. (abundant) 

Posidonia vintonensis n. sp. (very abundant) 

Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Pleurophorella sesquiplicata Price 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) » 

Hocking County. —The two benches of the Lower Mercer with its 
normal thickness are well shown near the plant of the Union Furnace 
Brick Co., Section 23, Starr Township, about three-fourths mile 
south of Union Furnace. No collections of fossils were made, but the 
geologic section below was measured: 

Feet Inches 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous_1 f 1 5 

Shale __ > Lower Mercer _ i __ 1 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous-J l* 2 2 









54 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Feet Inches 


Shale_-_ - 2 

Coal, bony, Middle Mercer _ -- 7 

Clay, light__ 0 

Sandstone, light, argillaceous_ 1 5 

Coal, impure, Flint Ridge _ __ 3 

Clay, light.._-_ 5 6 


Perry County. —The Lower Mercer limestone is well developed in 
Perry County, but varies greatly in thickness from place to place. 
The following geologic sections show the character of the member and 
its relation to the overlying and underlying deposits: 


Section 11 , Clayton Township: 

Feet Inches 


Limestone, flinty, ferruginous, Upper Mercer _ 2 6 

Shale_ 1 6 

Coal, bony, Bedford _ __ 8 

Covered_ 5 

Limestone, Lower il/ercer_ 1 

Coal blossom, Middle Mercer _ 1 


Section 23, Hopewell Township: 


Feet 


Limestone, shaly, very fossiliferous LmJer 
Limestone, blue, hard, fossiliferous__J 

Coal blossom, Middle Mercer _ 

Clay, siliceous__ 10 



Inches 

2 

3 


Section 17, Monday Creek Township, west of Maxville: 


Feet Inches 

Limestone, very fossiliferous, Lower Mercer ___ 7 

Coal blossom, Middle Mercer _ __ 6 

Clay- 1 6 

Shale, sandstone, and covered_ 69 

Coal, shaly, Bear Run _ __ 4 

Clay, light- 2 8 

Sandstone, shale, and covered_ 27 

Clay, Sciotoville _ 3 2 

Sandstone_ 2 

Covered_ 3 

Limestone, Maxville _ 4 


The collection of fossils listed below was obtained in Section 10, 
Reading Township, from the very fossiliferous shales above the Lower 
Mercer limestone in the cut of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at Som¬ 
erset, and from the roadbed about one-half mile south of Somerset 
(Locality 35) 

iThese fossils are among the paleontological collections at Western Reserve 
University. They were collected by Mr. Eber Hyde, of Lancaster, and were made 
available to the writer for study through the kindness of his son, Professor Jesse E. 
Hyde, of Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio. 




























STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


55 


Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Eupachycrinus mooresi (Whitfield), plates and spines 
Crinoid segmen ts 

Archaeocidaris spines 

Tabulipora ohioensis (Foerste) 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Polypora fastuosa Foerste 
Fenestellids undetermined 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Lingula kanawhensis Price 
Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Crania modesta White and St. John 
Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula symmetricus (McChesney) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Edmondia anodontoides (Meek)? 

Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek 
Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen 
Nucula parva McChesney 
Nuculopsis vertricosa (Hall) 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Leda prolongata n. sp. 

Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Par&llelodon obsoletus (Meek) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 
Aviculopinna americana Meek 
Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Pseudomonotis sp. 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Schizodus cuneatus Meek 
Schizodus mooresi Miller? 

Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 


56 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 
Allerisma terminale Hall 
Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella compacta Girty 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella newberryi Meek 
Astartella varica McChesney 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Plagioglypta prosseri n. sp. 

Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen 
Pharkidonotus percarinalus (Conrad) 

Pharkidcnotus percarmatus var. tricarinatus (Shumard) 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 

Phanerotrema grayvillense (Norwood and Pratten) 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Naticopsis altonensis (McChesney) 

Zygopleura plenum (Herrick)? 

Zygopleura plicata (Whitfield) 

Bulimorpha inornata (Meek and Worthen)? 

Sphaerodoma brevis (White) 

Sphaerodoma fusiformis (Hall)? 

Sphaerodoma klipparti '(Meek) 

Sphaerodoma newberryi. (Stevens) 

Sphaerodoma primigenia (Conrad) 

Sphaerodoma regularis (Cox) 

Orthoceras isogramma Meek 
Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Phillipsia sangamonensis Meek and Worthen 

Muskingum County.—The Lower Mercer member attains its maxi¬ 
mum thickness in Licking and Muskingum counties. In Newton 
Township in the latter county the limestone is in places replaced by 
sandstone. Fossils were collected along a small tributary of Jonathan 
Creek, in the northeastern part of Section 20, about one mile south of 
White Cottage. Here the upper stratum of the member is a light, 
bluish-gray shale which contains small brachiopod shells, Marginifera 
muricala var. missouriensis Girty and M. wabashensis (Norwood and 
Pratten) in extreme abundance. Below the shale there occur two 
benches of hard, fossiliferous limestone. Collections were made from 
both the hard limestone and the overlying shale. The geologic section 
at this locality is given below (Locality 36): 


STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


57 


Section along a small tributary of Jonathan Creek near White Cottage , 
Newton Township, Muskingum County 


Allegheny formation: Feet 

Shale, rather fossiliferous_ 7 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous, Putnam Hill _ 

Shale, siliceous, fossiliferous--_ 5 

Pottsville formation: 

Sandstone, thin bedded.__ 20 

Covered_ 30 

Shale, siliceous_ 14 

Clay shale, black--- __ 

Clay shale, gray_ __ 

Sandstone, nodular, very fossiliferous_ __ 

Covered_ __ 

Shale, dark, calcareous, very fossiliferous- 2 

Shale, bony-- __ 

Coal_ -- 

Sandstone and covered_ 12 

Clay shale, bluish gray, very fossil¬ 
iferous - 1 

Limestone, nodular, very fossiliferous ■ Lower Mercer -• 2 

Clay shale, bluish gray- 2 

Limestone, fossiliferous- l -- 

Shale, black----- 

Coal, cannel, Middle Mercer -:- -- 

Clay_ 3 


Inches 


3 

11 

3 

9 
2 
2 

10 


4 
10 
10 

2 

3 

5 


The following collections were made: 

FOSSILS FROM THE HARD LIMESTONE 


Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

FOSSILS FROM THE SOFT SHALE ABOVE THE LIMESTONE 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella shumard i Prout? 

Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Crania modesta White and St. John 
Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 


























58 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Nuculopsis ventricosa (Hall) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Lima retifera Shumard 
Allerisma terminale Hall 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella varica McChesney 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

Pleurotomaria newportensis White 

In Washington Township, one mile east of Gilbert, the hard, blue 
Lower Mercer limestone is exposed in the bed of Blount Run. The 
extreme hardness of the limestone, however, renders collecting very 
difficult. The Blount Run section is given below (Locality 37): 

Section along Blount Run , Washington Township , Muskingum County 


Feet 

Sandstone, massive_ 30 

Flint, black fossiliferous-\ y Mercer _ _J - 

Limestone, fossiliferous_ J L __ 

Shale___•____ 

Coal_ ] r 

Shale--- Bedford _J __ 

Coal, bony_J [ 

Clay- __ 

Covered_ 6 

Sandstone, shaly_ 7 

Limestone, shaly, fossiliferous_'j r 1 

Limestone, hard, blue, fossiliferous_ \ T ** 

' > Lower Mercer _^ 

Limestone, hard, blue, fossiliferous_J l 1 

Shale, with coal bands_ 

Coal, bony, Middle Mercer _ 

Clay, siliceous_ 1 

Sandstone, shaly_ 5 


Inches 

6 

8 

2 

3 
1 
8 

4 


11 

7 
2 
6 
4 

8 






















STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


59 


The fossils listed below were collected from the hard limestone: 


Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Fossils were also obtained from outcrops of Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone in a small ravine on the east side of the Muskingum River op¬ 
posite Ellis where the following geologic section was measured (Locality 


38): 


Feet Inches 
1 2 


Coal, good, Upper Mercer. 

Clay_ 

Shale, siliceous- 

Limestone, shaly_ 

Limestone, hard_ 

Shale_ 

Limestone, hard_ 


1 4 


10 6 



7 
2 

8 


The collection of fossils from this locality includes the following 
forms: 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Leda meekana Mark 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 










60 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Lima retifera Shumard 
Allerisma terminale Hall 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus var. tricarinatus (Shumard) 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

Trepospira depressa (Cox) 

Trachydomia sp. 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

In the ravine of another small stream flowing from the east into 
the Muskingum River, about one mile north of the above locality, only 
a few forms were collected from the hard, blue limestone, although 
abundant remains were obtained from the soft, gray shale which over- 
lies the limestone (Locality 39). The forms listed below were fouhd: 

FOSSILS FROM THE LOWER MERCER LIMESTONE 
Crinoid segments 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Posidonia sp. 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

FOSSILS FROM THE SHALE ABOVE THE LIMESTONE 
Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments—very abundant 
Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Allerisma terminale Hall 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 



STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


61 


A small collection was made from loose blocks of limestone which 
had fallen from place in the walls of a small ravine by the side of the road 
just east of the Muskingum River and opposite Rock Cut (Locality 40). 

Crinoid segments—very abundant 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 


About one-fourth mile north of Locality 40, an excellent outcrop 
occurs in the bed of a small stream flowing from the east into the Mus¬ 
kingum River, which affords one of the best collecting places for Lower 
Mercer fossils which was found. The stream forms a small waterfall 
over hard limestone, about 1 foot thick, above and below which 
occurs soft, black, extremely fossiliferous shale. These shales are com¬ 
posed of a mass of crushed and macerated animal remains among which 
a few species of brachiopods and crinoid stems predominate. Col¬ 
lections were made from both the limestone and shales (Locality 41). 


FOSSILS FROM THE BLACK CARBONACEOUS SHALE BELOW THE LIMESTONE 


Plantae—abundant 


Crinoid segments 


Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera mpricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 



Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Astartella varica McChesney 

FOSSILS FROM THE LOWER MERCER LIMESTONE 


Crinoid segments 

Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 



62 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Schizodus mooresi Miller? 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Allerisma terminale Hall 

FOSSILS FROM THE BLACK CARBONACEOUS SHALE ABOVE THE LIMESTONE 
Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

In Madison Township excellent outcrops of Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone occur in the banks of Symmes Creek just east of the crossroads 
and two miles from the mouth of the stream. Large blocks of extremely 
fossiliferous, blue limestone have fallen from position in the valley 
walls into the stream bed, and on the weathered surface large brachio- 
pods and crinoid stems protrude (Locality 29). The species found 
are listed below: 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

Pinnatopora whitii Foerste 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 


STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


63 


Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Entolium aviculatli's (Swallow) 

Allerisma terminale Hall 
Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 

Naticopsis ventricosus (Norwood and Pratten) 

Sphaerodoma ventricosa (Hall) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Endolobus (Temnocheilus ?) ortoni (Whitfield) ? 

Epphipioceras sp. 

A collection of fossils also from Madison Township in the vicinity 
of Adams Mills was borrowed for study from the Geological Museum 
of The Ohio State University, and includes tire following forms (Lo¬ 
cality 42): 

Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Myalina recurvirostris var. sinuosa n. var. 

Pleurophorella costata (Meek and Worthen) 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

In Section 20, Muskingum Township, the Lower Mercer member 
outcrops in the bed of Blunt Run where it is represented by two layers 
of hard limestone separated by dark, shaly, very fossiliferous limestone. 
The locality is one of the best for collecting purposes as it is easily ac¬ 
cessible and the fossils abundant and can be obtained without diffi¬ 
culty (Locality 27). The character of the deposit is shown in the 
following geologic section: 

Feet Inches 

Limestone, shaly, fossiliferous-'j 

Limestone, hard, *fossiliferous- \ Lower Mercer 

Limestone, shaly, fossiliferous-| 

Limestone, hard, fossiliferous-J 

Shale, with coal bands- 

Coal, bony, Middle Mercer - 










64 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


The collections listed below were made at Blunt Run: 

FOSSILS FROM THE LOWER MERCER LIMESTONE 
Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

Polypora sp. 

Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Naticopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen) 

Orthoceras sp. 

Endolobus (Temnocheilus?) ortoni (Whitfield) 

FOSSILS FROM THE SHALE ABOVE THE LIMESTONE 

Lophopyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 

Spirifer opimus Hall 


PLATE III. 



A—Lower Mercer limestone along Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad near Rock Cut, 
Muskingum Township. Muskingum County (Locality 28) 



B—Lower Mercer limestone in bed of Licking River at Zanesville, Muskingum 

County 























































































. 




































































































































STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


65 




Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Schizodus wheeled Swallow 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Allerisma terminate Hall 
Astartella varica McChesney 

Euphemus nodccarinatus (Hall) 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 

Exposures, which also furnish excellent collecting, are found along 
the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad embankment north of Rock 
Cut. In the same locality the Boggs and Upper Mercer members 
both are present, and the relation between the three strata can be 
seen to the best advantage (Locality 28) A The fossils listed below 
were obtained: 

Plantae 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

Polypora sp. 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen), 

Pustula pertenuis (Meek) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek 
Posidonia sp. 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten sorer Herrick 
Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

x See geologic section under discussion of the Boggs member, p. 42. 

3—G. B. 25. 



66 POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 
Allerisma terminale Hall 
Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Astartella compacta Girty 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella newberryi Meek 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus var. tricarinatus (Shumard) 

Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 

In the vicinity of Frazeysburg, Cass Township, the Lower Mercer 
member outcrops in many places. A particularly good locality for 
collecting occurs in the southeastern part of the township about three 
miles southeast of Frazeysburg in the road bed on land of J. F. Shaw. 
The deposit here is flinty in character with impure, shaly, extremely 
fossiliferous limestone overlying the flinty phase. The geologic sec¬ 
tion measured at this place follows (Locality 43) d 

Feet Inches 

Limestone, shaly, very fossiliferous-1 £ ow;er Mercer _/ 4 6 


Limestone, flinty, very fossiliferous-1 k 6 6 

Coal, Middle Mercer - -- 8 

Shale and covered- 13 4 

Limestone, dark gray, Boggs - 1 10 


A large number of species were collected and were identified as 
follows: 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Chainodictyon laxum Foerste 
Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Polypora fastuosa Foerste 
Pinnatopora whitii Foerste 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Rhombopora multipora Foerste 
Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Glossina waverlyensis (Herrick) 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Crania modesta White and St. John 
Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 


^tout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 88, 1918. 








STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen 
Edmondia anodontoides (Meek)? 

Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek 
Edmondia meekiana (Herrick)? 

Edmondia gibbosa (McCoy) 

Edmondia reflexa Meek 
Nucula parva McChesney 
Nuculopsis ventricosa (Hall) 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Leda meekana Mark 
Yoldia stevensoni Meek 
Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 
Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 
Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Pseudomonotis sp. 

Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Aviculopecten sorer Herrick 
Deltopecten occidentals (Shumard) 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 
Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Entolium attenuatum Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 
Posidonia ? acosta (Cox) ? 

Allerisma terminale Hall 
Pleurophorella costata (Meek and Worthen) 
Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus oblongus Meek 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella newberryi Meek 
Astartella varica McChesney 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Plagioglypta meekana (Geinitz) 

Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen 


68 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

Trepospira depressa (Cox) 

Pleurotomaria ornatiformis n. sp.? 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Naticopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen) 

Sphaerodoma klipparti (Meek) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Phillipsia sangamonensis Meek and Worthen 
Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 

In the northern part of Cass Township, Section 5, a small collec¬ 
tion of fossils was made from outcrops in the ravine east of the north 
and south road about one mile south of the Muskingum County line 
(Locality 44): 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 
Posidonia ? acosta' (Cox) ? 

Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella newberryi Meek 
Astartella varica McChesney 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

In Jackson Township excellent exposures of Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone are present in the vicinity of Fairview School, three miles north- 


STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


69 


west of Frazeysburg. Fossils occur in great profusion in the shaly 
layers above the hard limestone, and good collecting is afforded at 
several localities. Fossils were obtained in Section 7, where the deposit 
is found in the roadbed, one-half mile southeast of the schoolhouse. 
The geologic section measured here follows (Locality 45): 

Feet Inches 

Limestone, shaly, very fossiliferous. Lower Mercer / 4 6 

Limestone, hard, fossiliferous_I V 1 6 


Clay, shale, and covered_ 20 

Covered_ 13 

Coal blossom, Lower Mercer _ % 


The fossils identified from this locality are as follows: 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Tabulipora ohioensis (Foerste) 

Chainodictyon laxum Foerste 
Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Fenestella remota Foerste 
Polypora fastuosa Foerste 
Pinnatopora whitii Foerste 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Rhombopora multipora Foerste 
Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Marginifera muricata var. misst uriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) « 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen 
Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen 
Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek 
Nucula parva McChesney 
Leda bellistriata Stevens 







70 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Leda meekana Mark 
Leda prolongata n. sp. 

Yoldia stevensoni Meek 
Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Aviculopecten sorer Herrick 
Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Entohum attenuatum Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 

Allerisma terminate Hall 

Pleurophorella costata (Meek and Worthen) 

Pleurophorella geinitzi (Meek) 

Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella newberryi Meek _ 

Astartella varica McChesney 

«> 

Plagioglypta prosseri n. sp. 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

Naticopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen) 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Zygopleura plenum (Herrick) ? 

Spbaerodoma fusiformis (Hall) ? 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 

Licking County.—The Lower Mercer member extends westward in 
Licking County, where at its extreme limit it is found on the top of 
Bald Knob, one of the highest hills of that vicinity, located about two 
miles southeast of Newark. The limestone is thus described by Miss 
Mark in her report on the Mercer limestone in the Newark-Zanesville 
region: 1 “The top of the hill is covered with broken blocks of dark 
blue, very fossiliferous limestone which weathers into somewhat shaly 
fragments. None of the limestone is in place, and the heaviest block 
measured eight inches in thickness. A small proportion of these frag¬ 
ments are less shaly and when weathered are buff in color and much 


x Mark, C. G., Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. XVI, p. 271, 1911. 



STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


71 


lighter in weight than the shaly dark blue limestone. They are ex¬ 
tremely fossiliferous, but the fossils are, as a rule, not so well preserved 
as in the blue limestone.” The species listed below were collected 
from loose blocks on the hilltop (Locality 46): 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Polypora fastuosa Foerste 
Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Streblotrypa merceri n. sp. 

Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Rhipidomella pecosi (Marou) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Derbya robusta (Hall) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula per tenuis (Meek) ? 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen 
Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek 
Edmondia meekiana (Herrick) ? 

Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen 
Nucula beyrichi von Schauroth 
Nucula elongata n. sp. ? 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Leda meekana Mark 
Yoldia stevensoni Meek 
Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 


72 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Schizodus cuneatus Meek 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Aviculopecten sorer Herrick 
Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard) 

Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Entolium attenuatum Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 
Allerisma terminate Hall 
Pleurophorella geinitzi (Meek) 

Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus spinulosa n. sp. 

Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella compacta Girty 
Astartella newberryi Meek 
Astartella varica McChesney 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Plagioglypta prosseri n. sp. 

Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen 
Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Prat ten) 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

Naticopsis altonensis (McChesney) 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Hemizyga sp. undescribed * 

Sphaerodoma klipparti (Meek) 

Sphaerodoma regularis (Cox) ? 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Phillipsia sangamonensis Meek and Worthen 
Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 

The Lower Mercer limestone is exposed along Flint Ridge which 
is located for the most part in Hopewell Township, Licking County, 
although it also extends eastward into Muskingum County. Fossils, 
which occur in great abundance wherever the member is present, were 
collected at several localities. A large number of species were found at 
the old cannel coal mine, about one-half mile north of the Flint Ridge 
road and just west of the north and south road passing parallel to the 
township line (Locality 47). The geologic section measured at the 
cannel coal mine follows: 


STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


73 


Section at Cannel Coal Mine, Hopewell Township, Licking County 


Flint. Vanport _ 

Sandstone and covered_ 

Limestone, shaly, fossiliferous_ 

Shale, calcareous_ 

Limestone, hard, fossiliferous_ 

Limestone, shaly._ 

Coal, bituminous, Middle Mercer. 

Shale, black_ 

Clay shale_ 

Coal, bony_ 

Clay, dark_ 

Coal, cannel_ 

Shale_:_ 

Coal, cannel___ 

Clay shale_;__ 


Lower Mercer _ 


Flint Ridge 


Feet 

5 
124 
' 8 



Inches 


9 

3 

4 
6 
8 

10 

10 

8 

9 

4 

10 


The species collected at this locality are listed below: 


Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments and plates 

Tabulipora ohioensis (Foerste) 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Fenestella remota Foerste 
Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 

Polypora fastuosa Foerste 
Pinnatopora whitii Foerste 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Dielasma bovidens Morton ? 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen 
Prothyris elegans Meek 
Edmondia anodontoides (Meek) 




















74 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek 
Edmondia meekiana (Herrick) 

Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen ' 

Edmondia gibbosa (McCoy) 

Edmondia reflexa Meek 
Nucula parva McChesney 
Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Yoldia stevensoni Meek 
Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 
Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Posidonia sp. 

Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 
Schizodus cuneatus Meek 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard) 

Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Entolium attenuatum Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 
Placunopsis ? recticardinalis Meek 
Allerisma terminate Hall 
Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella newberryi Meek 
Astartella varica McChesney 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen 
Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 
Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

Pleurotomaria broadheadi White 
Pleurotomaria coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwood and Pratten 
Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Zygopleura plicata (Whitfield) ? 

Sphaerodoma klipparti (Meek) 

Conularia crustula White 

Orthoceras isogramma Meek 
Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 



STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


75 


Phillipsia sangamonensis Meek and Worthen 
Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 


Another collection was made on Flint Ridge from outcrops of 
Lower Mercer limestone in the north and south road near the town¬ 
ship line, about three-fourths mile north of the Fairview School. The 
deposit at this place attains the unusual thickness of 15 feet and con¬ 
tains a great profusion of fossils. The geologic section below shows 
the succession of strata in this vicinity (Locality 48): 


Section about three-fourths mile north of Fairview School, Hopewell Town * 

ship, Licking County 


Feet 

A llegheny formation 

Flint, fossiliferous...- "l Vanport. ..( 2 

Limestone, shaly, part covered- J t 15 

Covered_ 23 

Limestone, fossiliferous, Putnam Hill - __ 

Coal blossom, Brookville - 1 

Poitsville formation 

Clay and covered- 14 

Sandstone, shaly- 7 

Clay and covered- 11 

Flint, black, fossiliferous, with shale, Upper Mercer - 1 

Coal blossom, Bedford _ 1 

Shale and covered--- 8 

Limestone, shaly, fossiliferous-j Lower Mercer _| 13 

Limestone, hard, fossiliferous-1 t 2 


Inches 


The fossils listed below were collected from Fairview School locality 


Plantae 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Crinoid segments and plates 
Eupachycrinus mooresi (Whitfield) ? 

Chainodictyon laxum Foerste 
Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Polypora fastuosa Foerste 
Pinnatopora whitii Foerste 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 
Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 
Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Crania modesta White and St. John 
Schizophoria altirostris (Mather) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 
Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
















76 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Marginifera muricata var. misfeouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen . 

Edmondia meekiana (Herrick) ? 

Nuculopsis ventricosa (Hall) 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Leda meekana Meek 
Yoldia stevensoni Meek 
Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 
Aviculopinna americana Meek 
Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Posidonia sp. 

Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Entolium attenuatum Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 
Allerisma terminale Hall 
Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Pleurophorus oblongus Meek 
Pleurophorella geinitzi (Meek) 

Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella newberryi Meek 
Astartella varica McChesney 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 
Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Bulimorpha inornata (Meek and Worthen) ? 

Conularia newberryi Winchell ? 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 




STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


77 


A third collection of fossils from Flint Ridge was obtained from 
the sandy shale on the Flint Ridge road just east of the north and 
south crossroads and north of Locality 48 (Locality 49). The species 
found are as follows: 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Polypora fastuosa Foerste 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Rhombopora multipora Foerste 
Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Glossina waverlyensis (Herrick) 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Prat ten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen 
Edmondia gibbosa (McCoy) 

Nucula parva McChesney 
Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Deltopecten occidentals (Shumard) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Entolium attenuatum Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 
Allerisma terminale Hall 
Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 


78 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Pleurophorus oblongus Meek 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella newberryi Meek 
Astartella varica McChesney 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Patellostium montfcrtianum -(Norwood and Pratten) 
Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

Pleurotomaria newportensis White ? 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Orthoceras isogramma Meek 
Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Phillipsia sangamonensis Meek and Worthen 
Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 


Coshocton County.— The Lower Mercer limestone was observed in 
Opossum Hollow in the southwestern part of Washington Township, 
where it consists of hard blue, moderately fossiliferous limestone, four 
feet in thickness (Locality 50). 1 The forms collected are listed below: 

Crinoid segments 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Entolium attenuatum Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Tuscarawas County. —In Tuscarawas County the Lower Mercer 
member outcrops in various places but no collections of fossils were 
made. It consists for the most part of hard, blue limestone, 3 to 6 
feet in thickness. The geologic section showing the member with its 
associated rocks, measured on the farm of Joseph Hair two miles north¬ 
west of Bolivar, is given in the review of the Boggs horizon. About 
three miles to the southeast of this point is the village Zoar, from which 
the stratum was named by Newberry in 1874, on account of the excellent 
outcrops in the vicinity. 

J See geologic section measured in Opossum Hollow under discussion of Lowell- 
ville member, p. 34. 



STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


79 


Holmes County.—The following fossils, which are among the col¬ 
lections in the Geologic Museum at The Ohio State University, were 
obtained from the Lower Mercer shales near Millersburg in Hardy 
Township (Locality 51): 

Crinoid segments 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 

Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek) 

Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Wayne County.—The geologic section below was measured near 
the road corners in the northern part of Section 17, Paint Township, 
where the exposure of Lower Mercer limestone is fairly characteristic 
for the county. No collections of fossils were made. 

Feet Inches 


A llegheny formation 

Limestone, fossiliferous, Putnam Hill _ 3 8 

Coal, Brookville _ 2 4 

PottsviUe formation 

Clay, gray- 7 6 

Coal, smut_ __ 1 

Clay___—__I—. 3 

Covered_ 36 8 

Shale, gray- 7 

Ore, Lower Mercer _ __ 4 

Shale, gray- -- 5 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous, Lower Mercer _ 1 9 

Coal, bony -—-.) Middle Mercer... J 1 3 

Shale, bony_ J l __ 2 


Stark County.—In Stark County the Lower Mercer member is ex¬ 
posed at various places, although fossils were obtained from, only one 
locality. The limestone is hard and fossiliferous, varying in thickness 
from 1 to 3 feet. The following forms were obtained from the Lower 
Mercer limestone and the black carbonaceous shale overlying the lime¬ 
stone near East Greenfield at the shaft mine, two and one-half miles 
east of Dalton (Locality 52): 

- FOSSILS FROM THE LOWER MERCER LIMESTONE 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 
Fenestella limbata Foerste 














80 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 

FOSSILS FROM THE BLACK, CARBONACEOUS SHALE ABOVE THE LIMESTONE 

Crinoid segments 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Allerisma terminale Hall 

Pleurophorella costata (Meek and Worthen) 

Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek ' 

Astartella varica McChesney 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Plagioglypta meekana (Geinitz) 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

Phanerotrema grayvillense (Norwood and Pratten) 

Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwood and Pratten 
Pleurotomaria newportensis White 
Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Naticopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen) 

Naticopsis pulchella n. sp. 




STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


81 


Bulimorpha inornata (Meek and Worthen) ? 
Sphaerodoma brevis (White) 

Sphaerodoma regularis (Cox) ? 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 


An excellent outcrop of Lower Mercer limestone occurs in Section 
2, Pike Township, in the valley of Nimishillen Creek just north of 
Howenstein, where the geologic section below was measured: 

% 

Section in valley of Nimishillen Creek , Pike Township , Stark County 


Feet Inches 


Allegheny formation 

Limestone, fossiliferous, Putnam Hill _ 3 7 

Shale_ __ 1 

Coal, Brookville _ H _ 1 6 

Pottsville formation 

Clay, gray- 6 

Shale and covered_ 19 3 

Shale_ 30 

Or e, Upper Mercer _ __ 2 

Limestone, dark, fossiliferous, Upper Mercer _ 2 

Coal, bony, Bedford - 1 4 

Clay, dark_ 1 4 

Ganister, light_ 1 6 

Shale and ganister- 1 6 

Shale, gray_ 19 4 

Limestone, ferruginous, fossiliferous.'! LmMr Mmer / 1 
Limestone, gray, fossiliferous_J k 1 3 


In the northern and eastern parts of the county the member has 
been penetrated in mines and well drillings. To the east the limestone 
is sometimes replaced by shale, but where present, it often reaches a 
thickness of about 3 feet. The geologic section below was taken at 
Aultman, in Section 30, Lake Township, at the mine of the National 
Fire Proofing Co. 

Feet Inches 


Shale_—- 20 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous, Lower Mercer - 1 8 

Shale_ -- 4 

Coal, bony, Middle Mercer - - - 10 


Summit and Portage Counties.—In Summit and Portage coun¬ 
ties the Lower Mercer member, where exposed, is similar to the deposits 
elsewhere in northeastern Ohio. 

Mahoning County.—The member is well developed in Mahoning 
County and consists characteristically of two benches of hard blue lime¬ 
stone, generally without shaly partings between them. Black, ex- 




















POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


. 82 

tremely fossiliferous shale often occurs below the limestone. The 
average thickness is about 3 feet, the lower bench being thinner and 
more fossiliferous than the upper. One of the best outcrops occurs in 
the western part of the county along Little Mill Creek, about two and 
one-half miles northeast of North Benton and one-fourth mile west of 
the junction of Turkeybroth Creek with Little Mill Creek. Here the 
stream has formed a waterfall over a projecting ledge of hard Lower 
Mercer limestone. The deposit consists of two benches of tough, al¬ 
most black limestone, without partings, the upper one of which is flinty 
at the top. The lower bench is very fossiliferous and affords excellent 
collecting. The section measured here follows (Locality 53): 


Section along Little Mill Creek, Berlin Township , Mahoning County 


Feet 


Limestone, Upper Mercer _ 3 

Covered_ 5 

Shale, black_ 2 

Coal, Upper Mercer or No. 3b _ -- 

Shale, black_ __ 

Clay______-- 5 

Shale, gray_ 1 

Sandstone, shaly- 5 

Shale, sandy, gray-.- 7 

Limestone, hard, flinty near top, fossil-'l 

iferous_?• Lower Mercer _« 2 

Limestone, very fossiliferous_ J t __ 

Shale, clay__r_— _ __ 

Coal, Middle Mercer _ i _ __ 

Shale, clay, gray_ 1 

Covered_^___ 2 

Shale, clay, bluish-gray_ 1 

Sandstone, shaly, micaceous_ 2 


Inches 

4 

3 

10 

7 


4 

6 


6 

1 

2 


The fossils collected at this locality include the following forms: 

Crinoid segments 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Orthoceras n. sp. 




















STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


83 


Near the central part of the county a collection was made from 
exposures of Lower Mercer limestone in the bed of West Branch of 
Meander Creek, one-fourth mile east of Club Lake and one-half mile 
south of Ellsworth. The stratum is very hard and flinty toward the 
top where the faunar is small and stunted. A thin, extremely fossilifer- 
ous zone occurs about 3 inches above the base of the horizon. The 
geologic section here follows (Locality 54): 

Feet Inches 

Sandstone, massive, base very irregular, coarse-grained, 


ferruginous, rich in plant fossils_ 26 

Coal, Upper Mercer or No. 8b _ 1 4 

Sandstone, irregular base_ __ 2 

Clay, plastic_ 4 4 

Shale, gray, siliceous, micaceous, rich in plant fossils_ 11 

Limestone, hard, flinty, Lower Mercer _ 2 6 


The following fossils were collected: 


Crinoid segments 

Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 


In eastern Mahoning County the member outcrops in the bed of 
Yellow Creek, one-half mile east of Poland, forming a projecting ledge 
over which the water falls. Lamb describes the deposit thus: 1 “The 
stratum presents here that peculiarity of 2 layers noted elsewhere. 
The upper layer measured 2 feet 3 inches and the lower 7 inches. Rest¬ 
ing directly on the heavy bed is a 2 inch very impure layer of limestone 
of cone-in-cone structure which breaks easily and shows this peculiar 
structure quite admirably. The heavy bed is bluish gray, tough, 
fossiliferous, and sparkles with crinoid stems and calcite crystals. The 
limestone is directly underlain by black carbonaceous shale which is 
extremely fossiliferous.” The lower bench, however, is much more 
fossiliferous than the upper. The section here follows (Locality 55): 

x Lamb, G. F., Pennsylvanian Limestones of Northeastern Ohio below the Lower 
Kittanning Coal, Ohio Naturalist, Vol. 10, p. 122, March, 1910. 









84 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Sandstone, coarse, thin-bedded, cross- 

Ore, nodular,_' 

Limestone, hard, blue, sparingly 

fossiliferous-- 

Limestone, very fossiliferous- 

Shale, extremely fossiliferous-, 

Collections were made from both 
tremely fossiliferous black shale which 

FOSSILS FROM THE LOWER MERCER LIMESTONE 
Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

FOSSILS FROM THE BLACK SHALE BELOW THE LIMESTONE . 

Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera w r abashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard) 

Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Entolium attenuatum. Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Naticopsis altonensis (McChesney)? 

In the extreme eastern part of Mahoning County near the Ohio- 
Pennsylvania line, Lower Mercer fossils were collected from exposures 


Feet 

15 


bedded- 

Lower Mercer - 


the hard limestone and the ex 
underlies it: 
















STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


85 


at Lowellville. The characteristic two benches are present, the lower 
containing abundant fossils. Dr. Newberry in his section measured on 
Grindstone Run in 1878 records a thickness of one foot for the lime¬ 
stone. 1 The section below was measured at the same locality in 1919 
(Locality 22): 


Section on Grindstone Run at Lowellville , Mahoning County 


Feet 

Limestone, Upper Mercer _ 2 

Covered_ 3 

Clay, exposed along railroad_ 1 

Covered_ 9 

Sandstone and shale, sandy_ 5 

Shale_ 5 

Ore, nodular, Lower Mercer _ 

Limestone_1 f 2 

Limestone, very fossiliferous_>• Lower Mercer _ 

Shale, black_ J 

Shale, gray, clay_ 2 

Coal, bony_i_ 

Clay, bluish-gray, flinty_ 4 

Shale, gray, siliceous_ 3 

Covered_ 5 

Shale, gray, siliceous_ 6 

Shale, bluish-gray_ 3 

Covered_ 30 

Sandstone, thin-bedded_ 6 

Shale, arenaceous, ferruginous_ 28 

Shale, black, fissile, calcareous_ 2 

Limestone, Lowellville ___ 2 

Covered_ 19 

Sandstone, massive, coarse-grained_ 10 


Inches 


4 
1 

5 
4 
8 
2 

6 


6 


6 

4 


The fossils listed below were found: 

Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

.Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 


*See section at Grindstone Run included under discussion of the Lowellville 
member, p. 34. 



























86 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Summary 

The Lower Mercer limestone, which forms the next faunal horizon 
above the Boggs member, is the most widespread and persistent mem¬ 
ber of the Pottsville formation and is found in every county where the 
Pottsville outcrops. It consists of hard, blue to black, fossiliferous 
limestone which occurs characteristically in two benches either with or 
without shaly partings. The hard limestone is generally associated 
with or replaced by extremely fossiliferous, black calcareous shales or 
impure shaly limestones. In thickness the member varies from less 
than 1 foot to as much as 20 feet, with an average of about 3 feet. 
The fauna is always abundant and is composed largely of pelecypods 
and brachiopods, although it is characterized everywhere by a pro¬ 
fusion of large crinoid stems. 

The complete list of fossils from the Lower Mercer member follows: 

Plantae 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Ed wards and Haime) 

Eupachycrinus mooresi (Whitfield) 

Crinoid segments 

Archaeocidaris spines 

Tabulipora ohioensis (Foerste) 

Chainodictyon laxum Foerste 
Fenestellidae undetermined 
Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Fenestella remota Foerste 
Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 

Fenestella sp. 

Polypora fastuosa Foerste 
Polypora sp. 

Fenestellae undetermined 
Pinnatopora whitii Foerste 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Rhombopora multipora Foerste 
Streblotrypa merceri n. sp. 

Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Lingula kanawhensis Price 
Glossina waverlyensis (Herrick) 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Crania modesta White and St. John 
Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) ££ 

Schizophoria altirostris (Mather) 


STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


87 


Derby a crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Derbya robusta (Hall) 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Aulacorhynchus millepunctatus (Meek and Worthen) 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula pertenuis (Meek) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Pustula symmetricus (McChesney) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Dielasma bovidens Morton ? 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen 
Prothyris elegans Meek 
Edmondia anodontoides (Meek) ? 

Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek 
Edmondia meekiana (Herrick) 

Edmondia gibbosa (McCoy) 

Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen 
Edmondia reflexa Meek 
Nucula beyrichi von Schauroth 
Nucula elongata n. sp. ? 

Nucula parva McChesney 
Nuculopsis ventricosa (Hall) 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Leda meekana Mark 
Leda prolongata n. sp. 

Yoldia stevensoni Meek 
Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and W orthen) 
Aviculopinna americana Meek 
Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Pseudomonotis sp. 

Posidonia ? acosta (Cox) ? 

Posidonia girtyi n. sp. 

Posidonia vintonensis n. sp. 

Posidonia sp. 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 

Myalina recurvirostris var. sinuosa n. var. 

Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 
Schizodus cuneatus Meek 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 


88 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Schizodus mooresi Miller ? 

Schizodus wheeled Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Aviculopecten sorer Herrick 
Deltopecten occidentals (Shumard) 

Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Entolium attenuatum Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 
Placunopsis ? recticardinalis Meek 
Allerisma terminate Hall 
Pleurophorella costata (Meek and Worthen) 
Pleurophorella geinitzi (Meek) 

Pleurophorella sesquiplicata Price 
Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus oblongus Meek 
Pleurophorus spinulosa n. sp. 

Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella compacta Girty 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella newberryi Meek 
Astartella varica McChesney 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Plagioglypta meekana (Geinitz) 

Plagioglypta prosseri n. sp. 

Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen 
Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus var. tricarinatus (Shumard) 
Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 
Phanerotrema grayvillense (Norwood and Pratten) 
Trepospira depressa (Cox) 

Pleurotomaria broadheadi White 
Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwood and Pratten 
Pleurotomaria coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Pleurotomaria newportensis White 
Pleurotomaria ornatiformis n. sp. ? 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Naticopsis altonensis (McChesney) 

Naticopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen) 

Naticopsis pulchella n. sp. 

Naticopsis ventricosus (Norwood and Pratten) 
Trachydomia sp. 

Zygopleura plenum (Herrick) ? 

Zygopleura plicata (Whitfield) 

Hemizyga n. sp. 

Bulimorpha inornata (Meek and Worthen) ? 




STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


89 


Sphaerodoma brevis (White) 

Sphaerodoma fusiformis (Hall) ? 

Spaerodoma klipparti (Meek) 

Sphaerodoma newberryi (Stevens) 
Spaerodoma primigenia (Conrad) 

Sphaerodoma regularis (Cox) 

Sphaerodoma ventricosa (Hall) 

Conularia crus tula White 
Conularia newberryi Winchell ? 

Orthoceras isogramma Meek 
Orthoceras n. sp. 

Orthoceras sp 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 
Endolobus (Temnocheilus ?) orjtoni (Whitfield) 
Metacoceras pottsvillensis n. sp. 
Epphipioceras sp. 

Phillipsia sangamonensis Meek and Worthen 
Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 


LOWER MERCER ORE 

Stratigraphy and Extent 

The Lower Mercer limestone is associated everywhere with an iron 
ore, known as the Lower Mercer or Little Red Block ore, which either 
lies directly over the limestone or is separated from it by a few feet of 
shale. Where the ore is best developed m southern Ohio, it is remark¬ 
ably persistent and is present even where the limestone member is 
wanting. In thickness it measures from 4 to 6 inches with a maximum 
of 10 inches. 1 In Lawrence County the ore is found directly on the 
Jimestone; in Scioto County an interval of a few feet intervenes, while 
in Jackson County the average distance between the two members is 
8 feet, with a maximum of 18 feet. In Vinton and Perry counties they 
are again in contact. Northward in Muskingum and Licking counties 
the Lower Mercer ore is present only locally in a few places and is 
separated from the underlying limestone by about one foot of shale. 2 
Elsewhere in central and northeastern Ohio the member is less well 
represented. Formerly this ore was mined extensively for use in the 
charcoal furnaces of Scioto, Lawrence, and Jackson counties. 

Although the Lower Mercer ore contains fossils, they are not 
abundant and represent the same forms as are present in the limestone 
member. In general, they are smaller showing the effects of impover¬ 
ished living conditions which existed in the Pottsville sea during the 
period of iron ore deposition. 


iStout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 142, 297, 570, 1916. 

2 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 60, 1918. 



90 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 


Jackson County.—Fossils were collected from the Lower Mercer 
ore at only one locality,—from outcrops along the road in the eastern 
part of Section 10, Coal Township, just east of Grace mine. The 
stratum is dark red in color, coarse and siliceous in character, and spar¬ 
ingly fossiliferous. The section measured here follows (Locality 56): 


Feet 

Coal_ 6 

Clay_1__ 2 

Shale__ 4 

Ore, Lower Mercer _ __ 

Shale_ 3 

Covered_ 5 

Shale, blue___•_ 5 

Limestone, gray, fossiliferous_1 f __ 

Shale, dark, fossiliferous___ > Lower Mercer _ 1 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous_ _J [ 1 


Inches 


11 

10 


The fossils collected here are as follows: 


Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

Allerisma terminale Hall 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Pleurotomaria sp. (fragment) 

SAND BLOCK ORE 


Stratigraphy and Extent 

In ascending order the Sand Block ore is the next faunal horizon 
above the Lower Mercer ore. It is of limited stratigraphic extent and 
has been found only in Lawrence, Scioto, and Jackson counties. Its 
position with reference to the Upper Mercer or No. 3a coal varies much 
from place to place; sometimes it is found directly above the coal, 
while sometimes the two horizons are separated by an interval of 30 
feet, as in parts of Scioto County. In Lawrence County the distance 
varies from 1 to 15 feet, and in southern Jackson County 10 to 20 
feet is generally found. In the northern part of the latter county 
the ore lies just above the Upper Mercer coal. In Scioto County it is 
also found 10 to 20 feet below the Upper Mercer ore. 1 


^tout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 160, 297, 580, 1916. 













STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


91 


The Sand Block ore appears locally in patches, and in Lawrence 
County is found only in a few localities. It is nodular, highly siliceous in 
composition, and generally very thin, varying in thickness from 1 
inch to slightly more than 1 foot, with an average of 5 inches. It is 
poor in fossils, and the forms which are present are microscopic in size. 
As the iron content in the ore is low, it is not used commercially at the 
present time, although formerly it was utilized to some extent for 
smelting in the old charcoal furnaces of Jackson County. 


Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 


Scioto County.—In the following section, measured on the land of 
Smith Hayward, Section 35, Bloom Township, the general relations of 
the Sand Block ore to the Upper Mercer or No. 3a coal below, and to 
the Upper Mercer ore above, are well shown. 1 No collections of fossils 
were made. 


Feet Inches 


Coal, Tionesta or No. 3b - 2 

Covered_ 18 

Ore, Upper Mercer _ 1 6 

Covered-.-- 16 


Ore, sparingly fossiliferous, Sand Block 


Coal, Upper Mercer or No. 3a 


Jackson County.—The ore outcrops in the Dever Valley on the 
land of Joseph Woods, Section 24, Hamilton Township. It is moder¬ 
ately fossiliferous, the remains consisting mostly of small fragments of 
very diminutive shells which have for the most part been decomposed 
to a white, chalky substance. The white color of the shells presents a 
striking contrast to the coarse-grained, dark red matrix. The geologic 
section here follows (Locality 57) : 2 


Ore, Upper Mercer _ 

Covered_- 

Ore, very fossiliferous, Sand Block. 

Shale and covered- 

Ore, Lower Mercer - 

Clay, light- 


Feet 


13 


27 


1 


Inches 

4 

4 

1 


The fossils found in the Sand Block ore from this locality are listed 
below: 


Orbiculoidea sp. 

Minute Pelecypoda (three or more species) 

Minute Gastropoda (three or more species) 

x Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 579, 1916. 

2 Idem., p. 162. 
















92 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


UPPER MERCER MEMBER 
Historical Review 

The name Upper Mercer was first given to the marine limestone, 
which occurs above the Lower Mercer, by I. C. White in 1878 in his 
report on Mercer County, Pennsylvania, 1 although the same stratum 
had been previously recognized by H. D. Rogers along the Mahoning 
River and had been named the Mahoning limestone. 2 In Mercer 
County, Pennsylvania, the two Mercer limestones are reported to be 
seldom exposed in the same locality. In Ohio the stratum was re¬ 
ferred to by Read, Andrews, Newberry, and Orton in the State Survey 
reports of various counties. 3 Hpwever, in 1878 the term Gore limestone 
was applied by Dr. Edward Orton in his description of the Hanging 
Rock District, probably from the town, Gore, in the northeastern part 
of Hocking County. He describes the deposit thus: 4 “The Gore lime¬ 
stone which is found from thirty to forty feet above the Zoar, resembles, 
the latter in some of its phases, and can easily be mistaken for it. Like 
the latter, too, it is underlain with a coal seam and overlain with an 
iron ore. As a limestone it is chiefly found in Hocking a'nd Vinton 
counties. It is often replaced by flint, though seldom by as heavy 
deposits as the Zoar horizon shows. Like that limestone, it is dark 
blue in color, but it is not as heavily charged with fossils as the Zoar.” 
In 1884 Dr. Edward Orton adopted the name Upper Mercer for the 
Gore limestone from the equivalent stratum in Pennsylvania, 5 and this 
term has been used in all later reports. 


Stratigraphy and Extent 

The Upper Mercer member forms the next fossiliferous horizon of 
the Pottsville formation above the Sand Block ore, and is the fourth 
marine limestone of the Pennsylvanian system. In Ohio its area of out¬ 
crop is as great as that of the Lower Mercer limestone although it is 
by no means as persistent or as uniform in lithologic character. It is 
found at intervals along the entire outcrop of the Pottsville formation, 
including the following counties,—Lawrence, Scioto, Jackson, Vinton, 
Athens, Hocking, Perry, Muskingum, Licking, Coshocton, Tuscarawas, 
Wayne, Holmes, Stark, Portage, Summit, Mahoning, and Columbiana. 

White, I. C., Second Geol. Surv. Pa., Rept. Prog., Geol. Mercer Co.,p. 36, 1878. 

2 Rogers, H. D., Geol. Pa., Vol. II, Pt. 1, p. 489, 1858. 

3 Read, M. C., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. III,p. 567, Rept. on Coshocton County, 1878. 

Andrews, L. B., Idem., pp. 823-825, Repts. on Perry and Muskingum counties. 

Newberry, J. S., Idem., p. 795, Rept. on Mahoning County. 

Orton, Edward, Idem., pp. 898-903, Rept. on the Hanging Rock District. 

Orton, Edward, Idem., p. 898. 

Orton, Edward, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. V, pp. 13, 14, 1884. 



STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


93 


The interval between the Upper and Lower Mercer members varies 
greatly from place to place. At its southern extension in Scioto County 
the average distance is 52 feet, while to the northward this interval 
gradually thins. In Jackson County it averages 44 feet; 1 in Perry, 
Muskingum, and Coshocton counties about 23 feet 5 inches, with a 
minimum of 15 feet. 2 In northeastern Ohio, including Stark and 
Mahoning counties, the same interval reaches 21 to 23 feet. 3 Between 
the Upper Mercer member and the overlying Tionesta coal the inter¬ 
vening distance averages 35 feet in Scioto County and 28 feet in Jack- 
son. 4 

The Upper Mercer consists of a bluish-gray to almost black lime¬ 
stone, often siliceous or markedly flinty in character, which resembles 
the Lower Mercer both in lithologic character and composition so 
closely that it is sometimes difficult to distinguish the two. In the 
central part of the outcrop, including Perry, Muskingum, and Coshocton 
counties, the horizon is characterized by massive, generally black 
flint which to a large extent replaces the limestone; occasionally the 
limestone is also replaced by massive sandstone in its central and 
southern exposures. Dr. Edward Orton describes the member as fol¬ 
lows: 5 “It everywhere lacks the remarkable steadiness and continuity 
of the Lower Mercer limestone, but in all other respects it is almost 
the exact counterpart of that well-marked stratum. It has, in the 
main, the same chemical composition, the same color, and the other 
physical properties, and also the same fossils. In many instances the 
limestones can be distinguished only by their stratigraphical relations. 
But though generally agreeing with the lower limestone, it has some 
local peculiarities which serve to mark it for particular districts. In 
central Ohio it is quite often a flint, constituting one of the main flint 
horizons of the series.” 

In southern Ohio, including Scioto, Lawrence, and Jackson coun¬ 
ties, 6 the limestone is seldom present, but the horizon is represented 
by the Lower Mercer iron ore, or Big Red Block ore, as it is called in 
Scioto County. The ore is very persistent, and where both facies are 
present, it lies directly over the limestone. Where the limestone is 
found, it is hard, nodular, flinty, and dark in color; it is sparingly fos- 
siliferous and the forms present are similar to those of the Lower Mercer. 
The ore, which resembles the limestone in fossil content, is of good 
quality and of sufficient thickness to be of economic value. It was 

'Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 581, 161, 1916. 

2 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 103, 1918. 

3 Lamb, G. F., Pennsylvanian Limestones of Northeastern Ohio below the Lower 
Kittanning Coal, Ohio Naturalist, Vol. 10, pp. 89-135, March, 1910. 

4 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 581, 161, 1916. 

s Orton, Edward, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. V, p. 15, 1884. 

6 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 160-171, 297-305, 580- 
584, 1916. 



94 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


formerly used extensively for smelting in the old charcoal furnaces of 
Lawrence, Scioto, and Jackson counties, and next to the Ferriferous 
ore (Allegheny formation), it was at one time more extensively worked 
than any other of the ores of the Pennsylvanian system. Northward 
in Vinton and Hocking counties the limestone phase is much better 
developed and is more persistent than to the south. 

In the central part of the Upper Mercer outcrop in Ohio the mem¬ 
ber is either represented by only one bench or layer (Muskingum and 
Tuscarawas counties) or by as many as six layers, each separated by 
shaly partings (Perry and Coshocton counties). 1 The characteristic 
type of deposit is flint which entirely replaces the limestone or is 
present with it. Where the limestone phase is found, it is dark in 
color, flinty, ferruginous, and sparingly fossiliferous. The flint is 
extremely hard, breaks with a conchoidal fracture, and is dark gray to 
black in color due to inclusions of carbonaceous matter; it is char¬ 
acterized by small cavities lined or completely filled with quartz crys¬ 
tals. Although fossils are present, they are by no means abundant 
and are essentially the same as found in the Lower Mercer limestone. 
However, Fusulina secalica (Say), which is so abundant in the higher 
Pennsylvanian formations, is present here for the first time in suf¬ 
ficient numbers to be conspicuous, although it is found very sparingly 
also in the Lower Mercer member. The flinty phase is everywhere 
characterized by large branching tubes, ranging from one-half to almost 
an inch in diameter, which although sometimes hollow are generally 
filled with hard impure iron ore. This filling is either wholly or partially 
decomposed to a soft, limonitic material, the decomposition taking 
place first around the edges of the tube and progressing inward. The 
branching tubes have the appearance of plant stems, but a microscopic 
stud£ of the filling from various localities showed no evidence of organic 
structure. It seems probable, therefore, that they originated as con¬ 
cretionary formations of impure hematite, similar to those often found 
in the Lowellville limestone, which have later undergone partial or 
complete decomposition. 

In northeastern Ohio the horizon is characterized by hard, dark 
blue, somewhat siliceous limestone which is fairly persistent and mod¬ 
erately fossiliferous. Lamb states that in Mahoning County it is 
present equally as often as the Lower Mercer limestone 2 which it re¬ 
sembles closely in lithologic character, composition, and fossil content. 

The thickness of the Upper Mercer deposit varies from a few inches 
in southern Ohio to about 3| feet in the northeastern part of the State. 
In the south where the horizon is represented mostly by an iron ore, 5 
inches to 1 foot 6 inches, with a maximum of 2 feet, is present. 

1 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, pp. 102-103, 1918. 

2 Lamb, G. F., Pennsylvanian Limestones of Northeastern Ohio below the Lower 
Kittanning Coal, Ohio Naturalist, Vol. 10, p. 130, March, 1910. 



STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


95 


When the limestone is found it measures only a few inches in thickness. 
In the central part of the outcrop, where the flinty phase is developed, 
the stratum is about 1 foot 6 inches thick, while in northeastern 
Ohio the heavy limestones reach a maximum thickness of 3 feet 6 inches 
with an average of over 2 feet. Locally in a few places in Ohio the 
member attains 15 feet in thickness. 


Conditions of Deposition 

The Upper Mercer limestone is of marine origin and was deposited 
in relatively shallow waters. The fossils, although not abundant, are 
all marine. The ore of southern Ohio, and the flints of the central 
part of the outcrop are likewise of marine origin as is shown by the 
fauna which is practically identical with that of the limestone. The 
origin of the flint is discussed by Stout in his report on the Geology of 
Muskingum County in which three views are given as tenable for the 
origin of the flints associated with the limestones of the Pennsylvanian 
system : l 

(a) “That the flint was formed by direct precipitation of the sili¬ 
ceous matter by silica-secreting organisms. 

(b) That the flint was the resultant of chemical action of soluble 
silica and other components in the sea water upon the calcium car¬ 
bonate of the newly formed limestone. In this case the change took 
place while the limestone was forming or while it was yet under the 
direct influence of the salt brines. 

(c) That circulating ground waters, charged with silica and 
organic components which acted upon the limestone deposited under 
normal conditions and buried by later sediments, slowly removed the 
calcium carbonate and deposited silica in its place. This action began 
as soon as the beds were covered by other material and is still effective. 
Under this condition the flint is entirely of secondary origin.” 

After a discussion of these three views, the following conclusions 
are reached: 2 “It appears that these flint beds were original deposits 
laid down in shallow water under conditions similar to those where 
limestones were deposited, but where siliceous material from organic 
life was present in considerable quantities, and was either deposited 
directly or was substituted for calcium carbonate of newly formed lime¬ 
stone. The action of ground waters in the silicification of limestones 
appears, therefore, relatively small; and this view is further strength¬ 
ened by evidence afforded by the higher beds of this (Muskingum) 
county.” 

J Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 109, 1918. 

2 Idem., p. 113. 




96 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 


Scioto County.—The Upper Mercer ore is well developed in the 
abandoned mine of Hanging Rock Iron Co., one and one-half 
miles north of Ohio Furnace, Green Township. The lower layer is 
calcareous enough to be called a ferruginous limestone. The ore is 
very sparingly fossiliferous. The section measured in the mine fol¬ 
lows (Locality 58) i 1 

Feet Inches 

Shale_____ 2 

Ore, upper block_1 f __ 7 

Parting___ >lJpper Mercer _ 4 __ 

Ore, lower block_ J t __ 11 

Coal,' dense, hard, Bedford _ 2 


The fossils collected at this locality include the following forms: 

Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

A few fossils were also found in the ore outcropping on the land of 
Smith Hayward, Section 35, Bloom Township, where the geologic sec¬ 
tion below was measured (Locality 59) : 2 

Feet Inches 

Shale and sandstone_• 10 

Or e, Upper Mercer _:_ 1 6 

Shale and covered_ 16 

Ore, Sand Block _ 1 


The forms listed below were collected here: 

Crinoid segments 

Archaeocidaris spines 

Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Conularia crustula White 


x Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 581, 1916. 

2 Idem. 












STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


97 


Jackson and Vinton Counties.—The Upper Mercer ore is also 
found in Jackson County and geologic sections showing its relation to 
other members of the Pottsville formation are given under the discus¬ 
sion of the Lower Mercer member. In Vinton County the ore is like¬ 
wise present, although the limestone phase below is well developed and 
becomes of more stratigraphic importance than in the counties to the 
south. In Elk Township, three miles southwest of McArthur, black 
shalv limestone from the Upper Mercer horizon contains specimens of 
Lingula carbonaria Shumard in great profusion, but no other fossils 
were discovered (Locality 60). 

Perry County.—Fossils were obtained from the limestone in the 
shaft of the Straitsville Impervious Brick Co. near New Straits- 
ville in the extreme southwestern part of the county. The deposit at 
this locality is hard, dark blue, and moderately fossiliferous. There is 
considerable doubt, however, whether the limestone belongs to the 
Upper Mercer or the McArthur horizon (Locality 61). The following 
fossils were identified: 

Crinoid segments 

Derby a crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

In Perry County as in Muskingum and Coshocton counties, the 
Upper Mercer limestone is generally partially or wholly replaced by 
massive beds of flint, dark to black in color. In the eastern part of 
Section 3, Clayton Township, where the geologic section below was 
measured, the flint is partly light gray in color and very sparingly 
fossiliferous. Samples were collected from the ravine near the road 
(Locality 62). 

Shale and covered_ 

♦ Flint, light gray, fossiliferous-"l 

Limestone, very ferruginous-I jj pver Mercer 

Covered_| 

Flint, black, fossiliferous_ J 

Covered_ 

Coal blossom, Bedford _ 

Clay and shale_ 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous, Lower Mercer - 


Feet Inches 

50 



3 

1 

16 

1 


4—G. B. 25. 











98 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


The fossils listed below were identified: 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden) 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

The collection of fossils listed below was made in the northern 
part of Section 10, Reading Township, from outcrops of Upper Mercer 
limestone in the roadbed about one-half mile east of the north end of 
the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad cut at Somerset (Locality 63) : l 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Fenestellids undetermined 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Crania modesta White and St. John 
Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 

Productus cora d’Orbigny 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen 
Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

^hese fossils are among the paleontological collection at Western Reserve 
University, Cleveland, Ohio. The collection was made by Mr. Eber Hyde of Lan¬ 
caster, and was made available to the writer for study through the kindness of his 
son, Professor Jesse E. Hyde, of Western Reserve University. 



STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


99 


Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella varica McChesney 

Muskingum County.—In Section 32, Newton Township, along the 
diagonal road one and one-half miles northwest of Roseville, the Upper 
Mercer member is exposed (Locality 64). It measures ten inches in 
thickness, and consists of a lower layer of dark gray limestone con¬ 
taining flint nodules and an upper layer of black flint in which large, 
branching tubes, either hollow or filled with a soft limonitic decomposi¬ 
tion product, are abundant. The filling of the tubes seems to have 
originated as concretionary structures of iron ore, although the re¬ 
semblance to plant stems is very marked. The flint is extremely poor 
in fossils both in number of species and individuals, and the following 
represent the only species which were discovered: 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

In Hopewell Township the member is rarely present as a limestone 
but is represented by black flint. The following geologic section was 
measured along the Flint Ridge Road in Section 8, about one mile 
northwest of Poverty Run School. Although fossils are scarce, good 
collecting is afforded as the locality is easy of access (Locality 65): 


Feet Inches 

Shale and covered_ 15 

Flint, black, Upper Mercer _ 2 

Clay and covered_ 5 


The fossils below were collected: 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden) 

Crinoid segments 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Pleurotomaria sp. ? 

Along Flint Ridge, both in Hopewell Township, Licking County, 
and in Hopewell Township, Muskingum County, the black flint is well 
developed, and was used to some extent by primitive man in Ohio for 
the manufacture of weapons, arrowheads, and implements of various 
sorts, for which purpose the flint seems especially well adapted. Some 





100 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


of the holes which can still be seen along the ridge mark the sites of 
excavations made for obtaining the flint. The following section was 
measured at the east end of Flint Ridge along the ravine in the western 
part of Section 14, and shows excellently the relation of the various 
members on Flint Ridge: 


Section at the east end of Flint Ridge along the ravine in the western part 
of Section 14, Hopewell Township, Licking County 


Feet Inches 

Allegheny formation 

Flint, light, fossiliferous_ 2 

Covered_ 1 

Limestone, siliceous, sparingly fos¬ 
siliferous_ r _- Vanport -“I __ 10 

Covered_ 

Limestone, argillaceous, thin bedded, 

fossiliferous_ [ 15 

Covered_ 6 

-Shale_ 19 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous, Putnam Hill _ 1 2 

Shale_ 2 

Coal, Brookville _ __ 1 

Pottsville formation 

Clay, light, siliceous_ 3 

Sandstone, light, argillaceous_ 5 

Clay, flint, dark-\ Tionesta........J 1 

Clay, light_T t 2 

__5 

_ 2 

_ 4 

_ 1 


Covered_ 

Shale_ 

Covered_ 

Flint, black, fossiliferous, Upper Mercer. 

Shale_ 

Coal, semi-cannel, Bedford _ 


Other geologic sections along Flint Ridge and elsewhere in Hope- 
well Township, Muskingum County, which include the Upper Mercer, 
have been given in the discussions of the Lowellville, Boggs, and Lower 
Mercer members. Fossils were collected from the black flint out¬ 
cropping in the roadbed in the extreme northeastern part of the town¬ 
ship, east of the Licking River and about one-fourth mile northwest 
of Sodon School (Locality 66): 


Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden) 

Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 
Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

























STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


101 


Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

In Washington Township the Upper Mercer member consists of 
black flint and flinty limestone and is well exposed in the ravine of a 
small stream which flows from the east into the Muskingum River 
opposite Ellis. Collections of both Lower and Upper Mercer fossils 
were made at this locality (Locality 38). The geologic section follows: 1 


Feet 

Allegheny formation 

Limestone, Putnam Hill ___ 4 

Pottsville formation 

Covered_ 50 

Flint, black, ferruginous_\ rr ,, f 1 

Limestone, dark, flinty__ J Upver Mercer —-\ 

Coal blossom, Bedford _ __ 

Clay and clay shale_ 8 

Coal, good, Upper Mercer _ 1 

Clay___ 1 

Shale, siliceous_ 10 

Limestone, shaly_'i r 1 

Limestone, hard_I Lower Mercer _J __ 

Shale___f i 

Limestone, hard_I l 1 


Inches 


The species identified from the Upper Mercer flint and flinty lime¬ 
stone are as follows: 


Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 

Productus cora d’Orbigny 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Good exposures are found also at several other localities in Wash¬ 
ington Township. Good collecting is afforded from both the_ Lower 

J Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 106, 1918. 
















. 102 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


and Upper Mercer members in the ravine on the east side of the Mus¬ 
kingum River, one mile north of Ellis (Locality 39). The fossils listed 
below were found in the Upper Mercer limestone and flint: 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Crinoid segments 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 

Fossils were obtained together with Lower Mercer forms from 
blocks of flint fallen from place in the walls of a small ravine by the 
roadside east of the Muskingum River and opposite Rock Cut. (Lo¬ 
cality 40). The collection includes the following Upper Mercer forms: 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Crinoid segments 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 

In Muskingum Township fossils were collected from the dark 
flinty limestone which underlies a layer of black flint in the roadbed 
about one mile north of the Sandy Ridge School, where the entire 
member measures 1§ feet in thickness. (Locality 67). The collection 
includes the following forms: 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

In the exposure along the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad north 
of Rock Cut, the flint is unusually well developed and reaches a thick¬ 
ness of 2 feet. It is more fossiliferous than is generally the case, 
especially in number of individuals, and forms one of the best collecting 


STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


103 


localities in the flint which was found. A portion of the Rock Cut 
section is repeated below (Locality 28): 


Feet Inches 

Shale__ 5 

Flint, black, fossiliferous, Upper Mercer _ 2 

Coal, with shale bands_\ D ,, , / 8 

Coal, somewhat bony.. J Bedford -1 2 4 

Clay, siliceous_ 1 6 

The following fossils were collected: 

Textularia sp. 

Nodosaria sp. 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden) 

Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis^ Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 

Bulimorpha inornata (Meek and Worthen) ? 

In Madison Township outcrops of the member are numerous. A 
few fossils were collected from the hard, flinty black limestone, 2\ feet 
in thickness, which outcrops near the top of the cliff on the east bank 
of the Muskingum River north of Symmes Ford. The lower part of 
the exposure consists of hard, fossiliferous limestone while the upper 
part is composed of black flint. The geologic section at Symmes Ford 
shows especially well the relation of the marine limestones of Mus¬ 
kingum County to each other 1 (Locality 21). The fossils obtained in¬ 
clude the following species: 

Textularia sp. 

Nodosaria sp. 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

J See geologic section at Symmes Ford, given under the discussion of the Lowell- 
ville member, p. 33. 









104 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 

Collections were made from the Upper Mercer black flint which is 
exposed in the bed of Symmes Creek, east of the crossroads; fossils 
from the Boggs and Lower Mercer members were also obtained from 
Symmes Creek (Locality 29). The fauna from the flint includes the 
forms listed below: 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 

Productus cora d’Orbigny 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Probably the best locality for collecting fossils which was found 
in the Upper Mercer member, is located along the small eastern tribu¬ 
tary of the North Branch of Symmes Creek about one-fourth mile 
north of the crossroads. Here the member reaches the exceptional 
thickness of 5 feet 3 inches and is composed of two layers,—the upper 
of flint and the lower of hard, very fossiliferous limestone in which 
large crinoid stems are abundant. This limestone resembles the Lower 
Mercer very closely not only in appearance but also in character and 
abundance of fossils. The stream forms a small waterfall over .a pro¬ 
jecting ledge of Upper Mercer limestone. Below the limestone there 
occurs a layer of extremely fossiliferous black shale associated with 
the Bedford coal, from which a collection of fossils was also made. 
The geologic section here follows (Locality 68) 4 

^tout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, p. 106, 1918. 



PLATE IV. 



A—Upper Mercer limestone and black flint with Bedford coal below. West of 

Warsaw, Coshocton County 



B—Upper Mercer limestone represented largely by black flint along a small stream 
south of Symmes Ford, Madison Township, Muskingum County 













































































• • 













. 




■ 

* 
















. 

' 








































































































• 









































STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


105 


Section along the small eastern tributary of the North Branch of Synwies 
Creek, Madison Township, Muskingum County 


\ 


Allegheny formation Feet 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous_f i 

Shale, with ore nodules_ > Putnam Hill _ i 4 

. Limestone, gray, fossiliferous_ J [ 3 

Shale_ 

Coal___ 

Shale- Brookville __ 

Coal_ ___J 

Pottsville formation 

Clay, hght_ 2 

Covered_ 13 

Sandstone, shaly_ IS 

Shale and covered_ 3 

Flint, black, irregular, fossiliferous- ..l rr 1/r f 3 

Limestone, flinty, very fossiliferous../ Vpftr 2 

Shale_ 

Coal, bony_ 

Shale- j> Bedford 

Coal, bony_J ^ 1 

Clay, siliceous_ 5 



Inches 

1 

10 

2 

1 

10 


The lists of fossils below include the species collected from this 
locality: 


FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER MERCER LIMESTONE AND FLINT 


Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden) 

Crinoid segments 


Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Fenestella sp. 

Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 
Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 
Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Prismopora sereata (Meek) 


Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita* (Hall) 



















106 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 

Sphaerodoma sp. 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 

FOSSILS FROM THE BLACK CARBONACEOUS SHALE BELOW THE LIMESTONE 

Crinoid segments and plates 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Derby a crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 

In the southeastern part of Cass Township, flinty limestone out¬ 
crops in the roadbed on land of J. F. Shaw, three miles southeast of 
Frazeysburg, from which the following fossils were obtained (Locality 
43): “ 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

M arginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Samples of flinty limestone containing fossils were collected from 
a small ravine on the southwest side of the road, about one-half mile 
south of Locality 43 (Locality 69). The following species were found: 

Textularia sp. 


STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


107 


Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Crinoid segments 

Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Coshocton County.—The Upper Mercer limestone is exceptionally 
well developed in the southern part of Jefferson Township, southwest 
of Warsaw, where it attains the unusual average thickness of 8 feet. 
Fossiliferous limestone is everywhere associated with the flinty phase. 
About one mile east of Mohawk village the deposit is exposed in the 
roadbed and also near the mouth of the coal mine of Lee Moore, a 
few hundred yards north of the road (Locality 70). The character of 
the member at the mine is shown in the following geologic section: 


Feet 

Allegheny formation 

Limestone, Putnam Hill _ 5 

Pottsville formation 

Covered_ 42=* 

1 


Flint, gray, calcareous, fossiliferous 

Shale__- 

Limestone, gray, shaly, fossiliferous. Upper Mercer - 

Shale, gray- 

Flint, black, with gray limestone _ _. 

Coal, bituminous-\ Bedford . ___/ 

Coal, cannel_I t 


Inches 


The limestone and flint here are unusually fossiliferous for the 
member and yielded the following forms: 


Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Fenestellidae undetermined 
Pinnatopora sp. 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 
Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 
Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 











108 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 

About one mile southeast of Locality 70 the Upper Mercer member 
outcrops in the same roadbed. Here it attains a maximum thickness 
of 15 feet and is composed of both limestone and black flint (Locality 
71). The character of the stratum may be seen in the section below: 


Allegheny formation 

Limestone, gray, fossiliferous, Putnam Hill 
Pottsville formation 

Shale and covered__ 

Flint, light gray, fossiliferous_ 

Flint, black, fossiliferous_ 

Limestone, shaly_ 

Limestone, shaly, parts covered, 

fossiliferous_ 

Flint, black, with gray limestone, 
fossiliferous_ 


Upper Mercer. 


Feet 

6 

26 

2 

8 

3 

1 


Inches 


8 

2 


4 


The collection below was made only from the flinty phase: 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

One mile north of Locality 71 the member is exposed on the Wheeler 
farm along the slope of the ridge east of the north-and-south road. 











STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


109 


The black flint in this vicinity was formerly used by the Indians for 
making arrowheads, tools, and implements of various sorts; the color, 
durability, and hardness made it very desirable for this purpose. Large 
blocks of black, somewhat fossiliferous flint are scattered everywhere 
over the fields along the outcrop. The geologic section on the Wheeler 
farm is given below (Locality 72): 


Section on the Wheeler Farm , Jefferson Township , Coshocton County 


Feet 

Allegheny formation 

Limestone, Putnam Hill ___ 3 

Pottsville formation 

Shale and covered_ 27 

Flint, gray, with shaly limestone,"i f 

fossiliferous. .. - -- - [ Lower Mercer.. J 5 

Flint, black, with gray limestone, 

fossiliferous_J l 2 

Shale___,__ 

Coal, weathered_1 f __ 

Shale___ > Bedford _ < 

Coal, cannel, weathered_J L 2 

Clay_ 5 

Shale and covered_ 8 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous----\ Lower Mercer ___J 1 

Limestone, blue, fossiliferous_ J ^ 2 

Clay and covered_ 3 


Inches 


6 


6 

5 

3 

4 
1 


2 

9 


The species listed below were collected: 


Nodosaria sp. 

Textularia sp. 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Crania modesta White and St. John 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spirifer opiums Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Orthoceras isogramma Meek 


Holmes County.—In northeastern Ohio, including Holmes, Stark, 
Mahoning, and Columbiana counties, the Upper Mercer flint is entirely 
replaced by limestone which resembles markedly the Lower Mercer 
member. In Holmes County fossils were obtained from only one 
locality,—from a mine in the northeastern part of Section 33, Salt 
Creek Township, one mile south of the county line (Locality 73). The 
species found are listed below: 















110 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Crinoid segments 
Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 


Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula symmetricus (McChesney) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Prothyris elegans Meek 
Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 

Sphaerodcma brevis (White) 

Sphaerodoma ventricosa (Hall) 

Stark County.—In the central part of Stark County the limestone 
is well exposed in the valley of Nimishillen Creek and a good collecting 
place is afforded in the central part of Section 34, Canton Township, 
south of the village of North Industry. The limestone here is hard, 
dark, fossiliferous, and about 2 feet in thickness. The following geo¬ 
logic section shows the succession of strata in this vicinity (Locality 74): 


Feet Inches 

A llegheny formation 

Coal, Brookville _ 1 6 

Pottsvillc formation 

Clay, gray-_- 6 

Shale and covered- 19 3 

Shale_ 30 

Ore, Upper Mercer _ __ 2 

Limestone, dark, fossiliferous, Upper Mercer - 2 

Coal, bony, Bedford- _ 1 4 


The following fossils were collected here: 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Crinoid segments 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 









STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


111 


Mahoning County.—Excellent exposures of limestone occur at 
many localities in Mahoning County. In the northern part of Sec¬ 
tion 2, Smith Township, one-half mile northwest of North Benton and 
almost on the county line, the stratum measures 3 feet in thickness 
and is moderately fossiliferous (Locality 75). The species listed below 
were obtained: 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

The forms below were collected in Little Mill Creek, about two and 
three-fourths miles northeast of North Benton and just east of the 
junction of Turkeybroth Creek with Little Mill Creek (Locality 53). 


Crinoid segments 

Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) • 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

In the eastern part of the county, in Canfield Township, a col¬ 
lection of fossils was made from outcrops occurring along Indian Run 
at a point one and one-fourth miles southeast of Wind School. The 
limestone measures 3 feet in thickness and is moderately fossiliferous 
(Locality 76). The species identified are listed below: 


112 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Crinoid segments 


Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Composita sp. 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Naticopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen) 

Outcrops 2 feet in thickness occur also in the vicinity of Lowell- 
ville but no fossils were collected. 

Columbiana County.—The Upper Mercer member comprises the 
oldest rocks in Columbiana County and is found only in Section 12, 
St. Clair Township. The geologic section below was measured near 
the mouth of Bieler Run, in the northern part of Section 12, St. Clair 
Township, and shows the character of the Upper Mercer limestone in 
that vicinity. 


Strata exposed near the mouth of Bieler Run , Section 12, St. Clair Town¬ 
ship , Columbiana County 


Feet 


Coal, Lower Kittanning _ 

Clay, gray, plastic--- 

Clay, shaly___ 

Clay, dark_ 

Clay, gray, plastic_ v _ 

Sandstone, shaly, and shale, siliceous_ 

Shale and covered_ 

Shale, black, fossiliferous_1 

Shale, gray, siliceous_? Vanport. 

Ore, nodular, fossiliferous_ J 

Shale and shaly sandstone_ 

Clay, plastic, siliceous, Clarion _ 

Sandstone, thin-bedded to shaly_ 

Clay shale, dark, with thin layers of shaly coal_ 

Sandstone, hard, blue_ 

Shale with parts covered_ 

Limestone, ferruginous, fossiliferous. 

Shale, calcareous, very fossiliferous. 

Clay, shaly_ 

Shale_ 


Upper Mercer 


{ 


1 

7 
1 

5 
25 
23 

1 

8 

8 

6 
28 


14 


a. 

10 


Inches 

10 

2 

10 

5 

8 

4 
2 
2 
2 

6 
8 

11 

5 
2 


Fossils were collected at two places in Section 12, St. Clair Town¬ 
ship; those listed below were obtained along Little Beaver Creek, 
about one-fourth mile south of Bieler Run (Locality 77): 

























STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


Plantae’ 

Lophcphyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 
Crinoid segments 


113 


Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Derby a crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

The following collection was made along Bieler Run (Locality 78): 

FOSSILS FROM THE UPPER MERCER LIMESTONE 

Lophcphyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

FOSSILS FROM THE SOFT SHALE ABOVE THE LIMESTONE 


Plantae 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 
Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 

Spirifer opimus Hall 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 


114 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Summary 

In conclusion, the Upper Mercer deposit or the fourth member in 
the series of marine fossiliferous limestones of Pennsylvanian age, is 
composed of dark blue limestone which closely resembles the Lower 
Mercer both in lithologic character, fossil content, and composition, 
and also of dark to black flint which to a large extent replaces the lime¬ 
stone in the central counties of the outcrop. The limestone phase is 
best developed in the northeastern part of the State including Stark 
and Mahoning counties, where it reaches a thickness of 3J feet and is 
equally as fossiliferous and persistent as the Lower Mercer limestone. 
It is also represented by a flinty limestone in Hocking and Vinton 
counties, while at various other localities in the southern counties it is 
generally wanting or where present measures only a few inches in thick¬ 
ness. In the central counties, including Perry, Muskingum, and 
Coshocton, the stratum measures 1 to 15 feet in thickness and is 
composed to a large extent of flint although limestone may be present 
with the flint. In southern Ohio the horizon is marked by very per¬ 
sistent iron ore with an average thickness of 1 to 1J feet, which lies 
directly over the limestone where the latter is present. The Upper 
Mercer limestone is as a rule sparingly fossiliferous, while the flint and 
ore contain a still more meager fauna, but of the same type as the lime¬ 
stone. 

A complete list of fossils from the Upper Mercer member follows: 

Plantae 

Textularia sp. 

Nodosaria sp. 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden) 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments and plates 

Archaeocidaris spines 

Fenestellids undetermined 
Fenestella limbata Foerste 
Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 

Fenestella sp. 

Pinnatopora sp. 

Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

Prismopora sereata^ (Meek) 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 




STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


115 


Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Crania modesta White and St. John 
Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

Pustula symmetricus (McChesney) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis .(Norwood and Pratten) 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Composita sp. 

Prothyris elegans Meek 
Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen 
Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 
Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 
Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 
Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella varica McChesney 

Pleurotomaria sp. 

Naticopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen) 
Bulimorpha inornata (Meek and Worthen) ? 
Sphaerodoma brevis (White) 

Sphaerodoma ventricosa (Hall) 

Sphaerodoma sp. 

Conularia crustula White ? 

Orthoceras isogramma Meek 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 


116 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


McArthur member 
Stratigraphy and Extent 

The next fossiliferous horizon above the Upper Mercer limestone 
and flint with its accompanying ore is the McArthur member which in 
ascending order forms the fifth marine limestone of the Pennsylvanian 
system in Ohio. The horizon includes the impure fossiliferous lime¬ 
stones, the calcareous shales, and the shaly sandstones which occur 
directly above the Tionesta or No. 3b coal. The name McArthur lime¬ 
stone was given to the stratum by Stout in 1919 from typical exposures 
in the vicinity of the town of that name in the central part of Vinton 
County, where the member consists of massive, bluish gray, extremely 
fossiliferous limestone. 1 It is best developed in Vinton and Jackson 
counties, but pinches out and disappears south of Monroe Furnace, in 
the southern part of the latter county. In Lawrence and Scioto coun¬ 
ties a dark, tough, sparingly fossiliferous shale wedges in from the south 
across the Ohio River and occupies the position of the McArthur mem¬ 
ber above the Tionesta coal. North of Vinton County the member is 
well developed in Hocking and Perry counties, and has been found in 
a few places in Muskingum and Coshocton; however, in the latter 
counties a massive sandstone, the Homewood or Tionesta, and clays 
occupy the position of the McArthur member and sometimes fill the 
entire interval between the Tionesta and Brookville coals. In places 
even the two coals as well as many feet of rock above and below them 
are replaced by the Homewood sandstone which sometimes reaches a 
thickness of 70 feet and bridges the dividing line between the Potts- 
ville and Allegheny formations. 

The McArthur member is found just above the Tionesta coal 
which forms a fairly persistent and well-marked horizon in southern 
and south-central Ohio, and measures 1 to 6 feet in thickness. The 
coal occurs midway between the Upper Mercer ore and the Brookville 
coal, the basal member of the Allegheny formation. The interval be¬ 
tween the Upper Mercer ore and the Tionesta coal in Lawrence County 
measures about 32 feet; northward in Jackson and Vinton counties the 
same interval averages 25 feet, while 22 feet intervenes between the 
Tionesta coal and the Black Flint horizon which occurs just below the 
Brookville coal. 2 These intervals are about the same in Hocking and 
Perry counties, but they thin gradually as they are followed into Mus¬ 
kingum County where the distance between the Tionesta and Brook¬ 
ville coals measures 8 to 20 feet, while that between the Tionesta and 
Brookville is about 8 feet. 3 

^tout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Manuscript on Clays of Ohio. 

2 Stout, W., Geol Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 171-179, 305-309, 584- 
588, 1916. 

3 Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 21, pp. 115-118, 1918. 



STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


117 


The McArthur member consists of impure, bluish-gray, argillaceous 
limestone, gray to black calcareous shales, and shaly, calcareous sand¬ 
stones. Where typically developed in Jackson and Vinton counties, 
shales occupy the entire interval between the Tionesta coal and the 
Black Flint, as the Homewood sandstone is often lacking or interbedded 
in thin layers with the shale. The lower portion of these shales is cal¬ 
careous and remarkably fossiliferous, and constitutes the McArthur 
horizon. At the southern limit near Monroe Furnace in southern 
Jackson County, 6 feet is present, while northward in Jackson, Vinton, 
Hocking, and Perry counties, the member measures 2 to 14 feet, with 
an average thickness of 4 feet. In the vicinity of McArthur the deposit 
consists of 6 feet of massive limestone which is extremely rich in fossils 
and forms by far the most fossiliferous horizon of the Pottsville forma¬ 
tion with the possible exception of the black shales and impure shaly 
limestones associated with the Lower Mercer member. The fauna is 
of marine origin and is composed largely of brachiopods and pelecypods, 
although gastropods are much more abundant individually than in 
any of the older members. Collecting is excellent as the fossils are 
well preserved often showing even the most delicate markings, and can 
be easily obtained from the soft limestones and shales. It is common 
for the substance of the shell to be decomposed to a soft, chalky, white 
material which rapidly disintegrates on exposure. 

Conditions of Deposition 

At the close of the swamp conditions under which the Tionesta 
coal was deposited, shallow waters prevailed over southern and east- 
central Ohio which were favorable for the deposition of limestone such 
as was deposited during Lower and Upper Mercer times. The sea 
supported an abundant life as is testified by the richness of marine 
fossils found in the stratum. However, sediments of various sorts, 
such as sand and mud, were constantly carried to the sea, so that as a 
result impure argillaceous limestones, calcareous shales, and shaly, cal¬ 
careous sandstones were formed. Similar conditions existed in the 
southern part of the outcrop until the bottom of the sea was built up 
to a height sufficient for the swamp conditions necessary for the deposi¬ 
tion of the Brookville coal to again prevail. 

Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 

Lawrence and Scioto Counties.—In southern Ohio the horizon of 
the McArthur member is occupied by hard, tough shales which enter 
Ohio as a wedge from the south. Sandstone at some localities replaces 
the shale or is interbedded with it. The shale measures 5 to 10 feet in 
thickness and is reported to be sparingly fossiliferous. The section 



118 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


below, measured on Cooney branch of Brady Creek, Lawrence County, 
near the Lawrence-Scio.to County line, is given to show the relation of 
the Tionesta coal to the overlying shale: 1 

Feet Inches 

Shale, hard, dark, tough_*- 12 

Coal_ 

Bone coal. 

Coal_ 

Clay_ 

Coal_ 

Clay shale 

The following section was measured in the eastern part of Section 
21, Vernon Township, Scioto County, on Cadot Hill. A few fragments 
of fossils were obtained from the soft, clay shales overlying the Tionesta 
coal, which were identified as Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) (Lo¬ 
cality 79). 

Feet Inches 

Shale, dark, lower part sparingly fossiliferous, McArthur - 4 

Coal, good---1 f 1 2 

Clay_r Tionesta _< 1 5 

Coal, good____ J l- 6 


Tionesta. 


Jackson County.—In the southern part of Jackson County near 
the head of Monroe Hollow, Jefferson Township, the fossiliferous, cal¬ 
careous shales of the McArthur horizon can be found at any of the 
numerous old coal mines of the region. Fossils, which occur in ex¬ 
treme abundance, were collected at Monroe Furnace in the northern 
part of Section 29 (Locality 80). The following geologic section was 
measured on the farm of John Jaycox, in the western part of Section 
30, and is typical of the member in that vicinity: . . 


Shale, gray, calcareous, parts very fossiliferous, McArthur _ 

Shale, black, tough_ 

Coal, good_*1 

Coal, bony--- \ Tionesta .. 

Coal, good_ 

Coal, cannel- 

Clay and covered_ 




Inches 


3 

6 

2 

3 


The fossils collected at Monroe Furnace are listed below: 


Crinoid segments 

Bascomella gigantea n. gen. and n. sp. 
Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 


'Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 306, 1916. 

























STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


119 


Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula pertenuis (Meek) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Spirifer opimus Hall 

Ambocoelia planoconvexa (Shumard) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Composita sp. 

Edmondia reflexa Meek 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 

Yoldia glabra Beede and Rogers ? 

Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 
Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus subcircularis Herrick 
Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard) 

Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Allerisma terminale Hall 
Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus oblongus Meek 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella compacta Girty 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella varica McChesney 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Plagioglypta prosseri n. sp. 

Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen 
Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow) 

Phanerotrema grayvillense (Norwood and Pratten) ? 
Pleurotomaria sp. 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Coloceras sp. 


120 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


On the property of Harriet A. and W. L. Burris, northwestern part 
of Section 8, Bloomfield Township, the McArthur horizon is marked 
by 4 feet of siliceous, very fossiliferous shale. The following geologic 
section shows excellently the relation of the stratum to the Tionesta 
coal, as well as to the other members above and below. 1 


Strata exposed on the Burris land , Section 8, Bloomheld Township , 
Jackson County 


Allegheny formation 

Limestone, Vanport _,_ 

Covered_ 

Pottsville formation 

Ore, Black Flint horizon _ 

Covered_:_ 

Shale, gray_ 

Shale, siliceous, very fossiliferous, McArthur _ 

Shale, dark_ 

Sandstone, carbonaceous_ 

Shale, black, bony_ 

Coal, good_*j 

Clay- > Tionesta _ 

Coal, good_J 

Covered_ 

Shale, siliceous_ 

Shale, “dram slate”__ 

Coal, Upper Mercer, No. 3a _ 


Feet 

4 

49 


8 

3 

4 
4 


2 


1 

8 

9 


1 


Inches 


10 


4 

10 

10 

2 

2 

4 

11 


In Milton Township, just south of Glenroy, samples of black shale 
which forms the roof of the Tionesta coal were obtained. Specimens of 
Lingula carhonaria Shumard were present in great abundance, but no 
other fossils were found (Locality 81). 

Excellent collecting is afforded in the eastern part of Section 3, 
Coal Township, from the light, bluish-gray, calcareous, extremely 
fossiliferous shales which outcrop at the mouth of the old abandoned 
Tom Corwin mine. The geologic section at this locality follows (Lo¬ 
cality 82) : 2 


Rocks measured at the old Tom Corwin mine , Section 3, Coal Township, 

Jackson County 

Feet Inches 


Ore, calcareous, Black Flint horizon _ — g 

Covered_ 25 


Sandstone, shaly, calcareous, very fossili-' 

ferous_ 

Limestone, shaly, very fossiliferous_ 

Shale, dark, very fossiliferous_ 

J Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 186, 1916. 

2 Idem., p. 174. 


> McArthur _ 

























STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


121 


Coal_ 

Clay, slate with thin coal bands 

Coal___ 

Clay, dark__ 

Coal__ 

Clay shale, dark_ 

Covered_1__ 

Ore, Upper Mercer _ 


Tionesta _ 


Feet 

1 


1 

14 


Inches 

2 

6 

5 

11 

10 

6 

4 


The fossils listed below were collected at the old Tom Corwin mine: 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Ed wards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella shumardi Prout? ? 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Derby a crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella varica McChesney 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Vinton County.—The McArthur member is extremely well devel¬ 
oped in Vinton County. In the southern portion, northwestern part 
of Section 34, Richland Township, very fossiliferous shales outcrop 
south of Jackman School and afford excellent collecting. The section 
below, measured at this locality, shows the relation of the various mem¬ 
bers of the upper Pottsville formation to each other (Locality 83) : l 


*Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 175, 1916. 













122 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Shale, dark blue_ 

Ore, kidney, Black Flint horizon - 

Shale____ 

Shale and covered_ 

Shale, very fossiliferous, McArthur - 

Coal, Tionesta _ 

The following fossils were identified: 

Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Composita sp. 

Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 
Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 
Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 

Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen 
Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Naticopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen) 
Sphaerodoma newberryi (Stevens) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 


Feet 

4 


5 

19 

4 

5 


Inches 

8 


1 


! 










The type locality for the stratum is found in the central part of 
the county, Elk Township, in the vicinity of the town of McArthur 
where it is represented by massive, bluish-gray argillaceous limestone 
about 6 feet in thickness, which abounds in fossils. It is found on 
many hills of the vicinity, but probably the best exposure of the lime¬ 
stone occurs at' Moore mine in the northern part of Section 17, about 
two miles northwest of McArthur where it lies directly above the Tion¬ 
esta coal and forms the roof of the mine. From the piles of limestone 
blocks lying around the mouth of the mine easy and profitable col¬ 
lecting is furnished, for the limestone possesses a great wealth of fossils 











STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


123 


both in species and individuals which are generally in an excellent 
state of preservation (Locality 84). The forms listed below were col¬ 
lected from this locality: 

Crinoid segments 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Fenestella shumardi Prout ?? 

Fenestellids undetermined 
Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Crania modesta White and St. John 
Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek 
Edmondia gibbosa (McCoy) 

Edmondia meekiana (Herrick) 

Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen 
Edmondia reflexa Meek 
Nucula parva McChesney 
Nuculopsis ventricosa (Hall) 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 
Leda meekana Mark 
Yoldia glabra Beede and Rogers 
Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus mooresi Miller ? 

Schizodus subcircularis Herrick 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard) 

Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Entolium attenuatum Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus oblongus Meek 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 




124 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Astartella compacta Girty 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella newberryi Meek 
Astartella varica McChesney 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Plagioglypta prosseri n. sp. 

Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen 
Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus var. tricarinatus (Shumard) 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 

Phanerotrema grayvillense (Norwood and Pratten) 

Pleurotomaria newportensis White? 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Naticopsis tortum (Meek) 

Zygopleura plenum (Herrick) 

Bulimorpha inornata (Meek and Worthen)? 

Sphaerodoma brevis (White) 

Sphaerodoma fusiformis (Hall)? 

Sphaerodoma klipparti (Meek) 

Sphaerodoma newberryi (Stevens) 

Sphaerodoma primigenia (Conrad) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Another good collecting place is found in the northwestern part of 


Section 32, Madison Township, about two miles west of Prattsville, at 


the mouth of an old coal mine located a few hundred yards south of the 


McArthur pike. The stratum here consists of dark gray, calcareous 
shales which are very soft and friable, but extremely rich in fossils. 
The geologic section below was measured at the mouth of the old mine 
(Locality 85): 


Feet Inches 


Shale, gray_ 

Shale, dark gray, very fossiliferous, McArthur 


6 

4 


Coal. 

Shale. 

CoaL 



1 1 


7 

2 6 


The following species were identified: 

Crinoid segments 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 







STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


125 


Spirifer opimus Hall 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Edmondia gibbosa (McCoy) 

Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus subcircularis Herrick 
Schizodus mooresi Miller ? 

Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 

Allerisma terminale Hall 

Pleurophorella costata (Meek and Worthen) 

Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella varica McChesney 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Naticopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Hocking County.—In Hocking County the member consists of both 
fossiliferous limestone and shale interbedded with each other. The 
following geologic section measured near the plant of the National Fire 
Proofing Co. at Haydenville, Green Township, in the southeastern 
part of the county, shows the character and relations of the stratum: 

Feet Inches 


Sandstone, shaly_ s _ 10 8 

Shale, dark, calcareous, fossiliferous, McArthur - 1 

Coal, Tionesta _ -- 5 

Sandstone, hard_ -- 9 

Shale, bony, hard_ 1 7 

Shale, fossiliferous_ \ Bedford - i 5 

Coal, hard_ J l -- 5 

Clay, light, siliceous_ 11 6 


In Section 36, Green Township, at the mine of the Logan Clay 
Products Co., one mile east of Logan, excellent collections can be 
obtained from the limestone and shale. The following geologic section 
was measured at this locality (Locality 86): 











126 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Feet Inches 


Sandstone, yellow_ 20 

Shale, gray_ 18 

Shale, blue, fossiliferous_1 f 4 8 

Limestone, argillaceous, very fossilifer- > McArthur - < 

ous_ J t -- 31 

Coal, Tionesta _ -- 6 

Clay______ 14 


The forms listed below were identified: 

Crinoid segments and plates 

Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 

Polypora fastuosa Foerste 
Fenestellidae undetermined 
Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Amboccelia planoconvexa (Shumard) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Pleurophorella costata (Meek and Worthen) 

Astartella compacta Girty 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella varica McChesney 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 

Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwood aud Pratten 
Naticopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Coloceras sp. 

Metacoceras sp. 

Perry County.—In Perry County the stratum is generally notably 
thick. It consists of limestones and calcareous shales, both of which 
are fossiliferous. No collections were made in the county but the 
following sections will show the lithologic character of the member and 
its relations to the strata below: 









PLATE V. 



A—Projecting ledge of Putnam Hill limestone with Brookville coal below; Tionesta 
coal, shown by dark streak, a few feet above road. Dugway at Putnam Hill, 
Zanesville, Muskingum County 



B—The Carl Crabtree mine in which Tionesta clay is mined for the general market. 
Putnam Hill limestone exposed about 15 feet above the mine. Blunt Run, Mus¬ 
kingum County (Locality 27) 


























































STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


127 


Section measured in pit of Central Refractories Co ., Lexington, 
Perry County 


Feet 

Shale, gray_____ 20 

Shale, blue, concretionary, sparingly 

fossiliferous_ 

Limestone, ferruginous, fossiliferous_ 

Shale, calcareous, fossiliferous_ 


Coal, Tionesta ___ 1 

Clay, part siliceous___ 11 


> McArthur _ 


Inches 


Strata measured at mine of Ludowici Celadon Co., Section 7, 
Pike Township, Perry County 


Shale, blue_ 

Shale, blue, concretionary, sparingly 1 

fossiliferous_f McArthur 

Limestone, impure, very fossiliferous_ J 

Coal_1 

Shale__f Tionesta __ 

Coal_ J 

Clay- 

Flint, black, irregular, Upper Mercer _ 

Coal, Bedford ___ 

Muskingum and Coshocton Counties.—North of Perry County 
the McArthur member has been found in a number of places, but the 
deposit is thin and sparingly fossiliferous. In most cases, however, if 
it is present, it forms a part of the mass of shales which occupy the 
entire interval between the Tionesta horizon and the Putnam Hill 
limestone of the Allegheny formation. 

Summary 

The McArthur member is generally represented by calcareous 
shale, although impure limestone and sandy shale may mark the hori¬ 
zon or may be inter bedded with the calcareous shale. At the type 
locality near McArthur in Vinton County, the limestone phase is well 
developed. The stratum is bluish-gray to almost black in color and is 
everywhere extremely rich in fossil remains. The member is ^lso well 
developed in Jackson County as far south as Monroe Furnace, and ex¬ 
tends northward into Hocking, Perry, Muskingum, and Coshocton 
counties. In thickness it varies from 1 to 15 feet, and it forms the 
fifth member of the series of marine limestones of the Pennsylvanian 
system in Ohio. 

The complete list of fossils collected from the McArthur member 
follows: 


Feet Inches 

20 

8 

4 

9 

1 

1 4 

3 
1 
1 



















POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 
Crinoid segments 

Bascomella gigantea n. gen. and n. sp. 

Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 

Polypora fastuosa Foerste 
Fenestellids undetermined 
Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

Crania modesta White and St. John 
Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Pustula pertenuis (Meek) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 
Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) ^ 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 

Spirifer opimus Hall 

Ambocoelia planoconvexa (Shumard) 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Composita sp. 

Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek 
Edmondia gibbosa (McCoy) 

Edmondia meekiana (Herrick) 

Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen 
Edmondia reflexa Meek 
Nucula parva McChesney 
Nuculopsis ventricosa (Hall) 

Leda bellistriata Stevens 

Leda meekana Mark 

Yoldia glabra Beede and Rogers ? 

Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek) 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Schizodus affinis Herrick 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus mooresi Miller ? 

Schizodus subcircularis Herrick 
Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 


STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


129 


Deltopecten occidentals (Shumard) 

Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Entolium attenuatum Herrick 
Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Lima retifera Shumard 
Allerisma terminale Hall 
Pleurophorella costata (Meek and Worthen) 
Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus oblongus Meek 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella compacta Girty 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Astartella newberryi Meek 
Astartella varica McChesney 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 

Plagioglypta prosseri n. sp. 

Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen 
Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus var. tricarinatus (Shumard) 
Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 
Phanerotrema grayvillense (Norwood and Pratten) 
Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwood and Pratten 
Pleurotomaria newportensis White 
Pleurotomaria sp. 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Naticopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen) 

Naticopsis tortum (Meek) 

Zygopleura plenum (Herrick) 

Efulimorpha inornata (Meek and Worthen) ? 
Sphaerodoma brevis (White) 

Sphaerodoma fusiformis (Hall) ? 

Sphaerodoma klipparti (Meek) 

Sphaerodoma newberryi (Stevens) 

Sphaerodoma primigenia (Conrad) 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 

Coloceras sp. 

Metacoceras sp. 


5—G. B. 25. 


130 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


BLACK FLINT MEMBER 
Stratigraphy and Extent 

The Black Flint member, which forms the next fossiliferous hori¬ 
zon above the McArthur limestone, is near the top of the Pottsville 
formation. It is a very local deposit and its outcrop is confined to 
Jackson and southwestern Vinton counties. 1 The member is associated 
with the basal member of the Allegheny formation, namely the Brook- 
ville coal, which it either directly underlies or from which it is separated 
by a few feet of clay and shale; however, the coal is much more per¬ 
sistent than the flint. The interval between the Black Flint and the 
Tionesta coal with its accompanying McArthur member varies from 10 
to 35 feet with an average of 21 feet. In Jackson County, Washington 
Township, the entire thickness of the Pottsville formation from the 
Sharon conglomerate at the base to the Black Flint was measured in 
Section 21 from the old Glen Nell mine to the hill just west of the Town 
House and was found to be 273 feet. 2 

The Black Flint horizon is marked by deposits of extremely hard, 
lustrous, black flint; impure, very fossiliferous limestone; and nodular 
iron ore. In the southern part of Jackson County heavy beds of sand¬ 
stone mark the top of the Pottsville formation; northward in Lick 
Township, east of Jackson, the member is represented by fairly per¬ 
sistent iron ore, 5 to 15 feet below the Brookville coal. When only one 
bench is represented, the thickness is about 6 to 8 inches, although 
three benches, each 4 to 6 inches thick, may be present. Fossils are 
absent or are found very sparingly. The ore was formerly used for 
smelting in the old charcoal furnaces of the vicinity. 

In the northeastern part of Jackson County, including Coal and 
northern Milton townships, the flint and ore are both present in patches 
although they are seldom found together. The flint is deep black, 
lustrous, and about a foot in thickness; in the latter township it is 
underlain by shaly, gray limestone which contains a great abundance 
of fossils in an excellent state of preservation. The ore on the horizon 
measures 8 inches in thickness. In Washington Township only flint 
and gray limestone are present. 

As the flint passes northward into Vinton County it thickens some¬ 
what and is found in Richland, Clinton, and Elk townships where both 
-ore and flint are present. The thickness of the ore is about 8 inches 
while that of the flint varies from 1 to 2 feet. In central Richland 
Township the flint and gray limestones are exposed on the high knobs, 
while in western Clinton Township, east of'Hamden, they are found at 
the tops of some of the hills. The northern limit of the deposit is in 

x Stout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, pp. 179-187, 1916. 

2 Idem., p. 183. 



STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


131 


Elk Township, where it consists of very patchy, shaly limestone and 
flint. 

Faunally the Black Flint member resembles the Lower Mercer 
limestone, although it is much less fossiliferous both in number of 
individuals and in species; gastropods are likewise very rare. Bryozoans, 
mostly Fenestellidae, are the most abundant class of fossils represented, 
and are more numerous individually than in any other member of the 
Pottsville formation of this State. The greater part are, however, not 
sufficiently well preserved to make satisfactory identification possible. 

Conditions of Deposition 

The black flint and shaly limestone were deposited during the 
closing shallow water stage of Pottsville time, and mark a continuation 
of the same conditions which had existed during the deposition of the 
McArthur limestone. During the entire interval which elapsed be¬ 
tween the formation of the Tionesta and Brookville coals, shallow 
waters favorable for the deposition of limestone prevailed over the 
region; sediments, however, were carried to the sea and deposited at 
varying rates, resulting in the formation of calcareous shales and sand¬ 
stones, and shaly limestones. While the Black Flint member was 
deposited, the sea supported fairly abundant life, whose remains are 
excellently preserved in the shaly limestones. The formation of the 
flint on the horizon was similar to that of the Upper Mercer member. 
At the close of the shallow water period, swamp conditions again pre¬ 
vailed during which the basal member of the Allegheny formation, the 
Brookville coal, was laid down. 

Description of Geologic Sections and Collecting Localities 

Jackson County.—One of the best exposures of Black Flint is 
located in Washington Township in the road just north of the Town 
House in Section 22, and it is also found capping the hill to the west. 
The calcareous, shaly limestone outcrops on top of the hill about one- 
fourth of a mile south of the above locality where blocks of limestone 
are scattered over the field to the east of the road. The deposit is 
extremely fossiliferous and affords excellent collecting. The geologic 
section measured from the old Glen Nell mine in the western part of 
Section 21, to the hill capped with Black Flint west of the Town House 
shows the entire thickness of the Pottsville formation, as well as the 
relation of the Black Flint to the underlying members (Locality 87) i 1 


^tout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 183, 1916. 



132 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Strata measured from old Glen Nell mine to hill west of Town House, 
Sections 21 and 22, Washington Township, Jackson County 


Feet Inches 

Flint, black, Black Flint _ 1 

Shale and covered _ __ 18 

Shale_ 3 

Coal blossom, Tionesta _ 1 

Clay, sandy_ 2 

Sandstone_ 37 

Covered_*.- 14 

Shale, dark_ 6 

Coal, Upper Mercer __ 1 

Shale and covered- 3 

Shale, sandy->.- 8 

Covered_'_ T ._- 4 

Sandstone_ 12 -- 

Or e, Lower Mercer _ __ 2 

Covered_ 75 

Sandstone_ 5 

Coal, irregular_ -- 

Sandstone_ 3 

Sandstone and shale, irregular_ 3 

Coal, Quakertown _ 2 

Covered__ 61 

Sandstone, coarse-grained_ 12 

Ore, Sharon _ __ 7 

Shale_ _ _ 4 

Coal, Sharon _ 3 1 

Covered_ 3 

Conglomerate, Sharon _ 15 


The following fossils were collected at this locality: 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Archaeocidaris spines 

Fenestella remota Foerste 
Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 

Fenestella venusta Mather ? 

Fenestellids undetermined 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 


O (N CO CO 





























STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


133 


Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

1 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 

Hard, black flint outcrops near the top of the hill in the central 
part of Section 3, Coal Township, west of the northeast-southwest 
road, one mile northeast of Davisville. The flint is very fossiliferous 
and is especially rich in bryozoans which are, for the most part, too 
poorly preserved for identification (Locality 88). The forms listed 
below were identified: 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 

Fenestellids undetermined 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Rhcmbopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 


134 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


A few specimens of Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield), which prob¬ 
ably belong to the Black Fint horizon, were also obtained in Coal 
Township just west of Wellston from the impure shaly limestone 30 
feet above the Tionesta coal (Locality 89). 

Vinton County.— In Section 34, Richland Township, near the 
Jackman School, the Black Flint member is represented by an iron 
ore. The following section shows the relation of the member to the 
Tionesta coal and to the extremely fossiliferous, calcareous shales 
which mark the McArthur horizon: 1 

Feet Inches 

Ore, Black Flint horizon - -- & 

Shale_ 5 

Shale and covered- 19 

Shale, very fossiliferous (McArthur) - 4 

Coal, Tionesta - 5 1 

The forms below were obtained from the extremely hard, unfos- 
siliferous black flint which is exposed in the roadbed near Mt. Zion 
School, in Section 24, Richland Township (Locality 90). The flint 
measures 1 foot 6 inches at this locality. 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 


Excellent exposures of Black Flint are present in many localities 
in Elk Township, where the member is exceptionally thick and every¬ 
where fossiliferous-. Fossils are, however, present very sparingly in 
the black flint phase, but are abundant in the impure shaly limestone. 
The following strata were measured in the southeastern part of Section 
11, along the northeast-southwest road (Locality 91): 

Rock succession in the southeastern part of Section 11, Elk Township, 

Vinton County 

Feet. Inches 


Allegheny formation 

Coal blossom, Clarion - 2 

Clay- 5 __ 

Shale with scattered ore nodules- 17 

Coal blosson, Brookville _ 4 

Pottsville fornnation 

Clay_ 1 

Flint, gray to black and impure limestone, Black Flint. __ 2 6 

Coal blossom_ 2 


^tout, W., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 20, p. 185, 1916. 














STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


135 


Pollsville Jormation—Concluded . Feet i nc hes 

Clay and covered_ __ 4 

Shale and covered_ 11 

Shale, very fossiliferous, McArthur _ 4 

Coal blossom, Tionesta _ 3 6 

Clay- 7 


The following fossils were collected from the impure shaly lime¬ 
stone at this locality: 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 
Archaeocidaris spines 
Spirorbis sp. 

Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 

Fenestella venusta Mather ? 

Fenestellids undetermined 
Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Posidonia ? acosta (Cox) ? 

Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and WDrthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 

Samples of black flint were obtained from the Ogan farm in the 
southeastern part of Section 14, same township, four miles northeast of 
McArthur. Here the member is composed entirely of extremely hard, 
unusually fossiliferous flint and reaches the exceptional thickness of 6 
feet as shown below (Locality 92): 







136 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Feet Inches 

Coal, Brookville _ 1 ® 

Clay- 1 

Flint, gray to black, Black Flint - 6 

Coal____— 2 6 

The species listed below were obtained: 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 
Archaeocidaris spines 
Spirorbis sp. 

Fenestella delicatula Ulrich 
Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 

Fenestella venusta Mather ? 

Fenestellids undetermined 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Trachydomia sp. with Spirorbis sp. 

The Black Flint in Spook Hollow, southwestern part of Section 23, 
one and one-half miles east of McArthur, was also examined for fossils, 
but a few fragments of Lepidodendron sp. constituted the only form 
which was obtained. The following section was measured here (Lo¬ 
cality 93): 







STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


137 


Clay, Brookville, formerly mined 

Clay- 

Flint, gray to black, Black Flint. 

Covered_ 

Sandstone and covered_ 


Feet 


1 

1 

52 

40 


Inches 


Summary 

The Black Flint member forms the uppermost stratum of the 
Pottsville formation and, in ascending order, the sixth marine limestone 
of this formation. The deposit is a very local one and occurs only in 
parts of Jackson and Vinton counties. It consists of iron ore, black 
flint, and shaly limestone, the latter of which is extremely fossiliferous 
and is directly associated with the flint. The flinty phase is confined 
largely to northern Jackson County including Coal and Washington 
townships, and to southwestern Vinton County including Richland, 
Clinton, and Elk townships. The flint and limestone vary from 1 
to 2 feet in thickness, while the ore generally measures from 4 to 8 
inches. The complete list of fossils obtained from the Black Flint 
member is given below: 

Lepidodendron sp. 

Fusulina secalica (Say) 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

Crinoid segments 
Archaeocidaris plates and spines 
Spirorbis sp. 

Fenestella delicatula Ulrich 
Fenestella remota Foerste 
Fenestella shumardi Prout ? 

Fenestella venusta Mather ? 

Fenestellids undetermined 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 
Prismopora sereafa (Meek) 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
Productus cora d’ Orbigny 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 







138 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 
Spirifer opimus Hall 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

Composita subtilita (Hall) 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 
Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

Myalina pernaformis Cox 
Myalina swallovi McChesney 
Posidonia ? acosta (Cox) ? 

Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 
Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 
Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Prat ten) 
Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

Trachydomia sp. 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick 


STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


139 


RANGE OF POTTSVILLE FOSSILS IN OHIO 



Members 

Complete list of fossils from the Pottsville 
formation 

Harrison 

Sharon 

Anthony 

Quakertown 

Bear Run 

Lowell ville 

Boggs 

Lower Mercer 

Lower Mercer Ore 

Sand Block Ore 

Upper Mercer 

McArthur 

Black Flint 

Plan tap 



X 




X 

X 



X 



Gnrda.it.ps sp. 





X 








CIfl.lfi.mit, ps sp. 






X 














X H 






X 












X 














X 











X 



X 


X 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and 











X 



Lophophyllum profundum (Milne- 
Ed wards and TTaimp) 








X 



X 

X 

X 

Eupachycrinus mooresi (Whitfield) 
Crinoid segments 







X 

X 






X 

X 




X 

X 

X 



X 

X 

X 

Archaeocidaris plates and spines 







X 



X 


X 

Spirorbis sp. _ 













X 

Bascoir.ella gigantea n. gen. and 
n fin 












X 


Tfihiilinnrn nliinpiiQN (Foprsfp) 






X 

X 

X 






ChninnHir*tvnn Ifixiim Fnprsfp 







X 






Fenestellids undetermined_ 











X 

X 

X 














X 

Fpnpstplla limbata Foprstp 








X 



X 



Fpnpstplla rpmnfa Fnpratp 








X 





X 

Fpnpstplla shnmardi Front, 






X 

X 

X 



X 

X 

X 

Fprpetplln vpnn«ta Matlipr ? 













X 

Fpnpfitplla sn 







X 

X 



X 



PnlvHATQ focfllAQA FflPTQtP 








X 




X 


rnlt/nni’Cl en 








X 






r 1TVT1Q f AAATO tlT n 1 f n H APrcf P 








X 
















X 



Spntpnprn hicprialic ^Swallow) 







X 

X 



X 


X 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis 

rf'Mpplr'l 








X 



X 


X 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 







X 

X 



X 

X 

X 








X 






r\ 4- v»t r-*~\ n tv\ Ar/inyi Y"| 








X 






| ’trol Afi i aHto nfifnATloriQ [ IV i OO E 1 








X 



X 



v^ysioaiCLya carDonarid; vivitJcKy — 

PriCTHAHATQ CPrPClf O f IVTpPk ) 








X 



X 

X 

X 








































































































140 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


RANGE OF POTTSVILLE FOSSILS IN OHIO—Continued 


Members 


Complete list of fossils from the Pottsville 
formation 

Harrison 

Sharon 

Anthony 

Quakertown 

Bear Run 

Lowell ville 

to 

bO 

$> 

o 

m 

Lower Mercer 

Lower Mercer Ore 

Sand Block Ore 

Upper Mercer 

McArthur 

Black Flint 



X 

X 

X 


X 

X 

X 



X 

X 








X 









X 


















X 






Orbiculoidea capuliformis 

X? 

X? 





X 













X 



X 

X 

X 

Orbiculoidea inissouriensis 






X 

X 

X 



X 

X 



X 

X 












Orbiculoidea sp. 








X 




Crania modesta White and St. John 
Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 








X 



X 

X 







X 


X 




X 

X 

Snbizonhoria nltirostris fMather) 








X 





Sphizorihorifl sr> 

X 












k/vlilt/'-'Miiv/i ici — — —-- 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 
Derbya robusta (Hall) - 





X 

X 

X 

X 


X 

X 

X 








X 






Chonetes choteauensis Mather 






X 

X 

X 






Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and 
Pra t.ten 






X 

X 


1 

X 

X 

X 

Aulacorhynchus millepunctatus 
(Meek and Worthen) 








X 





Productus cora d’Orbigny 






X 

X 

X 

X 


X 

X 

X 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 
Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 
var 






X 

X 

X 



X 

X 

X 







X 

X 



X 


Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 






X 

X 

X 



X 

X 

X 

Pustula pertenuis (Meek) 


X 






X 




X 


Pustula punctatus (Martin) 






X 

X 

X 



X 



Pustula symmetricus (McChesney) 
Marginifera muricata var. missouri- 
ensis Girty - ■ _ _ _ _ 







X 



X 




X 




X 


X 



X 

X 

X 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood 
and Pratten) 





X 

X 

X 



X 

X 

X 

Dielasma bovidens Morton ? _ 






X 





Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 
Spirifer boonensis Swallow ? * 

X? 

X? 




X 

X 

X 

X 


X 

X 

X 




X 

X 


X 

x 

Spirifer cameratus Morton 








X 



X 

X 

X 

Spirifer opiums Hall 






X 


X 

X 


X 

X 

X 

Ambocoelia planoconvexa (Shu¬ 
mard)_ _ __ --- 









X 
































































































STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


141 


RANGE OF POTTSVILLE FOSSILS IN OHIO—Continued 


Members 


Complete list of fossils from the Pottsville 
formation 

Harrison 

Sharon 

Anthony 

Quakertown 

Bear Run 

Lowellville 

Boggs 

Lower Mercer 

Lower Mercer Ore 

Sand Block Ore 

Upper Mercer 

McArthur 

| Black Flint 

Ambocoelia planoconvexa (Shu- 






X 








Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 







X 

X 



X 

X 

X 

x 













Compo«ita subtil'" fa (TTn.lb \ 

X 

X 




X 

X 

X 

X 


X 

X 

X 







X 




X 

X 
















Minute Pelecypoda, three or more 










X 




Solenomya radiata Meek and 
Wnrthpn 








X 






Q/ilonnrmra ?? clinrnTlPIKlS 71 SD 


x 












OOlcIlUIIijct i • OiJdlUIlCllolO op. — — 

Ca lnnAmnrnlin lqinlinT’TII T1 SD 


X 












OUlcilUIIlUi pilct laiiiuui m u* oj^.- 

Pr/dVnn’iG A/IpPk 







X 



X 



riUlIljilo clt-gaiio 1VJ.CC/JV- 

FrlmnnHiq qnorloTltoidpS (iViGGk) ? 








X 






ijUIIlUJilUld dilUUUU IU1UCO • - 

T<Ylmr\rwliD lloTLSlS IVIgGiv 








X 




X 


jjUIIlUllUlct dopni aiicuoio xtav/v/av- 

EdmnndiQ nriKhnpq fMp.Cov) 



. 





X 




X 


XjUlIlUilvUd giUJJULa /-— - 

T?dmAnrlin mDoL'l q riQ ( TTpmplcl ? 








X 




X 


IjuIHUilUld) Illv/Civldlld yiici iivyivy -- 

Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen 
Edmondia ? peroblonga Meek and 

Wnrthpn ? _ 








X 



X 

X 








X 







T7rlmr\nrliQ rPnOYH IVTpPk 








X 




X 


XbGIIlUIlLllct I cllCAd) 1VACCJV- 

TT.dmonniq cn - _ 






X 

X 






Nucula beyrichi von Schauroth - 

\ T i i /ii 1 1 0 r\| ATI rrQ t Q T 1 v YA 

x 







X 







X 






X? 






lNUCUia GlOIlgaba ll. » - 

"Mii/inlo lunnlafa Ciirtv IT1SS 


X 











INUCuia lUllUldld/ vjii by moo.- 







X 




X 


iNUCUia parva lvicv-mcoiicy—- 

Nucula subrctundata Girty mss.__ 

"\Tii/-»■»11 n TTAri4 t*iP oe q ( H Dll) 

x 

X 












x 

X 






X 




X 


IN UCUiopsis veiitiicu^a -— 

T r\A n Vinlltc+rio + a SstpVPTISS 





X 

X 

X 




X 


Jjclia Uclllotllaldi utcvciio- 

T ndn i fl o t o flirtv rncc 


X 












JLGQa lnnaia vjjiily moo.- 








X 




X 


T rv/l fi »--vy%/ v 1 /> rro t Q Y1 cn 







X 

X 






Yoldia glabra Beede and Rogers ? _ 












X 









X 






xOlQia StGVGIloOm IVlt/t/iv- 

A v-v i-Iv«r» /-»/\nrvi 1 a KATxrnApl/'PT’l CD 


X 












Antnraconeiio DovviioLKtui n. op. - - 

PnmllnlArlAr» nn tEv/ATI D T*111CJ (1 ON ) 





. 

X 

X 



X 

X 


raraiieioaon caiuoiiaiiuo \,vua; - 

pq pn 1 loin Hon oVmolpfllS (Mcfik) 






.XI 

> 

. X 




. X 


JL till ailClUUUll UUoUlCbUO - - — 

Parallelodon sangamonensis 






. X 


. X 

X 

_ 

. X 

X 

_ 


















































































































142 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


RANGE OF POTTSVILLE FOSSILS IN OHIO—Continued 


Complete list of fossils from the Pottsville 
formation 

Members 

c 

S 

E 

cd 

w 

1 
ca 
X 

tn 

>> 

G 

o 

X 

G 

< 

G 

| 

1 

td 

3 

a 

G 

3 

& 

w 

cd 

<u 

PQ 

> 

I 

o 

►3 

V) 

be 

bo 

o 

« 

u 

a> 

o 

fe 

s 

u 

QJ 

% 

o 

CD 

u 

o 

u 

CD 

1 
<D 

s 

v 

& 

o 

l-q 

8 

o 

■3 

o 

S 

§ 

05 

U 

CD 

s 

u 

<D 

a 

a 

u 

3 

X 

1 

o 

s 

.s 

E 

X 

o 

cd 

E 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek 














and Worthen)_ 

X 






X 

X 



X 

X 

X 

Aviculopinna americana Meek 







X 







Pteria ohioense (Herrick)__ 








X 




X 

X? 

Pseudomonotis sp._ . _ _ __ 








X 






Posidonia ? acosta (Cox) ?_ _ _ _ 








X 





X 

Posidonia girtyi n. sp.__ 






X 


X 






Posidonia vintonensis n. sp._ _ __ 








X 






Posidonia sp.?_ _ _ _ _ 







. 

X 





X 

Myalina pernaformis Cox_ 







X 

X 



X 

X 

X 

Myalina pernaformis Cox var_ 

X 













Myalina recurvirostris var. sinuosa 














n. var._ _ _ 








x 






Myalina swallovi McChesney_ 








X 




X 

X 

Naiadites elongata Dawson. __ 


X 


X 

X 


X 







Naiadites ohioense n. sp.__ __ 


X 












Naiadites sp.__ _ _ _ ___ _ 



X 











Schizodus affinis Herrick___ 

X 






X 

X 




x 


Schizodus amplus Meek and 









9 





Worthen__ _ _ _ ___ 







X 







Schizodus cuneatus Meek_ _ _ 








X 






Schizodus curtus Meek and 














Worthen__ _ _ _ 







X 

X 




X 

X 

Schizodus mooresi Miller ? _ __ 








X 




X 


Schizodus subcircularis Herrick_ 

X 











X 


Schizodus wheeleri Swallow. _ _ _ 







X 

X 



X 

X 

X 

Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and 














Worthen____ 

X 

X 




X 

X 

x 



x 

X 

X 

Aviculopecten herzeri Meek_ 








X 




X 

X 

Aviculopecten pellucidus Meek and 














Worthen____ 






X 








Aviculopecten sorer Herrick_ 








X 






Deltopecten occidentals (Shumard) 







X 

X 




X 


Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick)_ 







X 

X 



x 

X 

X 

Acanthopecten carboniferous 














(Stevens)—.___ 







x 

x 



x 

x 

x 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick_ 







X 

X 



x 

x 


Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz)_ 






X 


X 



x 


x 

Entolium attenuatum Herrick_ 








X 




X 


Entolium aviculatus (Swallow)_ 








X 



x 

x 

x 

Lima retifera Shumard.. —_ 








X 


- 


X 






































































































STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


143 


RANGE OF POTTSVILLE FOSSILS IN OHIO—Continued 


Members 


Complete list of fossils from the Pottsville 
formation 

Harrison 

Sharon 

Anthony 

Quakertown 

Bear Run 

Lowellville 

Boggs 

Lower Mercer 

Lower Mercer Ore 

Sand Block Ore 

Upper Mercer 

McArthur 

| Black Flint 

Placunopsis ? recticardinalis Meek. 








X 













X 




X 


Pleurophorella costata (Meek and 








X 

X 



X 










X 






Pleurophorella sesquiplicata Price 








X 













X 




X 

X 



x 






X 




X 

X 









X 






Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek_ 






X 


X 



X 

X 

X 








X 




X 








X 

X 

X 



X 

X 

X 









X 




X 










X 



X 

X 


A of o-rfoll q op 






X 








Otmri nn rd l n 1 <1 ? POrl lOPHriQ "1VT 








X 




X 


vV UIllaHUIlld . tod uuuana iucciv— 














T)1 n m i Arrl Q rn aa]/ q p O ( l iPlPlt,7 ) 








X 






i Jagiogiypia iiieen.d.nci ^ueiuiw; — 

PlofYiAfrlirptQ TYIYYC’CPTI T1 STl 








X 




X 


X J pivkOCll Al. OJ^. —- 














Minute Gastropoda, three or more 










X 




Bellerophon crassus Meek and 

WT Art V» on 

X 

X 






X 




X 


Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Con- 







X 




X 


Pharkidonotus perearinatus var. 








X 




X 


"TP 11 11 n no vl tAP Q T*1 I1Q ( \ .AY ) 

x 

x 





X 

X 

X 



X 


iLupnemus Cdxuuiid/iiuo (vua; - 

i t-v Vi a m tic? w A f 1A oori Yl qtllQ i i 1 fill ) 








X 




X 


iLvipnemus nuuuLd/iiiiciLUb yxicxiij — 








X 




X 


Bueanopsis meekiana (Swallow) — 
Patellostium montfortianum (Nor- 








X 




X 

X 

Phanerotrema grayvillense (Nor- 








X 




X 










X 














X 






Pleurotomaria broadheadi White. _ 
Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwood 








X 




X 


Pleurotomaria coxanus Meek and 








X 






Pleurotomaria newportensis White - 
Pleurotomaria ornatiformis n. sp. - 

Pleurotomaria, several species- 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) _ - 
Naticopsis altonensis (McChesney) 








X 




X 



x 






X 






A 

X 

x 

A. 

x 





X 


. X 


. X 

X 


X 




X 

X 

X 




X 

X 

i_ 




X 

X 































































































































144 POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 

RANGE OF POTTSVILLE FOSSILS IN OHIO—Concluded 


Complete list of fossils from the Pottsville 
formation 


Members 


Naticopsis nanus (Meek and 

Worthen)_ 

Naticopsis pulchella n. sp- 

Naticopsis tortum (Meek)- 

Naticopsis ventricosus (Norwood 

and Pratten)- 

Trachydomia sp- 

Zygopleura plenum (Herrick)- 

Zygopleura plicata (Whitfield)- 

Hemizyga n. sp. •- 

Bulimorpha inornata (Meek and 

Worthen)_ 

Sphaerodoma brevis (White)- 

Sphaerodoma fusiformis (Hall) ? _ - 
Sphaerodoma humilis (Keyes) 

Sphaerodoma klipparti (Meek)- 

Sphaerodoma newberryi (Stevens). 
Sphaerodoma primigenia (Conrad). 

Sphaerodoma regularis (Cox) ?- 

Sphaerodoma ventricosa (Hall)- 

Sphaerodoma sp_ 


Conularia crustula White- 

Conularia newberryi Winchell ?. 


Ortho ceras isogramma Meek- 

Orthoceras n. sp- 

Orthoceras n. sp- 

Orthoceras sp._ 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense 

(McChesney)- 

Coloceras sp_ 

Metacoceras pottsvillensis n. sp. 

Metacoceras sp—.. 

Temnocheilus forbesianus 

(McChesney)___ 

Endolobus (Temnocheilus ?) 

ortoni (Whitfield)_ 

Epphipioceras sp._ 


Phillipsia sangamonensis Meek and 

Worthen_ 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick— 
Estheria_ 


X 


X 


X 


XXX 


X 


X 


X 


X? 


X 


X 


X 


Fish teeth and plates. 


































































































STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


145 


REGISTER OF LOCALITIES 


HARRISON ORE 


1. Jackson County: Section 22, Hamilton Tp., Harrison ore in stream bed of tribu¬ 

tary of Little Scioto River, below house of Philip Meldick. Mr. W. Stout 

SHARON ORE 

2. Scioto County: Section 14, Porter Tp.; Sharon ore near mouth of Lick Run, on 

farm of Joseph Jenkins. Mr. W. Stout 

3. Scioto County: northern part of Section 15, Madison Tp.; shale above Sharon 

coal from roof of mine on farm of John Alexander near head of Higgins Run. 

Mr. W. Stout 

4. Scioto County: western part of Section 15, Madison Tp.; shale above Sharon 

coal from Harry Odle mine in creek bed. Mr. W. Stout 

5. Jackson County: Section 21, Washington Tp.; Sharon ore from coal dump at 

mouth of Glen Nell mine. Mr. W. Stout 

6. Jackson County: central part of Section 34, Hamilton Tp.; bone shales on Sharon 

ore horizon from road just east of Tattle Creek. 

ANTHONY SHALE 

7. Scioto County: near Scioto Furnace, shale on Anthony coal horizon from mine 

of Wm. E. Dee Clay Product Co. Mr. W. Stout 

8. Scioto County: Scioto Furnace, bone shale above Anthony coal from mine of 

Buckeye Fire & Clay Co. Mr. W. Stout 


QUAKERTOWN SHALE 

9. Jackson County: northeastern part of Section 32, Coal Tp.; shale on Quaker- 
town coal horizon from Wilson mine. Mr. W. Stout 

10. Jackson County: central part of Section 35, Coal Tp.; shale on Quakertown coal 

horizon from Twin-Ada mine, at Glenroy. Mr. W. Stout 

11. Jackson County: northeastern part of Section 10, Coal Tp.; shale on Quakertown 

coal horizon from Grace mine, just east of Davisville. (Fossils from Lower 
Mercer limestone and ore also collected in vicinity of Grace mine.) Mr. W. Stout 

12. Summit County: eastern county line, shale from Quakertown coal horizon near 

Magadore Station, five miles east of Akron. Mr. W. Stout 

BEAR RUN ORE AND SHALE 

13. Scioto County: Section 3, Bloom Tp.; shale above Bear Run coal on land of 

H. H. Stevenson. Mr. W. Stout 

14. Jackson County: southern part of Section 25, Hamilton Tp.; shale above Bear 

Run coal on land of Edward Toffin, in Dever Valley. 

15. Jackson County: western part of Section 21, Lick Tp.; fissile shale interbedded 

with black band ore on Bear Run coal horizon, at mouth of old coal mine on 
land of D. D. Evans. 

16. Jackson County: central part of Section 5, Lick Tp.; black band ore on Bear 
Run coal horizon in stream bed on property of Mrs. John Butts. 

Vinton County: western part of Section 6, Elk Tp.; shale on Bear Run coal hori- 


17. 


18 . 


zon in bed of Elk Fork. 


Mr. W. Stout 


Vinton County: northern part of Section 14, Jackson Tp.; shale on Bear Run 
coal horizon, three-fourths mile south of Stella. Mr. \\. Stout 


146 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


( 

LOWELLVILLE LIMESTONE 

19. Muskingum County: Section 18, Hopewell Tp.; Lowellville limestone and shale 

on Poverty Run, two miles northwest of Hopewell P. O., on land of Della Wise. 
(Type locality for Poverty Run limestone.) 

20. Muskingum County: Fall Tp.; Lowellville limestone and shale (?) in bed of small 

stream flowing into Licking River at Holbein, on land of E. G. Marshall. 

21. Muskingum County: Madison Tp.; Lowellville limestone on east bank of Mus¬ 

kingum River, one-half mile north of Symmes Ford. (Fossils from Upper Mer¬ 
cer flint also collected here.) ~~ Mr. R. E. Lamborn 

22. Mahoning County: Poland Tp.; Lowellville limestone and shale from Grindstone 

Run, at Lowellville. (Type locality for Lowellville limestone.) 

Mr. R. E. Lamborn 

BOGGS LIMESTONE 

23. Scioto County: Southwestern part of Section 24, Bloom Tp.; shale associated 

with Boggs ore on William M. Galliger farm. Mr. W. Stout 

24. Scioto County: Vernon Tp.; shale on Boggs ore horizon along road east of Pine 

Creek, one and one-half miles southeast of Lyra. Mr. W. Stout 

25. Vinton County: southeastern part of Section 23, Elk Tp.; Boggs ore from Spook 

Hollow in Elk Creek bed, one and one-half miles east of McArthur. 

Mr. W. Stout 

26. Muskingum County: northeastern part of Section 18, Hopewell Tp.; Boggs lime¬ 

stone in bed of small stream on land of O. J. Riggle, one mile north of Hope- 
well P. O. Mr. W. Stout and writer 

27. Muskingum County: Muskingum Tp.; Boggs limestone in bed of Blunt Run on 

land of Carl Crabtree. (Fossils from Lower Mercer limestone and shale also 
collected on Blunt Run.) 

28. Muskingum County: Muskingum Tp.; Boggs limestone along Wheeling & 

Lake Erie Railroad cut, just north of Rock Cut. (Fossils from Lower and 
Upper Mercer members also collected here.) 

29. Muskingum County: Madison Tp.; Boggs limestone from bed of Symmes Creek 

at the crossroads near mouth of North Branch. (Fossils from Lower and 
Upper Mercer members also collected along Symmes Creek.) 

LOWER MERCER MEMBER 

30. Lawrence County: southeastern part of Hamilton Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone 

near Hanging Rock. Geological Museum of The Ohio State University. 

31. Scioto County: southeastern part of Vernon Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone in 

pasture east of road and about 100 feet above base of the hill, four miles south 
of Lyra. Mr. W. Stout 

11. Jackson County: northwestern part of Section 10, Coal Tp.; Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone from hollow just east of Grace mine. (Fossils from Quakertown horizon 
collected in Grace mine and from Lower Mercer ore in road above hollow.) 

32. Jackson County: Section 18, Milton Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone in private 

lane near level of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, north of Hoganville School. 

33. Jackson County: Section 13, Washington Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone in road¬ 

bed, one mile west of Hamden. 

34. Vinton County: western part of Section 33, Elk Tp.; Lower Mercer black shale 

in stream bed at Rock Hollow, one and one-half miles south of McArthur. 

Mr. W. Stout 




STRATIGRAPHY OF FOSSILIFEROUS INI EMBERS 


147 


35. 


36. 

37. 

38. 

39. 

40. 


41. 

29. 


42. 


27. 

28. 

43. 

44. 

45. 

46. 

47. 

48. 

49. 


50. 

51. 


Perry County: Section 10, Reading Tp.; Lower Mercer shale above limestone in 
cut of Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, at Somerset, and Lower Mercer limestone in 
bed of north-and-south road, one-half mile south of Somerset. Mr. Eber Hyde 

Muskingum County: northeastern part of Section 20, Newton Tp.; Lower Mercer 
limestone and soft shale in bed of small tributary of Jonathan Creek, one mile 
south of White Cottage. 

Muskingum County: Washington Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone in bed of Blount 
Run, one mile east of Gilbert. 

Muskingum County: Washington Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone in ravine on 
east side of Muskingum River, opposite Ellis. (Fossils from Upper Mercer 
member also collected here.) 

Muskingum County: Washington Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone and soft shale 
in ravine on east side of Muskingum River, one mile north of Ellis. (Fossils 
from Upper Mercer member also collected here.) 

Muskingum County: Washington Tp.; blocks of Lower Mercer limestone at 
road side, fallen from position in walls of small ravine, on east side of Mus¬ 
kingum River opposite Rock Cut. (Fossils from Upper Mercer member 
also collected here.) 


Muskingum County: Washington Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone with shale above 
and below in bed of small stream about one-fourth mile north of Locality 40. 

Muskingum County: Washington Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone from bed of 
Symmes Greek, east of crossroads. (Fossils from Boggs and Upper Mercer 
members also collected along Symmes Creek.) 

Muskingum County: northern part of Madison Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone 
and black shale, near Adams Mills, one-fourth mile south of the county line. 

Geological Museum of The Ohio State University 

Muskingum County: Muskingum Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone and shale from 
bed of Blunt Run. (Fossils from Boggs member also collected along Blunt 
Run.) 

Muskingum County: Muskingum Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone along Wheeling 
& Lake Erie Railroad cut, north of Rock Cut. (Fossils from Boggs and Upper 
Mercer members also collected here.) 

Muskingum County: southeastern part of Cass Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone in 
roadbed on land of J. F. Shaw, three miles southeast of Frazeysburg. (Fossils 
from Upper Mercer member also collected here.) 

Muskingum County: Cass Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone in ravine east of north- 


and-south road, one mile south of county line. 

Muskingum County: Section 7, Jackson Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone from road¬ 
bed, one-half mile southeast of Fairview School. 

Licking County: Newark Tp.; loose pieces of Lower Mercer limestone on top of 
Bald Knob, two miles southeast of Newark. Mr. W. Stout 

Licking County: Hopewell Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone at mouth of old cannel 
coal mine on Flint Ridge, one-half mile north of Flint Ridge road and just 
west of north-and-south road parallel to township line. Mr. W. Stout 

Licking County: Hopewell Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone on Flint Ridge, from 
bed of north-and-south road parallel to township line and three-fourths mile 
north of Fairview School. Mr. W. Stout 

Licking County: Hopewell Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone in bed of Flint Ridge 
Road, just east of the crossing of Flint Ridge and north-and-south roads, and 


north of Locality 47. 


Mr. W. Stout 


Coshocton County: southwestern part of Washington Tp.; Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone from Opossum Hollow. 

Holmes County: Hardy Tp.; Lower Mercer black shale at Millersburg. 

Geological Museum of The Ohio State University 


148 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


52. Stark County: Tuscarawas Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone and black shale at 

shaft of mine, two and one-half miles east of Dalton near East Greenfield. 

Mr. G. W. Conrey 

53. Mahoning County: Berlin Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone in bed of Little Mill 

Creek, two and one-half miles northeast of North Benton and one-fourth mile 
west of junction of Turkeybroth Creek with Little Mill Creek. 

Mr. R. E. Lamborn 

54. Mahoning County: Ellsworth Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone in bed of West Branch 

of Meander Creek, one-fourth mile east of Club Lake and one-half mile south 
of Ellsworth. Mr. R. E. Lamborn 

55. Mahoning County: Poland Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone and black shale in bed 

of Yellow Creek, one-half mile east of Poland. Mr. R. E. Lamborn 

22. Mahoning County: Poland Tp.; Lower Mercer limestone from Grindstone Run 
at Lowellville. (Fossils of Lowellville member also collected from Grind¬ 
stone Run.) 

LOWER MERCER ORE 

56. Jackson County: northeastern part of Section 10, Coal Tp.; Lower Mercer ore 

in road above hollow just east of Grace mine. (Fossils from Quakertown 
horizon collected in mine and from Lower Mercer limestone in hollow below 
" road.) Mr. W. Stout 

SAND BLOCK ( ORE 

57. Jackson County: eastern part of Section 24, Hamilton Tp.; Sand Block ore from 

pit in pasture, near head of Dever Valley. Mr. W. Stout 

UPPER MERCER MEMBER 

58. Scioto County: Green Tp.; Upper Mercer ore from abandoned mine of Hanging 

Rock Iron Co., one and one-half miles north of Ohio Furnace. Mr. W. Stout 

59. Scioto County: southern part of Section 35, Bloom Tp.; Upper Mercer ore on 

land of Smith Hayward. Mr. W. Stout 

60. Vinton County: Elk Tp.; Upper Mercer black shale three miles south of McArthur. 

Geological Museum of The Ohio State University 

61. Perry County: Section 30, Coal Tp.; Upper Mercer (or McArthur ?) limestone 

from shaft of Straitsville Impervious Brick Co., New Straitsville. Mr. W. Stout 

62. Perry County: eastern part of Section 3, Clayton Tp.; Upper Mercer flint in ravine 

near road. Mr. W. Stout 

63. Perry County: northern part of Section 10, Reading Tp.; Upper Mercer lime¬ 

stone in roadbed about one-fourth mile east of north end of Baltimore & Ohio 
Railroad cut, at Somerset. Mr. Eber Hyde 

64. Muskingum County: Section 32, Newton Tp.; Upper Mercer flint in bed of 

diagonal road, one and one-half miles northwest of Roseville. Mr. W. Stout 

65. Muskingum County: Section 8, Hopewell Tp.; Upper Mercer flint in bed of 

Flint Ridge road, one mile northwest of Poverty Run School. 

66. Muskingum County: northeastern part of Hopewell Tp.; Upper Mercer flint in 

roadbed, one-fourth mile northwest of Sodon School. 

38. Muskingum County: Washington Tp.; Upper Mercer flint in ravine on east side 

of the Muskingum River opposite Ellis. (Fossils from Lower Mercer member 
also collected here.) 

39. Muskingum County: Washington Tp.; Upper Mercer flint in ravine on east side 

of Muskingum River, one mile north of Ellis. (Fossils from Lower Mercer 
member also collected here.) 


STRATIGRAPHY OP FOSSILIFEROUS MEMBERS 


149 


40. Muskingum County: Washington Tp.; pieces of Upper Mercer flint on roadside 
fallen from place in walls of small ravine, on east side of Muskingum River 
opposite Rock Cut. (Fossils from Lower Mercer member also collected here.) 

67. Muskingum County: Muskingum Tp.; Upper Mercer flint in roadbed, one mile 

north of Sandy Ridge School. 

28. Muskingum County: Muskingum Tp.; Upper Mercer flint along Wheeling 

& Lake Erie Railroad cut, just north of Rock Cut. (Fossils from Boggs and 
Lower Mercer members also collected here.) 

21. Muskingum County: Madison Tp.; Upper Mercer flint near top of east bank of 
the Muskingum River, north of Symmes Ford. (Fossils from Lowellville 
limestone also collected in vicinity of Symmes Ford.) 

29. Muskingum County: Madison Tp.; Upper Mercer flint from bed of Symmes 

Creek, east of crossroads. (Fossils from Boggs and Lower Mercer members 
also collected along Symmes Creek.) 

68. Muskingum County: Madison Tp.; Upper Mercer flint in bed of small tributary 

of North Branch of Symmes Creek, one mile north of crossroads. 

43. Muskingum County: southeastern part of Cass Tp.; Upper Mercer flint from 
roadbed on land of J. F. Shaw, three miles southeast of Frazeysburg. (Fossils 
from Lower Mercer member also collected.) 

69. Muskingum County: southeastern part of Cass Tp.; Upper M&rceT flint in small 

ravine on southwest side of road, one-half mile south of Locality 43. 

70. Coshocton County: southern part of Jefferson Tp.; Upper Mercer limestone and 

flint in roadbed and at mouth of Lee Moore coal mine just north of road, one 
mile east of Mohawk village. 

71. Coshocton County: southern part of Jefferson Tp.; Upper Mercer flint in road¬ 

bed, two miles southeast of Mohawk village. 

72. Coshocton County: southern part of Jefferson Tp.; Upper Mercer limestone on 

Wheeler farm, along slope of ridge east of north-and-south road, one mile north 
of Locality 70. 

73. Holmes County: northeastern part of Section 33, Salt Creek Tp.; Upper Mercer 

limestone, one mile south of county line. Mr. G. W. Conrey 

74. Stark County: central part of Section 34, Canton Tp.; Upper Mercer limestone 

in valley of Nirr.ishillen Creek, just south of North Industry. Mr. R. E. Lamborn 

75. Mahoning County: northern part of Section 2, Smith Tp.; Upper Mercer lime¬ 

stone, one mile northwest of North Benton. Mr. R. E. Lamborn 

53. Mahoning County: Berlin Tp.; Upper Mercer limestone in bed of Little Mill 
Creek, two and one-half miles northeast of North Benton and one-fourth mile 
west of junction of Turkeybroth Creek with Little Mill Creek. (Fossils from 
Lower Mercer member also collected here.) Mr. R. E. Lamborn 

76. Mahoning County: eastern part of Canfield Tp.; Upper Mercer limestone from 

Indian Run, one and one-fourth miles southeast of Wind School. (Possibly 
Putnam Hill limestone.) Mr. R. E. Lamborn 

77. Columbiana County: Section 12, St. Clair Tp.; Upper Mercer limestone from 

Little Beaver Creek, one-fourth mile south of Bieler Run. Mr. C. F. Moses 

78. Columbiana County: Section, 12, St. Clair Tp.; Upper Mercer limestone from 

Bieler Run. Mr. C. F. Moses 


McArthur member 

79. Scioto County: eastern part of Section 21, Vernon Tp.; soft clay shale on McArthur 

horizon from Cadot Hill. Mr. W. Stout 

80. Jackson County: northern part of Section 29, Jefferson Tp.; McArthur limestone 

from Monroe Furnace. Mr. W. Stout 


150 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


81. Jackson County: Milton Tp.; black shales forming roof of Tionesta coal, just 

south of Glenroy. Mr. W. Stout 

82. Jackson County: eastern part of Section 3, Coal Tp.; shaly McArthur limestone 

at mouth of old Tom Corwin mine. Mr. W. Stout 

83. Vinton County: northwestern part of Section 34, Richland Tp.; McArthur lime¬ 

stone on Jackman Ridge just south of Jackman School. Mr. W. Stout 

84. Vinton County: northern part of Section 17, Elk Tp.; McArthur limestone at 

mouth and forming roof of Moore mine, two miles northwest of McArthur. 
(Type locality for McArthur limestone.) 

85. Vinton County: northwestern part of Section 32, Madison Tp.; shaly McArthur 

limestone at mouth of old coal mine, two miles west of Prattsville. 

86. Hocking County: Section 36, Green Tp.; McArthur limestone from mine of 

Logan Clay Products Co., one mile east of Logan. Mr. W, Stout 

BLACK FLINT MEMBER 

87. Jackson County: western part of Section 22, Washington Tp.; Black Flint in 

pasture east of north-and-south road, one-fourth mile south of Town House. 

88. Jackson County: central part of Section 3, Coal Tp.; Black Flint near top of hill 

west of northeast-southwest road, one mile northeast of Davisville. 

Mr. W. Stout 

89. Jackson County: Coal Tp.; shale 30 feet above Tionesta coal (Black Flint hori¬ 

zon), just west of Wellston. Mr. W. Stout 

90. Vinton County: northwestern part of Section 24, Richland Tp.; Black Flint in 

roadbed north of Mt. Zion School. Mr. W. Stout 

91. Vinton County: southeastern part of Section 11, Elk Tp.; impure limestone on 

Black Flint horizon along northeast-southwest road. Mr. W. Stout 

92. Vinton County: southeastern part of Section 14, Elk Tp.; impure limestone on 

Black Flint horizon from Ogan farm, four miles northeast of McArthur. 

Mr. W. Stout 

93. Vinton County: southwestern part of Section 23, Elk Tp.; Black Flint from Spook 

Hollow, one and one-half miles east of McArthur. Mr. W. Stout 


PART II 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA AND DESCRIPTION 
OF SPECIES 1 

PLANT KINGDOM 

Plant remains 

Remarks. —Plant remains are present in the fossiliferous horizons 
of the Pottsville formation which are described in this bulletin, although 
they are by no means common. A considerable variety of forms are 
represented, but.they are, for the most part, too poorly preserved for 
identification. The scope of the present work does not include a study 
of the Pottsville flora. 

Horizon and locality. —Present at various localities in the Anthony, 
Boggs, Lower Mercer, and Upper Mercer members, r. 

ANIMAL KINGDOM 
PHYLUM PROTOZOA 
Class Rhizopoda 

ORDER FORAMINIFERA 

Foraminifera of the genus Fusulina occur in the Pottsville rocks 
of Ohio although they are not present in the extreme abundance which 
characterizes their presence in the higher formations of the Pennsyl¬ 
vanian system of this State. Fusulina secalica (Say) is found in con¬ 
siderable numbers in the flinty phases of the Upper Mercer member 
where it forms the most characteristic fossil of the horizon. It is 
found as low as the Lower Mercer limestone and extends throughout 
the middle and upper parts of the formation, although with the excep¬ 
tion of the Upper Mercer member, it is of rare occurrence. Other 
Foraminifera were observed in the Upper Mercer flint, but they are for 
the most part fragmentary and poorly preserved. Textularia and 
Nodosaria have been identified with comparative certainty, and judg¬ 
ing from the fragmentary material at hand, other forms are in all prob¬ 
ability present. 

Un the descriptions of Pottsville species the following symbols are used: aa, very 
abundant; a, abundant; c, common; r, rare. 

(151) 



152 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Genus Textularia Defrance 
Textularia sp. 

PI. VI, figs. 1, 2 

Description.—Test elongate, tapering, in widest portion the width 
equal to about two-thirds the length, regular in outline. Segments 
numerous, broad, much compressed longitudinally, convex on outer 
edge, nine to eleven present on the specimens examined, last segment 
apparently smaller than those immediately preceding; sutures deeply 
impressed. 

Dimensions.—Length 1.5 mm.; width 1 mm. 

Remarks.—The form described above is associated with Fusulina 
secalica (Say) and Girtyina vemricosa (Meek and Hayden) in the Upper 
Mercer flint of Perry, Muskingum, and Coshocton counties, The 
remains, however, are universally very fragmentary and are seen only 
as longitudinal sections at various angles when the flint is examined 
under the microscope. Probably several species of Textularia are 
present, but the poorly preserved material renders specific determina¬ 
tion impossible. Representatives of the genus are rare. 

The forms here referred to resemble T. eximia d’Eichwald from the 
Carboniferous rocks of England, Scotland, and Russia, and may pos¬ 
sibly represent a variety of that species. The outline of T. eximia is 
more irregular and the width in proportion to the height is somewhat 
less. The apparently smaller size of the last segment of the Ohio 
forms also presents a notable difference, but this character may be 
due to a large extent to the position of the sections. The general form 
more closely resembles that of T. gibbosa d’Orbigny, but the segments 
are less gibbous and more numerous than in the latter species. 

Horizon and locality. —Upper Mercer flint: Muskingum County, 
Localities 28, 21, 43, r; Coshocton County, Locality 72, r. 

Genus Nodosaria Lamarck 
Nodosaria sp. 

Remarks.—Fragments of Protozoa with straight, slightly tapering, 
rod-like outline which have the segments uniserially arranged have 
been referred to the genus Nodosaria. These forms are very minute, 
measuring less than one millimeter in length. Several species may be 
present, although on account of the imperfect condition of the material 
at hand no attempt at identification beyond a generic determination 
was made. 

Horizon and locality. —Upper Mercer flint: Muskingum County, 
Localities 28, 29, r. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


153 


Genus Fusulina Fischer 
Fusulina secalica (Say) 

PI. VI, fig. 3 

1837 Miolites secalicus. Say, Long’s Exped., p. 151 (Footnote). 

1837 Fusulina cylindrica. Fischer, Oryct. du Gouv. Mascou, p. 126, PI. 18, Figs. 1—5. 
1900 Fusulina secalica. Beede, Geol. Surv. Kansas, Vol. IV, p. 10, PI. 1, Fig. 1. 

Coal Measures: Kansas. 

Remarks. —This wide-spread Pennsylvanian Foraminifera is com¬ 
mon in the flinty phase of the Upper Mercer member of east-central 
Ohio. Although entire specimens are sometimes obtained, the form 
is seen most often on freshly chipped fragments of flint as sections 
broken at various angles. These sections show remarkably well the 
coiled, chambered condition of the interior. The form ranges from 
the Lower Mercer limestone in the middle part of the Pottsville forma¬ 
tion to the Black Flint member at the top, where it is present in the 
flinty phase. In both the Lower Mercer and Black Flint members, 
however, it is of rare occurrence. 

Dimensions. —A specimen of average size measures: length 3.5 
mm., width 1.2 mm. 

Horizon and localily.— Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 

County, Localities 27, 28, 44, r; Licking County, Locality 48, r. Of 
wide distribution in the Upper Mercer flint of east-central Ohio, c. 
Black Flint member: Jackson County, Locality 88, c; Vinton County, 
Locality 90, r. 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden) 

PI. VI, fig. 4 

1858 Fusulina cylindrica var. ventricosa. Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. 
Phil., p. 261. 

Carboniferous: Juniata and Manhattan, Kansas. 

1900 Fusulina secalica var. ventricosa. Beede, Geol. Surv. Kansas, Vol. VI, p. 10. 
(See notes on Fusulina secalica [Say]). 

Remarks. —Girtyina ventricosa is found associated with Fusulina 
secalica (Say) in the flinty phase of the Upper Mercer member. Longi¬ 
tudinal and transverse sections show excellently on freshly broken 
fragments of flint. The short, extremely convex external form presents 
a striking contrast to the more slender outline of F. secalica. All the 
specimens examined are unusually small. 

Dimensions. —Length 3 mm., width about 2 mm. 

Horizon and locality.— Widely distributed throughout the flinty 
phase of the Upper Mercer member in east-central Ohio. 


154 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


PHYLUM COELENTERATA 
Class Anthozoa 

Genus Lophophyllum Milne-Edwards and Haime 
Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime) 

PL VI, figs. 5, 6 

1851 Cyathaxonia profunda. Milne-Edwards and Haime, Monog. des Polyp. Foss., 
p. 323. 

Carboniferous: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Description.— Lophophyllum profundum is the only coral found 
among the collections of Pottsville fauna of this State. It is 
common and widely distributed in the Pottsville formation above and 
including the Lower Mercer limestone and extends upward in its strati¬ 
graphic range to the top of the Conemaugh formation. Specimens are 
always small in size, an individual of average size from the Lower 
Mercer limestone measuring: length 16 mm.; width at mouth of calyx 
10.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality.—Widely distributed throughout the Lower 
Mercer, McArthur, and Black Flint members, c. Upper Mercer mem¬ 
ber: Perry County, Locality 62, r; Coshocton County, Locality 71, 
c; Mahoning County, Locality 75, r. 

PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA 
Class Crinoidea 

Genus Eupachycrinus Meek and Worthen 
Eupachycrinus mooresi (Whitfield) 

PI. VI, figs. 7, 8 

1882 Zeacrinus mooresi. Whitfield, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 2, p. 227. 

Coal Measures: Carbon Hill, Hocking Co., Ohio. 

1895 Zeacrinus mooresi. Whitfield, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. VII, p. 483, PI. 11, Figs. 6-10. 
Coal Measures: Carbon Hill, Hocking Co., Ohio. 

Description.—Spines of a crinoid closely resembling those de¬ 
scribed by Whitfield on the second radial plates of Zeacrinus mooresi 
are not uncommon in the Boggs and Lower Mercer members. Whit¬ 
field's description of these spines, which he obtained from Carbon Hill, 
Hocking County, is quoted below: 1 

Whitfield, R. T. } Geol. Surv. Ohio, Vol. VII, p. 483, 1895. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


155 


4 ‘The second radial plates present the strong specific features of 
the species, and are large and spine-bearing, as in Zeacrinus mucrospinus 
McChesney. The spines are long, much thickened, and bulbous in the 
lower part, presenting in this respect a strong contrast with those of 
that species. The cicatrix for the attachment of the arm plates is very 
large, showing that the plates above were of large size. 

“The species has been quite abundant, as the spines are found in 
great numbers, and vary considerably in size, according to the width 
of the first radial plates upon which they have rested. But all are 
thickened and bulbous, and many of them are more than an inch in 
length. They are seldom found attached to the calyx, but are scat¬ 
tered through the shale in the bed where found/’ 

Remarks.— At no locality in the Pottsville formation from which 
collections were made for the present paper, do these spines occur as 
abundantly as they are found at the Carbon Hill locality. 1 The close 
resemblance of the spines in question to those described above, com¬ 
bined with stratigraphic and geographic evidence, points to identifica¬ 
tion with the Carbon Hill species, although with the exception of a 
few fragments of plates no other portions of the calyx have been dis¬ 
covered. The figured specimen of a calyx of E. mooresi from Carbon 
Hill is included to show the attachment of the second radial plates and 
spines to the first radial plates. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 27, c; of general distribution in the Lower Mercer limestone, c. 


Crinoid Segments 


PI. VI, figs. 9-13 


Description. —That crinoids were very abundant during the 
deposition of Pottsville strata is evinced by the abundance of stems 
which characterize the marine limestones. In the Lower Mercer and 
in the limestone phase of the Upper Mercer members they are par¬ 
ticularly abundant and characteristic. They vary in diameter from 
only a few millimeters to over one-half inch. The specimens figured 
form the most abundant types. 

Horizon and locality. —Widely distributed in the marine lime¬ 
stones of the Pottsville formation, aa. 


ir The exact stratigraphic position of the horizon from which the Carbon Hill 
fauna described by Whitfield came, has not been determined definitely, although 
it is known to be either upper Pottsville (probably McArthur) or basal Allegheny 



156 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Class Echinoidea 
Genus Archaeocidaris McCoy 
Archaeocidaris spines 
PL VI, figs. 14, 15 

Description. —Spines of an unknown species of Archaeocidaris are 
present in the Lower and Upper Mercer members, but are particularly 
common in the Lower Mercer limestone of Scioto County. All the 
specimens examined are imperfect, the longest fragment measuring 
about 6 cm. and having a diameter of 4.5 mm. The spines are very 
slender and, judging from their very gradual taper, must have been at 
least from 12 to 15 cm. in length. The surface is ornamented by four 
vertical rows of stout spinules about 2 mm. in length and about 4 to 6 
mm. apart in a vertical direction; the spinules of the vertical rows 
alternate irregularly with each other. The basal ring and other char¬ 
acters of the spine are unknown. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Scioto County, 
Vernon Township, Locality 31, c; Perry County, Somerset, Locality 
35, c. Upper Mercer member: Scioto County, Bloom Township, 
Locality 59, r. 

PHYLUM VERMES 
Class Chaetopoda 
Genus Spirorbis Daudin 
Spirorbis sp. 

Description. —Several specimens belonging to this genus, measuring 
about .5 mm. in diameter, have been found adhering to other shells in 
the Black Flint member. Specific determination, however, is impos¬ 
sible from the imperfect condition of the material. 

Horizon and locality. —Black Flint member: Vinton County, Lo¬ 
calities 91, 92, r. 

PHYLUM MOLLUSCOIDEA 
Class Bryozoa 
Genus Bascomella n. gen. 

Description. —A parasitic, boring bryozoan which has been assigned 
to the family Rhopalonariidae of the Order Ctenostomata. Zoarium 




DESCRIPTION OP SPECIES 


157 


creeping, branching, partially or entirely embedded in the host; com¬ 
posed, as far as is known, of relatively large ovoid, pear-shaped, or 
fusiform bodies or internodes, without regular arrangement, connected 
by minute, branching tubular filaments or stolens. Internodes marked 
by a few rather large pores scattered irregularly over the surface. 
Zooecia unknown, but probably deciduous and developed by budding 
from the surface pores as in the genus Rhopalonaria. 1 

In its generic relationships this genus apparently lies midway 
between Rhopalonaria and Allonema of the Family Vinellidae, and is 
characterized by its ability to excavate and disintegrate the host, by 
the laige size and irregular arrangement of the excavations which have 
been filled with foreign material so that they appear on the inside of 
the host as ovate bodies. It differs from the genus Rhopalonaria in 
the larger size, ovate shape, and irregular arrangement of the inter¬ 
nodes, which in the latter genus have a pinnate arrangement. It can 
be distinguished from both Allonema and Ascodictyon by its ability to 
excavate the host. It resembles Allonema in the ovate form and irreg¬ 
ular arrangement of the internodes but lacks the finely punctate sur¬ 
face of that genus; it may also be distinguished by the minute filament 
connecting the internodes. Ascodictyon may be distinguished likewise 
not only in the minute surface punctae on the vesicles, but also in the 
stellate or more regular arrangement of the vesicles. 

Genotype. —Bascomella gigantea n. sp. Found in the McArthur 
limestone, of the upper Pottsville formation of Ohio. This genus is 
named in honor of Dr. Florence Bascom, Professor of Geology at Bryn 
Mawr College. 

Bascomella gigantea n. sp. 

PI. VI figs. 18-20 

Description. —Zoarium creeping, partially, or as is generally the 
case, entirely embedded in the host, sometimes covering the entire 
inner surface of the shell on which it is parasitic. Ovoid bodies typi¬ 
cally pear-shaped but often fusiform or irregular in outline; arrange¬ 
ment irregular; narrow pointed end depressed, broad blunt end con¬ 
stricted near base; formed by the filling of the excavation with sediment, 
an ovoid body of average size measuring: length 2 mm., width .8 mm., 
height 1 mm.; surface apparently pierced by rather large, distant, 
irregularly arranged pores. Minute, tubular filaments or stolens con¬ 
nected with any portion of the ovoid bodies, but generally with the 
base; one or several growing from each excavation; branching frequently 
and forming an irregular network. 

Remarks.— This species of boring bryozoan is extremely abundant 
in the McArthur limestone at Monroe Furnace, Jackson County, but 

TJlrich, E. O., and Bassler, R. S., Smithsonian Miscell. Coll., Vol. 45, p. 267,1904. 



158 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


has not yet been found elsewhere. The ovoid bodies are seen on the 
inside of external molds of brachiopods and pelecypods, but in especial 
abundance on the large Spirifer boonensis, which is the most char¬ 
acteristic fossil from the locality. The minute filaments associated 
and connected with the ovoid bodies are seen entirely within the ex¬ 
ternal impression or on the external cast when only partially embedded. 

Horizon and locality. —McArthur limestone: Jackson County, 

Monroe Furnace, Locality 80, aa. 

Genus Tabulipora Young 
Tabulipora ohioensis (Foerste) 

1887 Stenopora ohioensis. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2/p. 85, PI. 7, Figs. 12 a-e. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Remarks. —Tabulipora ohioensis occurs in the Boggs member, 
where it is represented in the collections studied by only a few speci¬ 
mens, and also in the Lower Mercer of Perry, Muskingum, and Licking 
counties where it is more common and characteristic. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 26, r. Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, Locality 35, r; 
Muskingum County, Locality 45, c; Licking County, Locality 47, c. 

Genus Chainodictyon Foerste 

Chainodictyon laxum Foerste 

1887 Chainodictyon laxum. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, pp. 81, 87, PI. 7, 

Figs. 8a-c. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio; Seville, Illinois. 

1888 Chainodictyon laxum. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 3, p. 135. 

Foerste’s description. —“Meshes elongate, rhomboid, elliptical, 
oval, ovate, and obovate in the same zoarium, typically elliptical, about 
2.5 mm. long and 1.3 mm. wide. Branches narrow, about .3 to .38 mm. 
wide; the cells are arranged in diagonal rows; longitudinally about 5 
cells may be measured along the sides of the branches in a length of 
2 mm. The cells arise near the nonporiferous side,' are quite elongate, 
and reach the surface at a very oblique angle. Longitudinal arrange¬ 
ment of cells is incidental rather than typical and often obscured, 
whereas the oblique series remain distinct.” 

Remarks. —This rare species is represented in the collections 
studied by about a half-dozen specimens from the Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone of Muskingum and Licking counties which for the most part are a 
little smaller than those which were regarded typical by Foerste. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


159 


Horizon and locality.— Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 

County, Localities 43, 45, r; Licking County, Locality 48, r. 

Fenestellidae undetermined 

Remarks. —Bryozoans belonging to the family Fenestellidae are 
present in the middle and upper Pottsville formation, but are too 
poorly preserved even for generic identification. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, c. Upper Mercer member: Perry County, Locality 63, c; 
Coshocton County: Locality 70, c. McArthur member: Vinton County, 
Locality 84, c; Hocking County, Locality 86, c. Widely distributed 
throughout the Black Flint, c. 

Genus Fenestella Lonsdale 

Fenestella delicatula Ulrich 

1890 Fenestella delicatula. Ulrich, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 8, p. 549, PI. 52, Fig. 2. 

Base of Coal Measures: Seville, Illinois. 

Remarks. —A few specimens in very close agreement with Ulrich’s 
species, Fenestella delicatula, were obtained from the Black Flint mem¬ 
ber at a single locality in Vinton County. The state of preservation 
is somewhat imperfect, but as nearly as can be observed no important 
differences exist between the two forms. 

Horizon and locality. —Black Flint: Vinton County, Locality 92, r. 

Fenestella limbata Foerste 

1887 Fenestella linibatus. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, pp. 83, 87, PI. 7, Figs. 10 a-d. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge and Bald Hill, Ohio. 

Description. —This species is common in the Lower and Upper 
Mercer limestones, especially of Muskingum and Licking counties, 
but has not been obtained from any of the other members of the Potts¬ 
ville formation. The size varies within wide limits, and the species 
includes fine, delicate forms as well as those which are considerably 
coarser. It is characterized by small, rather closely arranged nodes on 
the median keel, and by unusually large, regularly arranged pores on 
either side, so situated that one generally occurs opposite each dis¬ 
sepiment, and another half-way between each dissepiment. On ac¬ 
count of their large size, these pores project laterally into the fenestrule, 
thus imparting to it a slightly sereated outline. The length of the 
fenestrule is about one and one-half times the width. “Branches from 
10 to 13 in a width of 5 mm.; dissepiments 9.3 to 13 in the same length.” 


160 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, c; Muskingum County, Localities 43, 45, c; Licking County, 
Localities 46, Flint Ridge, 47, 48, 49, c; Stark County, Locality 52, c. 
Upper Mercer member: Muskingum County, Localities 21, 38, 43, 67, 
68, c; Coshocton County, Locality 70, c. 

Fenestella remota Foerste 

1887 Fenestella limbatus var. remotus. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 84. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge and Bald Hill, Ohio. 

1887 Fenestella remota. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 87, PI. 7, Fig. 5. 

Foerste’s description. —“Four cells to each fenestrule, a compara¬ 
tively broad median keel occupied by a closely arranged series of 
nodes. The reverse is occupied by distinct longitudinal striae.’’ The 
species closely resembles F. limbata, but is distinguished by the greater 
distance between the dissepiments and by the greater number of pores 
opposite each fenestrule. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 

County, Locality 45, c; Licking County, Locality 47, c. Black Flint: 
Jackson County, Locality 87, r. 

Fenestella shumardi Prout? 

1858 Fenestella shumardi. Prout, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 232. 

Carboniferous Ls.: Organ Mts., New Mexico. 

1872 Fenestella shumardit Meek, U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr., p. 153, PI. 7, Figs. 3 a-c. 
Upper Coal Measures: Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

Lower Coal Measures: Ohio. 

Remarks. —A very small, delicate species of Fenestella is common 
in the marine limestones of the Pottsville formation which has been 
referred with some doubt to Fenestella shumardi , a form originally de¬ 
scribed from a far distant locality. However, this form agrees very 
closely with Meek’s interpretation of Prout’s species, which is also 
reported by him to be present in the Lower Coal Measures of Ohio. 
If Meek’s form is really identical with F. shumardi there seems little 
doubt that the Ohio specimens likewise belong to that species. 

Horizon and locality.—Lowellville limestone: Muskingum County, 
Locality 20, r. Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, Localities 27 
(r), 28 (c), 29 (r). Lower Mercer limestone: Scioto County, Locality 
31, r; Muskingum County, Localities 36 (r), 38 (r), 27 (c), 28 (c), 29 (r); 
Licking County, Locality 47, r; Mahoning County, Locality 54, r. 
Upper Mercer member: Perry County, Locality 63, r; Holmes County, 
Locality 73, r. McArthur member: Jackson County, Locality 82, r; 
Vinton County, Locality 84, c; Hocking County, Locality 86, c. Gen¬ 
erally distributed in the Black Flint member, c. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


161 


Fenestella venusta Mather? 

1915 Fenestella venusta. Mather, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. XVIII, p. 114, PI. IV, 

Figs. 9-10a. 

Morrow Group: Arkansas and Oklahoma. 

Remarks. —A species of Fenestella very closely related to F. venusta, 
is common in the Black Flint member. Unfortunately all the speci¬ 
mens observed were too poorly preserved to be identified with confidence. 

Horizon and locality. —Black Flint member: Jackson County, 
Locality 87, c; Vinton County, Localities 91, 92, c. 

Fenestella, several species 

Remarks. —Specimens belonging to the genus Fenestella, which 
are too poorly preserved to be identified specifically, were found in the 
Lower and Upper Mercer members at the localities listed below. Prob¬ 
ably several species are represented. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Scioto County, 
Locality 31, c; Jackson County, Locality 32, r. Upper Mercer member: 
Muskingum County, Locality 68, r. 

Genus Polypora McCoy 
Polypora fastuosa Foerste 

1887 Polypora fastuosa. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 82, PI. 7, Figs. 9 a-d. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge and Bald Knob, Ohio. 

Remarks. —Specimens agreeing with the form described by Foerste 
as Polypora fastuosa are common in the LoweT Mercer limestone of 
Muskingum and Licking counties and occur less abundantly in the 
McArthur member. Considerable variation exists in the size of indi¬ 
viduals, and Foerste suggests that two distinct species, differing prin¬ 
cipally in size, may be included in the term; however, as the material 
at hand is for the most part rather poor, a subdivision is at present 
unjustifiable. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, c; Muskingum County, Localities 43, 45, c; Licking County, 
Localities 46, Flint Ridge, 47, 48, 49, c. McArthur limestone: Hocking 
County, Locality 86, r. 

Polypora, several species 

Remarks. —A few specimens of bryozoans belonging to the genus 
Polypora were obtained from the Lower Mercer limestone, but no 


6—G. B. 25. 


162 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


specific identification could be made owing to the poorly preserved 
condition of the material. Probably several species are present. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer member: Muskingum 

County, Localities 27, 28, r. 

Genus Pinnatopora Vine 

Pinnatopora whitii Foerste 


1887 Glauconome whitii. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 78, PI. 7, Figs. 4 a-c. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

1887 Pinnatopora whitii . Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 87. 

Remarks. —Pinnatopora whitii has been found only in the Lower 
Mercer limestone of Muskingum and Licking counties where it is of 
fairly common occurrence. The longest specimen obtained measures 
13.5 mm. A number of excellently preserved individuals are among 
the collections studied which differ in no way from the description and 
figures of Foerste’s species. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 

County, Localities 29, 43, 45, r; Licking County, Localities 47, 48, c. 

Pinnatopora sp. 

Remarks. —A specimen belonging to the genus Pinnatopora was 
obtained from the Upper Mercer member and probably represents a 
different species than P. whhii. The state of preservation, however, 
is too poor to permit specific identification. 

Horizon and locality. —Upper Mercer member: Coshocton County, 
Locality 70, r. 

Genus Septopora Prout 
Septopora biserialis (Swallow) 

1858 Synocladia virgulacea ? Swallow, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 179. 

(Not S. virgulacea Phillips) 

Lower Permian: Valley of the Cottonwood, Kansas. 

Remarks. —Septopora biserialis is an abundant and widely dis¬ 
tributed biyozoan in the Pottsville formation of this State. It appears 
in the Boggs limestone and continues throughout the middle and upper 
parts of the formation, but occurs most abundantly in the Lower Mercer 
and Black Flint members. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, 

Locality 28, r. Widely distributed throughout the Lower Mercer, 
Upper Mercer, and Black Flint members, a. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


163 


Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek) 

1875 Synocladia biserialis (gracilis , suggested). Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 326, PI. 

20, Figs. 5a, b. 

Lower Coal Measures: Near Newark, Ohio. 

1887 Septopora biserialis var. gracilis. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 80, PI. 7, 

Figs. 7a-c. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Description. —This variety of Septopora biserialis occurs through¬ 
out the middle and upper Pottsville formation of this State. It can be 
distinguished from typical S. biserialis by its more slender branches, 
by the more regular arrangement of the dimorphic cells on the non- 
poriferous side, one cell being located at the union of each dissepiment 
with the branches, and by the presence of a faintly developed median 
ridge on the non-poriferous side. As the representatives of the species 
are often found in a poorly preserved condition, it is not always possible 
to distinguish the variety gracilis, which is probably much more com¬ 
mon in occurrence than is indicated in the list of localities below. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Scioto County, 
Locality 31, r; Muskingum County, Localities 27, 43, 45, c; Licking 
County, Localities 46, 48, 49, c; Mahoning County, Locality 53, r. 
Upper Mercer member: Muskingum County, Locality 68, r; Coshocton 
County, Locality 70, r. Black Flint member: Vinton County, Lo¬ 
cality 91, r. 


Genus Rhombopora Meek 

Rhombopora lepidodendroidea Meek 

1866 Stenopora columnaris (pars). Geinitz, Die Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 66. 
(Non Schloth, 1813) 

Coal Measures: Wyoming and Nebraska. 

1872 Rhombopora lepidendraides. Meek, U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebraska, p. 141, Pi. 7, 
Figs. 2a-f. 

Upper Coal Measures: Wyoming, Nebraska, Kansas, Iowa, Missouri, 
Illinois. 

Description. —This small, delicate, branching bryozoan with its 
wide geographic and stratigraphic range in the Pennsylvanian rocks of 
North America is common in the Pottsville formation of this State 
above and including the Boggs member. It occurs most abundantly, 
however, in the Lower Mercer and McArthur limestones. The diam¬ 
eter of the largest fragment studied is 2 mm., but the average width 
varies from 1 to 1.5 mm. Only one bifurcation was observed on any of 
the fragments examined, the longest of which measures 18 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, 


164 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Localities 27, 29, c. Widely distributed throughout the Lower Mercer, 
Upper Mercer, and McArthur members, c. Black Flint member, 
Jackson County, Locality 88, c. 

Rhombopora multipora Foerste 

1887 Rhombopora multipora. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ. ,Vol. 2, p. 72, PI. 7, Figs. la-c. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

1887 Rhombopora multipora. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 78. 

Coal Measures: Seville, Illinois. 

Description. —Several individuals of Rhombopora multipora were 
obtained from the Lower Mercer limestones of Muskingum and Lick¬ 
ing counties, but the species has been found at no other horizon of the 
Pottsville formation. It resembles R. lepidendroidea, but differs in the 
larger size of the branches and the greater number of pores. Foerste 
points out the following distinguishing features, “The mature region of 
the cells appears more abruptly inclined to the immature region of the 
cells; the ridges between the cells are covered with smaller and more 
numerous granules, these are also present on the slopes of the vestibules, 
and are not arranged in such well defined rows as in the other species.” 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 

County, Localities 43, 45, r; Licking County, Locality 49, r. 

Genus Streblotrypa Ulrich 

Streblotrypa merceri n. sp. 

PI. VI, figs. 16, 17 

Description. —Zoarium consisting of very slender, dicotomously 
dividing stems, about .6 mm. in diameter. Zooecia apertures oval in 
outline, about .15 mm. long and .1 mm. wide; surrounded by a narrow 
area sloping abruptly down to the aperture; arranged in regular longi¬ 
tudinal rows, with those of successive rows alternating with each other; 
rows separated by prominent, rounded, longitudinal ridges which equal 
about one-half the width of the aperture; slopes of ridges forming the 
lateral portions of the area surrounding the apertures. Zooecial inter¬ 
spaces with about the same length as the apertures, occupied by the 
equally-sized mouths of four mesopores arranged in two rows. This 
number and arrangement of the pores is generally very uniform, al¬ 
though where a division of the stem occurs, and occasionally elsewhere, 
variations are found so that three to six mesopores may be present. 
Longitudinally about 13 zooecia apertures occupy the space of 5 mm. 

Remarks. —This species resembles most closely the Mississippian 
form Streblotrypa major Ulrich from the Keokuk group of Kentucky, 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


165 


Iowa, and Illinois, and also from the Cuyahoga shale of Ohio, but it 
can be distinguished from that species by its much smaller size and slender 
form, as well as by the more regular arrangement and more uniform 
number and size of the pores between the zooecia apertures, which 
are generally four and occur in two rows. In S. major these pores vary 
considerably in size and are usually four to six in number, but may 
range from three to twelve. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, 
Bald Knob, Locality 46, r. 

Genus Cystodictya Ulrich 

Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek) 

1871 Ptilodiclya ( Stictopora ) carbonaria. Meek, Proc. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 160. 

Lower Coal Measures: Newark, Ohio. 

1875 Ptilodictya ( Stictopora ) carbonaria. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 328, PI. 20, 
Figs. 3a, b. 

Coal Measures: Newark, Ohio. 

1887 Cystodictya carbonaria. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 74, PI. 7, Figs. 2a-c. 
Coal Measures: Bald Hill, Ohio. 

Remarks.— Cystodictya carbonaria is one of the most characteristic 
and widely distributed bryozoans of the middle Pottsville formation. 
It is most common in the Lower Mercer member, especially in Mus¬ 
kingum and Licking counties along Flint Ridge; it is also present in 
the Upper Mercer member. As far as present knowledge goes, the 
species is confined to the Pottsville formation, as its presence in the 
higher formations of the Pennsylvanian system of this State has not 
been recorded. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Scioto County, 
Locality 31, c; Muskingum County, Localities 43, 45, c; Licking County, 
Localities 46, 47, 48, 49, c; Mahoning County, Locality 53, c. Upper 
Mercer member, widely distributed, c. 

Genus Prismopora Hall 

Prismopora sereata (Meek) 

PI. VI, fig. 21 

1875 Ptilodictya (Stictopora) sereata. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 327, PI. 20, Fig. 4. 
Lower Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

1887 Prismopora sereata. Foerste, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 75, PI. 7, Figs. 6 a-c. 
Coal Measures: Bald Hill and Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Description. —As stated by Foerste, “the general features of the 
species.consist in regularly scalloped margins; the serrations are 



166 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


not rounded typically, but are more or less accurately truncated, some¬ 
times even slightly concave, the serrations decrease in prominence with 
the size of the specimens; the indentations are bordered by crescentic 
non-poriferous spaces; these spaces are large and conspicuous in the 
large forms, decreasing to narrow, but distinct proportions in the smaller 
specimens.” The zooecia are small and regular although not close in 
their arrangement. 

The form is common and widely distributed in the middle and 
upper Pottsville formation, but is especially numerous and character¬ 
istic in the Lower and Upper Mercer and Black Flint members. It has 
not been recorded from any of the higher Pennsylvanian formations of 
this State. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer member: widely distributed, 
c. Upper Mercer member: Muskingum County, Localities 29, 43, 
68, c; Coshocton County, Locality 70, c. McArthur member: Hocking 
County, Locality 86, c. Black Flint member: widely distributed, c. 

Class Brachiopoda 
Genus Lingula Bruguiere 
Lingula carbonaria Shumard 
PL VII, figs. 1-3 

1858 Lingula carbonaria. Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 215. 

Coal Measures: Clark County, Missouri. 

1873 Lingula mytiloides ? Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 5, p. 572, PI. 25, 

Fig. 2. 

Coal Measures: Illinois. 

Description.— Shell varying in size from small to almost medium; 
subquadrangular-ovate in outline; ratio of length to width about 3:5. 
Beak minute, elevated; umbonal region and middle portion of valves 
moderately convex, becoming flattened toward the sides and front; 
posterior margin somewhat pointed, curving regularly into the sides, 
which are subparallel or slightly rounded; anterior margin sometimes 
slightly flattened, giving a quadrangular appearance to the shell. Outer 
covering usually preserved, thin, polished, and marked by fine con¬ 
centric lines of growth which are crossed by fainter radiating striae, 
those extending from the beak to the anterior margin being most promi¬ 
nent. 

Dimensions. —The great variation in the size of the species can be 
noted by the following measurements: a specimen of large size from the 
Upper Mercer member, length 12 mm., width 8 mm.; a large specimen 
from the Anthony coal horizon, length 11 mm., width 6.7 mm., a small 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


167 


specimen from the same horizon, length 7 mm., width 4.5; an individual 
of average size from the Quakertown coal horizon, length 6.5 mm., 
width 4.2 mm. 

Remarks. —Lingula carbonaria is an important fossil of the Potts- 
ville formation in Ohio as it is found on nearly every horizon, and on 
some in the greatest profusion. In the bone shales associated with 
the Anthony coal it is extremely abundant and forms the character¬ 
istic fossil of that member. It also occurs in similar numbers in the 
shales at various localities on other horizons, among which are the 
Quakertown, Boggs, Upper Mercer, and McArthur. L. umbonata Cox 
differs in having the greatest width about one-third the length of the 
shell from the posterior margin, from which point the shell contracts 
toward the front. L. kanawhensis Price is a much larger and relatively 
broader form. 

Horizon and locality. —Sharon ore horizon: Jackson County, 

Locality 6, c. Anthony coal horizon: Scioto County, Locality 7, aa. 
Quakertown coal horizon: Summit County, Locality 12, aa. Lowell- 
ville member: Muskingum County, Locality 20, aa. Boggs member: 
Scioto County, Locality 24, a; Vinton County, Locality 25, a. Lower 
Mercer member: Muskingum County, Locality 45, r; Licking County, 
Localities 47, 49, r. Upper Mercer member: Vinton County, Locality 
60, aa; Muskingum County, Locality 68, r. McArthur member: 
Jackson County, Locality 81, a. 

Lingula kanawhensis Price 

1914 Lingula kanawhensis. Price, W. Va. Geol. Surv., Kanawha Co. Rept., p. 647, 
PI. I, Figs. 5, 6. 

Kanawha Series, Kanawha Black Flint, Queen Shoals, Kanawha County, 
West Virginia. 

Priced description. —“Shell small, oval, subquadrate, thin; beak 
terminating at hinge line; from which the posterior margin slopes gently 
away on both sides, forming a broad, flat curve; posterior margins 
rounding rapidly but smoothly into the lateral margins, which are 
nearly straight, parallel, and rounding more gradually anteriorly than 
posteriorly; posterior margin broadly rounded, greatest width at center; 
beak and umbonal regions apparently only slightly elevated above the 
remainder of the shell; greatest convexity apparently in the center, 
from which the surface falls away gradually and evenly toward the 
anterior and antero-lateral margins; toward the postero-lateral margins 
it descends more abruptly and is continued as a triangular raised area 
narrowing toward the beak. Postero-lateral areas flat. 

Exterior surface ornamented with numerous, fine, raised, con¬ 
centric lines of alternating coarseness, the finer being the more numer¬ 
ous, crowded closely toward the posterior margin, more distantly 





168 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


separated anteriorly, those upon the anterior fourth terminating at the 
lateral margins, the remainder continuing to the posterior margin; 
between these are extremely fine, closely-placed, concentric striae 
which may be seen only with the aid of a 12-power magnifier. Interior 
of the shell very imperfectly known, but not so highly ornamented as 
the exterior.” 

A single specimen from the Lower Mercer limestone is the only 
representative of this species found among the collections of Pottsville 
fauna studied for the present bulletin. Although by no means perfect, 
the shell presents the large size and subquadrate form which character¬ 
izes L. kanawhensis, so that the identification is made with a consider¬ 
able degree of confidence. 

Dimensions.—Length 19+ mm.; width 14 mm.; convexity cannot 
be determined on account of compression. 

Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Somerset, Locality 35, r. 


Lingula sp. 

Description.—Large Lingulas of uncertain affinities are common in 
the black bone shales of the Anthony coal horizon, at mine of the Buck¬ 
eye Fire Brick & Clay Co., in Scioto County. Considerable variation 
exists in the form of the individuals, some being elongate and narrow 
enough to resemble L. tighti Herrick, while others are broader and 
suggest a possible identification with L. kanawhensis Price. The 
lateral margins are subparallel and the front, especially on the broader 
forms, flattened; the surface is apparently smooth. The material at 
hand, however, is too poor to permit satisfactory conclusions to be 
reached. Two distinct species may be present, or the differences in 
form may be due to compression, as the specimens are all much flattened, 
so that the original shape may possibly have been intermediate between 
the long slender form and the broader one. The size is much greater 
than that of L. carbonaria Shumard, and although common, it does not 
occur in the extreme profusion of the latter species. It is of interest to 
note that the form under discussion was found within one mile of the 
Wm. E. Dee mine where L. carbonaria characterized the Anthony shales. 

Dimensions.—An elongated, narrow form measures: length 16 mm., 
width 9.5 mm.; a broad variety: length 13 mm., width 8.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality .^Anthony shales: Scioto County, Scioto 
Furnace, Locality 8, a. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


169 


Genus Glossina Phillips 
Glossina waverlyensis (Herrick) 
PI. VII, fig. 4 


1875 Lingula scotica ? Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 276, PI. 14, Fig. 9. (Non L. scotica N 

Davidson) 

Berea Grit: Berea, Ohio. 

1887 Lingula scotica (var. ? ). Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 144, PI. XIV, 

Fig. 15. 

Coal Measures (Lower Mercer limestone): Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

1888 Lingula waverlyensis. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 4, p. 18, PI. 3, Fig. 1. 

Waverly Group: Newark, Ohio. 

Description. —A form either identical with or closely related to 
Glossina waverlyensis is represented in the collections studied by the 
external molds of two individuals in a fair state of preservation, and 
by several less perfect specimens,—all from the Lower Mercer limestone 
of Muskingum and Licking counties. Assuming that Meek’s restoration 
of Lingula scotica ? from the Waverly group, and Herrick’s drawings of 
Lingula scotica (var.) from the Lower Mercer limestone,—both of 
which are based upon very fragmentary remains—are accurate, our 
form differs only in being a little broader in comparison to the length 
of the shell. Typical G. waverlyensis , however, as later described by 
Herrick, has the length and width of the shell almost equal, so that the 
form under discussion seems to be intermediate between the former 
and latter species. From the scanty material at hand and from the 
lack of specimens of G. waverlyensis for comparison, it is not known 
whether these differences in the shape of the shell are constant or whether 
they can be accounted for by individual variation. For the present, 
therefore, it seems unjustifiable to separate our form as a distinct species, 
although after more material is examined, it is not unexpected that the 
Pennsylvanian form will prove distinct from the Mississippian. Miss 
Mark also figures G. waverlyensis and cites its occurrence in the Lower 
Mercer limestone at several localities along Flint Ridge. 1 

The shell is cuneate in form, the ratio of the length to the width 
being about 5:4, with the greatest width close to the anterior margin. 
The lateral margins are almost straight or very slightly convex, the 
anterior-lateral angles narrowly rounded, and the front broadly convex. 
The surface is marked by about thirty-six sharply elevated, closely 
arranged, concentric lirae, separated by broad flat interspaces which 
are likewise marked by extremely minute concentric lines. Where 
small portions of the shell still adhere to the molds the structure is 
apparently punctate, although this character can by no means be 
determined accurately. 

’Mark, C. G., Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 16, pp. 281, 284, 291, PI. VIII, Fig. 1, 1911. 



170 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Dimensions. —The measurements of the two most perfect speci¬ 
mens obtained are respectively: length 22 + mm., 25 + mm.; maximum 
width 18 mm., 20 mm. 

Remarks. —Another Pennsylvanian species which is closely related 
to the Pottsville form from Ohio was originally described by Meek as 
Lingula scotica var. nebraskensis and later by Girty as Lingulipora 
nebraskensis, which can be distinguished from our form by its much 
smaller size and fewer concentric lirae. Lingulipora nebraskensis as 
described by Girty is also a broader form with the length and width 
of the shell approximately equal; however this character may not be 
of specific importance inasmuch as Herrick’s typical G. waverlyensis 
has similar proportions. Generically, our form is assigned to Glossina 
on account of its characteristic cuneate shape, rather than to Lingulipora , 
as the punctate structure which characterized the latter genus is by no 
means definitely established on our shell. It is of rare occurrence in 
rocks of Pennsylvanian age and has been found only from the Lower 
Mercer limestone. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 

County, Locality 43, r; Licking County, Flint Ridge, Locality 49, r. 

Genus Orbiculoidea d’Orbigny 
Orbiculoidea capuliformis (McChesney) 

1860 Discina capuliforma. McChesney, Desc. New Pal. Fossils, p. 72. 

1861 Discina capuliformis. McChesney, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 23, PI. 2, 

Fig. 20. 

Coal Measures: Springfield, Illinois; 12 miles nw. of Springfield, Missouri. 

Description. —Specimens of an Orbiculoidea are abundant in the 
black bone shale on the Sharon ore horizon and have been referred 
with some doubt to Orbiculoidea capuliformis . They show consider¬ 
able variation in size, ranging from those 6 mm. in diameter to forms 
which are relatively large; the outline of both valves is circular. The 
beak of the dorsal valve is slightly posterior to the center; as the speci¬ 
mens are greatly flattened, it is possible only to make conjectures con¬ 
cerning the convexity, which seems to have been moderate. The 
ventral valve is also compressed, some specimens showing a slightly 
convex region surrounding the almost centrally located beak, the valve 
becoming concave toward the margins; a deep, broad slit extends from 
the beak posteriorly to a point about two-thirds the distance from 
the beak to the margin; slit widest in the central portion. The sur¬ 
face is marked by numerous fine, concentric striae which are regularly 
arranged; on a few forms very faint radiating markings are visible. 
Crushed specimens from the Harrison ore, similar to those just de¬ 
scribed, have been referred tentatively to the same species, while more 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


171 


perfect forms from the Boggs member agree closely with McChesney’s 
description and were identified with 0 . capuliformis with more con¬ 
fidence. 

Dimensions. —The diameter of a small specimen is 7.5 mm.; of a 
large specimen 18 mm. 

Remarks. —The doubtful forms from the Harrison and Sharon 
horizons may possibly be identical with 0. meekana Whitfield, which 
is common and widely distributed in the higher Pottsville members of 
this State, but the material at hand is too crushed to show specific 
characters adequately. However, 0. meekana has the beak of the 
dorsal valve eccentric, located about one-third of the length of the 
shell from the posterior margin, while that of the specimens under dis¬ 
cussion is more central. 0. missouriensis Shumard is in general a 
much smaller form, and also has the beak eccentric. 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality L, 
r. Sharon horizon: Jackson County, Locality 6, a. Boggs member: 
Muskingum County, Locality 26, r. 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield) 

1882 Discirta meekana. Whitfield, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol 2, p. 228. 

Coal Measures: Carbon Hill and Flint Ridge, Ohio; Illinois, Iowa. 

Whitfield s description. —“Shell of moderate size or larger, circular 
to subcircular in outline. Dorsal valve convex, with an elevated beak 
which is directed backward and situated at about one-third of the 
length of the shell from the posterior margin. Posterior slope slightly 
concave just below the apex; anterior slope convex. Surface of shell, 
when preserved, marked by fine, even, but elevated and regular con¬ 
centric lines, with flattened interspaces; about ten or eleven of the 
elevated lines occupy the space of an eighth of an inch on the middle 
of the shell, being finer within and coarser beyond that point. On the 
partially exfoliated shell fine vascular lines are perceptible. Ventral 
valve flat, discoidal, circular in outline, or perceptibly elongated in 
some cases; the apex a little more than one-third the length from the 
posterior margin. Foramen small, elongate-elliptical, narrow, not ex¬ 
tending more than one-fourth of the distance from the apex toward 
the margin, and the depression somewhat further. Surface marked as 
in the other valve.” 

Dimensions. —A specimen of average size measures: diameter 18 
mm., height 8.5 mm. 

Remarks. — Orbiculoidea meekana is a common fossil in the middle 
and upper Pottsville formation above and including the Lower Mercer 
limestone. The shell belongs to the same general type as 0. missouri¬ 
ensis, with which it is commonly considered a synonym, but a number 


172 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


of points of difference can be noted which are believed by the writer to 
be of specific importance and which seems to render Whitfield’s species 
a valid one. Both have the beak eccentric, situated about one-third 
the diameter of the shell from the posterior margin, but 0. meekana is 
a much larger form, adult specimens being at least twice the size of 
those of the other species. The convexity of the dorsal valve is much 
greater in 0. meekana than in 0. missouriensis , being in the former at 
least one-half the diameter of the shell, and in the latter only one-third 
the diameter of the shell. The surface sculpture of 0. missouriensis is 
arranged in parabolic curves, while that of 0. meekana is circular. 
0. convexa is also a considerably smaller form described from a far- 
distant locality and from the Upper Pennsylvanian rocks, so that on 
geographic and stratigraphic grounds, the identification with the Ohio 
Pottsville form is unlikely. 0. meekana has been found rather com¬ 
monly at Carbon Hill 1 and in the collections from Flint Ridge used for 
this bulletin—the type localities of Whitfield. 

Horizon and locality. —Widely distributed throughout the Lower 
Mercer and McArthur members, c. Upper Mercer member: Perry 
County, Locality 63, c. Black Flint: Jackson County, Locality 89, c; 
Vinton County, Localities 91, 92, c. 

Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) 

1858 Discina missouriensis. Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 221. 

Middle Coal Measures: Lexington and Charbonnier, Missouri. 

Shumard’s description. —“Shell circular; small; upper valve de¬ 
pressed, conic, sloping gradually from the beak to the front, and rather 
abruptly to the cardinal edge; beak rounded at tip, not curved, situ¬ 
ated about one-third the diameter from the posterior edge, its elevation 
equal to about one-third the diameter of the shell. Surface marked by 
fine, .close striae, which are arranged in concentric, nearly parabolic 
curves, the extremities of which are directed to the front. Lower valve 
circular, flat or slightly concave, having a large, deep, elliptical depres¬ 
sion at the bottom of which is an elliptical aperture. The surface is 
marked with rather strong, concentric lines of increase. Length of 
average specimen, .33 (inches); height, .10.” 

Remarks.- —Small Orbiculoideas from the Lowellville and Boggs 
members are entirely comparable with Shumard’s species in respect 
to size, form, surface sculpture, and position of the beak, but differ in 
having the beak slightly less depressed. A few individuals from the 
Lower Mercer and McArthur members have also been referred to the 
same species, although they differ in having the beak of the doisal 
valve depressed so that the greatest convexity occurs a little anterior 

^or the stratigraphic position of Whitfield's fauna from Carbon Hill see footnote 
on p. 155. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


173 


to the beak. However, as pointed out by Girty, individuals vary con¬ 
siderably in regard £o the elevation and position of the beak. 1 

Dimensions.—A specimen of average size measures: diameter 6.5 
mm., convexity 2.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality.—Lowellville member: Muskingum County, 
Locality 19, c. Boggs member: Muskingum County, Locality 27, r. 
Lower Mercer member: Licking County, Localities 46, 49, r. Upper 
Mercer member: Columbiana County, Locality 78, r. McArthur mem¬ 
ber: Vinton County, Locality 84, r. 

Orbiculoidea stoutella n. sp. 

PI. VII, figs. 5-8 

Description.—Shell large for specimens of this genus, subcircular 
in outline, gibbous, width slightly greater than length. Ventral valve 
unknown. Dorsal valve with widest portion a little anterior to middle 
of shell; anterior margin broadly rounded, posterior margin more nar¬ 
rowly rounded; greatest convexity about the middle of the valve; 
beak small, very inconspicuous and depressed, situated almost at the 
posterior margin of the shell; area posterior to the beak sloping to the 
margin with a concave outline. Epidermis of shell where preserved, 
thick, with surface marked by fine, closely arranged, irregular, con¬ 
centric lines of growth. 

On the specimens at hand, which are for the most part casts of the 
interior, not only are internal markings of especial interest retained, 
but they are preserved in an unusual manner. A well-marked rhom- 
bohedral or lozenge-shaped visceral area is present in the posterior 
portion, extending anteriorly about one-third or more of the length of 
the shell. The posterior margin of this area includes the beak and is 
sharply marked, but is less well defined laterally and anteriorly. The 
anterior edge of the lozenge-shaped area is bordered by two shallow 
rather faintly defined grooves,—one on either side of a low median 
septum,—which extend diagonally upward toward the lateral angles of 
the area. These grooves were formed by ridges on the inside of the 
shell, which doubtlessly served for the attachment of muscles, and ap¬ 
parently correspond to the anterior muscular ridge of Lindslroemella 
aspidium as figured by Hall and Clarke. 2 On either side of the median 
septum and just above the muscular ridge is a sharply defined, large, 
elevated (therefore deeply impressed on the interior of the shell) mus¬ 
cular scar; while closer to the septum and on either side of it, is an irregu- 
ular, less well defined area of muscular attachments which probably 
represent the anterior adductor muscular scars. The writer has been 
unable to work out the function of the muscles which produced the 


*Girty, G. H., U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 436, pp. 22-24, PL 1, Figs. 6-10, 1910. 

2 Hall and Clarke, Pal. New York, Vol. 8, Pt. 1, PI. 4E, Figs. 25, 26, 1892. 



174 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


more laterally placed pair of scars, although the possibility exists that 
they may represent the lateral scars shown in the figure of Lindstroemella 
aspidium cited above. The median septum is short, extending an¬ 
teriorly one-half the length of the visceral area, but dying out a little 
posterior to it. From the two lateral angles a prominent, elevated 
(on the internal cast) vascular sinus extends obliquely forward to the 
anterior-lateral margins of the valve; the sides and front of the shell, 
as well as the region posterior to the beak, are marked by numerous 
fine, threadlike, radiating, vascular lines, the coarser ones of which 
branch from the pair of main sinuses and are subjected to frequent 
subdivisions. 

Dimensions. —The figured specimen of the cotype, preserved as an 
internal cast upon which the internal structure is imprinted, was ob¬ 
tained from the Harrison ore and shows the following measurements: 
length 23 mm., width 24 mm., convexity of dorsal valve 5 mm. (much 
flattened). The measurements of another cotype, which shows the 
external characters of the shell and the normal convexity are: length 
22.5 mm., width 23 mm., convexity of dorsal valve 9 mm. This species 
of Orbiculoidea was also found at one locality in the Sharon ore where 
it was the only fossil discovered. The size of the Sharon specimens is 
on the average considerably smaller than that of the forms from the 
Harrison ore. A large specimen from the Sharon ore measures: length 
17 mm., width 18 mm., convexity of dorsal valve 4 mm. (somewhat 
compressed). 

Remarks. —The distinctive features of this species are its circular 
form, its inconspicuous, depressed beak which overhangs the posterior 
margin, and its great convexity in the central part of the valve. It 
resembles 0. meekana Whitfield in form, but the latter species has the 
beak elevated, forming the point of greatest convexity of the valve; 
it is also situated farther from the posterior margin,—about one-third 
the length of the shell. 0. munda (Miller and Gurley) and 0. planidisca 
Raymond are forms which have the beak almost marginal in position. 
The former is distinctly elliptical in form and has a much less depressed 
and inconspicuous beak than the species under consideration; the 
greatest convexity also occurs in the posterior third of the shell. 0. plan¬ 
idisca is also elliptical, the width being only three-fourths as great as 
the length. 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
c. Sharon ore: Jackson County, Glen Nell mine, Locality 5, r. The 
specific name has been given in honor of Mr. Wilber Stout, of the Geo¬ 
logical Survey of Ohio. 

Orbiculoidea sp. 

Description. —A single minute dorsal valve belonging to the genus 
Orbiculoidea , which measures 1.3 mm. in diameter, was obtained from 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


175 


the Sand Block ore. The convexity is moderate, and the beak is 
situated about two-fifths the length of the valve from the posterior 
margin. Small portions of the external shell which remain show a 
surface sculpture of extremely fine concentric lines. 

Horizon and locality. —Sand Block ore: Jackson County, Locality 
57, r. 

Genus Crania Retzius 
Crania modesta White and St. John 

1868 Crania modesta. White and St. John, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 118. 

Upper Coal Measures: Fremont County, Iowa. 

1882 Crania carbonaria. Whitfield, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 2, p. 229. 

Coal Measures: Carbon Hill, Hocking County, Ohio. 

Remarks. —A species of. Crania is common in the middle and upper 
Pottsville of this State which probably represents the same form as 
that described by White and St. John, although judging from the 
description, the latter was free while the Ohio form is always found 
attached to other shells by the pedicle valve. It is likewise identical 
with Whitfield’s species, C. carbonaria, described from Carbon Hill, 
Hocking County, a form which is always found attached to foreign 
objects. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, c; Muskingum County, Locality 36, c; Licking County, 
Flint Ridge, Locality 48, r. Upper Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 63, r; Coshocton County, Locality 72, c. McArthur limestone: 
Vinton County, Locality 84, c. 

Genus Rhipidomella Oehlert 
Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou) 

PI. VII, fig. 13 

1859 Orthis pecosi. Marcou, Geol. N. Am., p. 48, PI. 6, Fig. 14. 

Mountain limestone: Pecos Village, New Mexico. 

Remarks. —This small shell with its almost circular form and its 
fine radiating lines is rather rare in rocks of Pottsville age in this State, 
but it is most frequent in occurrence in the Lower Mercer limestone. 
In the collections of Lowellville limestone it is represented only by a 
single ventral valve which measures: length 6.5 mm., width 7.7 mm., 
convexity 2 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Lowellville member: Muskingum County, 
Locality Id, r. Lower Mercer limestone: Scioto County, Locality 31, 


176 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


r; Muskingum County, Locality 27, r; Licking County, Localities 46, 
49, r; Stark County, Locality 52, r. McArthur limestone: Jackson 
County, Locality 80, r. 

Genus Schizophoria King 
Schizophoria altirostris (Mather) 

1916 Rhipidomella altirostris. Mather, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. XVIII, p. 143, PI. VIII, 
Figs. 5—7c. 

Hale formation: East Mountain, Fayetteville, Arkansas. 

Description. —This species is represented in the collections studied 
by a single well-preserved individual. The shell is partially exfoliated, 
but where present shows a surface sculpture of extremely fine radi¬ 
ating lines. Schizophoria resupinoides is a very closely related, but 
much larger form; as pointed out by Price 1 the two species differ chiefly 
in size. In lieu of characters in the specimen studied which will defi¬ 
nitely assign it to one or the other species, it is deemed best to refer 
it to S. altirostris on the basis of size, although it is slightly larger than 
average individuals of this species. 

Dimensions. —Length 22 mm., width 26 mm., convexity 17 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, 
Flint Ridge, Locality 48, r. 


Schizophoria sp. 

Remarks.—A few small brachiopods belonging to the genus Schizo¬ 
phoria are present in the Harrison ore, but are too poor for specific 
identification. They occur as internal molds on which faint traces of 
very fine surface sculpture are visible. 

Horizon and locality.—Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 

1, r. 


Genus Derbya Waagen 
Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden) 

PI. VII, figs. 9, 10 

1852 Orthis umbraculum ? Hall, Stansb. Exped. Gt. Salt Lake, p. 412, PI. 3, Fig. 6. 

Carboniferous: Missouri River, above Fort Leavenworth. 

1852 Orthis umbraculum ? Owen, Geol. Rep. Wis., Iowa, and Minn., PI. 5, Fig. 11. 

Carboniferous: Missouri River, near mouth of Keg Creek, and at Council 
Bluffs. 

Trice, W.JA., Geol. Surv. W. Va., Raleigh, Wyoming, McDowell and Adjacent 
Co. Rept., pp4694-698, 1916. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


177 


1852 Orthis arachnoidea. Roemer, Kreid. von Texas, p. 89, Taf. 1, Figs. 9a, b. 

Carboniferous: San Saba Valley, Texas. 

1858 Orthisina crassa. Meek and Hayden, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 261. 

Coal Measures: Leavenworth, Kansas. 

1892 Derbya crassa. Hall and Clarke, Pal. N. Y., Vol. 8, Pt. 1, PI. 10, Figs. 10, 11; 

PI. 11A, Figs. 28-33; PI. 11B, Figs. 23, 24; PI. 20, Figs. 12, 13. 

Upper Coal Measures: Near Kansas City, Missouri, and Winterset, Iowa. 

Description. —Among the Pottsville fossils at hand are large col¬ 
lections of Derbya crassa, which is one of the most abundant, if not 
the most abundant, fossil of the entire formation. Although it has 
not been found below the Lowellville member, it is present in all of the 
marine limestones, and it occurs with very few exceptions at every 
locality from which fossils were collected. The size is somewhat vari¬ 
able, but the measurements of an individual of average size from the 
Lowellville black shale on Poverty Run are: length 20.5 mm., length 
of hinge line 20 mm., maximum width 23.5 mm. Dorsal valves, when 
uncrushed, are quite convex, while ventral valves are slightly convex 
in the umbonal region, becoming flattened toward the margins. The 
surface is characteristically covered with radiating lines, a coarse one 
alternating with one, two, or three finer ones; crossed by fine, closely 
arranged, concentric lines which give a crenulated appearance to the 
shell, and also by a few coarse lines of growth. 

Horizon and locality. —Very abundant and widely distributed in 
the middle and upper Pottsville formation including the following 
members: Lowellville, Boggs, Lower Mercer limestone, Lower Mercer 
ore, Upper Mercer, McArthur, and Black Flint, aa. 

Derbya robusta (Hall) 

PI. VII, fig. 11 


1858 Orthis robusta. Hall, Geol. Iowa, Vol. I, Pt. 2, p. 713, PI. 28, Figs. 5a-c. 

Lower Coal Measures : St. Clair County, Illinois. 

Description. —This large brachiopod is confined to the Lower 
Mercer horizon in its occurrence in the Pottsville formation of this 
State; it is by no means a common or characteristic fossil except at a 
single locality in Vernon Township, Scioto County. A considerable 
number of well-preserved specimens of both dorsal and ventral valves 
which agree rather closely with HalFs species, have been examined. 
However, our shell differs from Hall’s figures in having the hinge line 
considerably shorter, so that its length is less than the greatest width of 
the shell below. As this group of brachiopods, however, is a very 
variable one, the difference in the length of the hinge line is not thought 
to be of specific value. In Vernon Township, Scioto County, it is asso¬ 
ciated with Chonetes choteauensis, Aulacorhynchus millepundatus, and 


178 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Deltopeden scalaris, all of which are common and represent a peculiar 
local fauna, distinct from the Lower Mercer fauna found elsewhere in 
the State. 

Dimensions. —The dimensions of a dorsal and a ventral valve of 
average size are: 


Dorsal Ventral 

Length_ 53 mm. 58 +mm. 

Width_ 66 mm. 69 mm. 

Length of hinge line_52 mm. 52 mm. 

Convexity_13 mm. (Crushed) 8 mm. (Crushed) 


Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Scioto .County, 
Vernon Township, Locality 31, c; Licking County, Bald Knob, Lo¬ 
cality 46, r. 


Genus Chonetes Fischer 
Chonetes choteauensis Mather 
PL VII, figs. 16-18 

1915 Chonetes choteauensis. Mather, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. XVIII, p. 150, PI. 8, 
Figs. 9-10a. 

Morrow formation: Near Choteau and Fort Gibson, Oklahoma. 

Description. —Shell small, subcircular to subquadrangular in out¬ 
line; ratio of length to width about 3:5; hinge-line equal to or slightly 
greater than the greatest width of the shell below. Ventral valve 
moderately convex, the greatest convexity being anterior to the middle 
of the valve and on either side of the shallow mesial sinus; ears flat¬ 
tened; extremities of the hinge line on some specimens slightly mucro- 
nate, on others just equal to the greatest width anteriorly; lateral 
margins forming an angle of 90 degrees with the hinge line, subparallel 
to a point below the middle of the valve, broadly rounded into the 
front; front flattened or very slightly concave; beak inconspicuous, not 
extending beyond the cardinal margin; cardinal area narrow with upper 
margin marked by four or five long,, slender oblique spines on either 
side of the beak; a poorly defined, shallow mesial sinus, or rather a mere 
flattening becoming evident in the posterior half of the valve, widen¬ 
ing toward the front. Dorsal valve concave, following the curvature of 
the opposite valve. Surface marked by very fine, rounded, radiating 
striae, crossed by concentric lines of growth which are fairly prominent 
near the anteriblr and lateral margins; finely punctate with spine bases 
arranged at regular intervals along the striae imparting to them a no¬ 
dose appearance when examined microscopically. 

Dimensions. —A specimen of average size from the Lowellville 






DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


179 


member measures: length 6.2 mm., width 10.2 mm., convexity 1 mm. 
The measurements of another specimen from the Boggs limestone 
where the form is on the average larger than those of the Lowellville 
limestone are: length 8.5 mm., width 12 mm., convexity 2 mm. 

Remarks. —In the Boggs member this species occurs most com¬ 
monly as internal casts on which the muscular impressions and other 
internal markings are often well preserved. The Ohio forms differ 
from the typical C. choteauensis from Oklahoma in being less convex, 
with the mesial sinus or flattening correspondingly less pronounced. 
These variations, however, may be attributed largely to compression. 
It is abundant in the Lowellville and Boggs members, and has been 
found at a few localities in the Lower Mercer limestone; in the first- 
mentioned member it constitutes the most characteristic fossil. 

Horizon and locality. —Lowellville member: Muskingum County* 
Localities 19 (a), 20 (c), 21 (c); Mahoning County: Locality 22, a. 
Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, Localities 26 (a), 27 (a), 28 (c), 
29 (c). Lower Mercer limestone: Scioto County, Locality 31, c; Jack- 
son County, Locality 32, r. 


Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten 
PI. VII, figs. 14, 15 

1855 Chonetes mesoloba. Norwood and Pratten, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 2nd Ser., 
Vol 3, p. 27, PI. 2, Figs. 7a-c. 

Coal Measures: Belleville, Illinois; Charboniere, Missouri. 

Remarks. —This common and characteristic fossil of wide distri¬ 
bution throughout the Pennsylvanian rocks of the United States, is not 
found in the lower Pottsville formation of Ohio, but is common and 
universally distributed in the members including and above the Lower 
Mercer limestone. It is, however, particularly characteristic of the 
Lower Mercer horizon in which it occurs in extreme abundance. Chonetes 
choteauensis characterizes the Lowellville and Boggs members, while 
C. mesolobus has not been found on either horizon, with the exception 
of a few individuals from the Boggs limestone at a single locality. The 
former species seems to have disappeared almost entirely from the 
Pottsville sea by the advent of Lower Mercer time, for it has been dis¬ 
covered practically at only one locality in Scioto County. In 
its place C. mesolobus appears abundant and wide-spread, persisting 
throughout the remainder of the Pottsville and the Allegheny forma¬ 
tions. This little shell is unusually interesting because it often retains 
color markings. The colors occur in rather broad, concentric bands 
which become narrower and more closely arranged toward the sides 
and front. 


180 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Horizon and locality. —Boggs member: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 27, r. Widely distributed throughout the Lower Mercer, Upper 
Mercer, McArthur, and Black Flint members, aa. 

Genus Aulacorhynchus Dittmar 

Aulacorhynchus millepunctatus (Meek and Worthen) 

PL VII, fig. 12 

1870 Chonetes ?? millepunctatus. Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 
p. 35. 

Upper Coal Measures: Marion County, Illinois. 

1873 Chonetes ?? millepunctata. Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 5, p. 566, 
PI. 25, Fig. 3. 

Upper Coal Measures: Marion County, Illinois. 

Description. —The occurrence of this large brachiopod in the Potts- 
ville formation of Ohio is confined, so far as is known, to the Lower 
Mercer member of a single locality in Vernon Township, Scioto County. 
A dozen or more specimens of dorsal valves, some of which are fairly 
well preserved, were observed and were found to agree with the Illinois 
form so closely that the identification was made with considerable 
confidence. The presence of Aulacorhynchus millepunctatus in the 
middle Pottsville of this State is of especial interest as the species be¬ 
longs distinctly to the Upper Pennsylvanian; its occurrence in any of 
the higher formations of the Pennsylvanian system of Ohio has not 
been recorded. 

Dimensions. —Length of the largest specimen found 20 mm.; 
width 58 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer member: Scioto County, 

Locality 31, c. 

Genus Productus Sowerby 
Productus cora d’Orbigny 
PI. VIII, figs. 1-3 

1847 Productus cora. De Koninck, Monog. du Gen. Prod, et Chon., p. 50, PI. 4, 
Figs. 4a, b; PI. 5, Figs. 2a-d. 

Carboniferous: Guernsey County, Flint Ridge, and Zanesville, Ohio; Indi¬ 
ana; Nova Scotia; Bolivia, etc., South America. 

Description. —This species is a common one in the marine lime¬ 
stones of the Pottsville formation, but does not become abundant 
below the Lower Mercer member. Although it varies much in size, it 
is generally very large; a representative specimen from the Lower 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


181 


Mercer limestone has the following measurements: length 47 + mm., 
length of hinge line 40 mm., width 50 + mm. The hinge line is com¬ 
monly shorter than the greatest width of the valves, which are marked 
with fine, sinuous lines. Coarse, concentric wrinkles cover the visceral 
regions, but become more deeply impressed on the ears. The ventral 
valve is not marked by a sinus, but sometimes a slight flattening occurs 
in the mesial region. A few large spines are scattered over the surface. 

Horizon and locality. —Universally distributed throughout the mid¬ 
dle and upper Pottsville formation: Lowellville, c; Boggs, a; Lower 
Mercer, aa; Lower Mercer ore, c; Upper Mercer, aa; McArthur, aa; 
Black Flint, c. 


Productus semireticulatus (Martin) 

PI. VIII, fig. 6 

1847 Productus semireticulatus. De Koninck, Monog. du Gen. Prod, et Chon., p. 83, 
PI. 8, Figs. 1 a-h; PI. 9, Figs, la-m; PI. 10, Figs. la-d. 

Carboniferous: Harrisville, Bagdad, Cuyahoga, Zanesville, Flint Ridge, 
Greensburg, and Antrim, Ohio; Missouri, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky; Bo¬ 
livia, South America. 

Remarks. —This common and widely distributed Productus is one 
of the most abundant and characteristic fossils of the Pottsville forma¬ 
tion of this State, especially in the middle and upper members. In 
size, however, it is considerably smaller than is generally the rule with 
representatives of the species. 

Dimensions. —A typical specimen measures: length 35 mm., width 
at hinge line 46 mm., convexity 23 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Lowellville limestone: Muskingum County, 
Localities 20, 21, c. Widely distributed in the Boggs, c, Lower Mer¬ 
cer, Upper Mercer, McArthur, and Black Flint members, aa. 

Productus semireticulatus (Martin) var. 

PI. VIII, figs. .4, 5 

Compare 1915 Productus morrowensis. Mather, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. XVIII, p. 152, 
PI. 10, Figs. l-4a. 

Hale formation: Arkansas and Oklahoma; Morrow formation: Oklahoma. 

( 

Description. —Associated with Productus semireticulatus there is 
another less abundant Productus of the semireticulatus type, which 
may either represent a distinct species or may be only a variety of the 
above form. The contour is in no way different, although the size is 
generally less, and the radiating costae are finer and more regular. 
Careful comparisons have been made by the writer with the type speci- 


182 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


mens of P. morrowensis Mather, borrowed for this purpose from the 
Walker Museum at the University of Chicago, and with one exception 
no essential differences could be noted between the two forms. How¬ 
ever, indications of the double row of spines on the cardinal slopes and 
the main flanks which characterizes the Morrow species, was noted on 
only one of the Ohio specimens although a considerable amount of ma¬ 
terial was examined. It seems probable that this form represents an 
individual variation, rather than that the spines were originally present 
on all of the specimens but failed to be preserved. There appears to 
be a gradual gradation between this form and P. semireticulatus and 
for the present it seems advisable to refer to it as a variety of the latter 
species. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs member: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
calities 26, 27, 28, c. Lower Mercer member: Scioto County, Locality 
31, c. Upper Mercer member: Perry County, Locality 63, c; Mus¬ 
kingum County, Localities 29, 38, c. 

Genus Pustula Thomas 
Pustula nebraskensis (Owen) 

1852 Productus nebraskensis. Owen, Geol. Rep. Wisconsin, Iowa, and Minnesota, 
p. 594, Tab. 5, Fig. 3. 

Carboniferous limestone: Bellevue, Missouri River, Nebraska. 


Remarks. —This common Pennsylvanian fossil occurs abundantly 
in rocks of Pottsville age in Ohio, and is one of the most widely dis¬ 
tributed forms. Although it characterizes the marine limestone hori¬ 
zons, it has not been found below the Lowellville member. Much of 
the material in the collections studied is in an excellent state of pres¬ 
ervation. 

Horizon and locality. —Lowellville limestone: Muskingum County, 
Locality 19, r; Mahoning County, Locality 22, r. Widely distributed 
in the Boggs, c, Lower Mercer, Upper Mercer, McArthur, aa, and 
Black Flint, a, members. 

Pustula pertenuis (Meek) 

PI. VIII, fig. 8 

1866 Productus cancrini. Geinitz (non de Verneuil), Die Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, 
p. 54, PI. 4, Fig. 6. 

Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

1872 Productus 'pertenuis. Meek, U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr., p. 164, PI. 1, Fig. 14; 
PI. 8, Fig. 9. 

Upper Coal Measures: Nebraska City and Brownville, Nebraska; Grass¬ 
hopper Creek, Kansas. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


183 


Description. —Specimens of Pustula pertenuis have been obtained 
from the Sharon ore and the Lower Mercer and McArthur limestones, 
although they are of rare occurrence in the Pottsville rocks of this State. 
The small size, the fine radiating lines, and the numerous concentric 
wrinkles which cover the entire shell, together with a few scattered 
spine bases make the form easily recognizable. 

Dimensions. —A specimen from the Harrison ore measures: length 
8 mm., width 11 mm., convexity 4 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, r. 
Lower Mercer member: Muskingum County, Locality 28, r ( ; Licking 
County, Locality 46, r. McArthur member: Jackson County, Local¬ 
ity 80, r. 

Pustula punctatus (Martin) 

PI. VIII, fig. 9 

1836 Productus punctatus"? Morton, Am. Jour. Sci., 1st Ser., Vol. 29, p. 153, PI. 26, 
Fig. 38. 

Coal Measures: Ohio Valley. 

1838 Producta semipunctata. Shepard, Am. Jour. Sci., 1st Ser., Vol. 34, p. 153, Fig. 9. 
Limestone: Peru, Illinois. 

Description. —Pustula punctatus is common in the Pottsville forma¬ 
tion of this State in and above the Boggs member. It is generally 
well preserved and can be distinguished by its large size and by the 
numerous regular, concentric ridges covered with small spines which 
mark the surface. An almost perfect specimen from the Boggs lime¬ 
stone has the following measurements: length 40 mm., length of hinge 
line 30 ± mm., width 38 mm., convexity 22 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs member: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
calities 27, 28, r. Lower Mercer member: Muskingum County, Locali¬ 
ties 44, 45, r; Licking County, Localities 46, 48, 49, c. Upper Mercer, 
member: Muskingum County, Locality 21, r. 

Pustula symmetricus (McChesney) 

PI. VIII, fig. 7 

1860 Productus symmetricus. McChesney, Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 35. 

Upper Coal Measures: LaSalle and Springfield, Illinois. 

1865 Productus symmetricus. McChesney, Ill. New Spec. Foss., PI. 1, Figs. 9a-b. 

Description. —Representatives of Pustula symmetricus are rare in 
the collections of Pottsville fossils at hand and consist of a few dorsal 
valves from the Lower and Upper Mercer members. These differ 
from the dorsal valves of P. nebraskensis principally in their larger size 
and in their trifid cardinal process, which in the latter species is bifid. 


184 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


P. symmetricus is of rare occurrence, while P. nebraskensis is extremely 
abundant and widely distributed throughout the Pottsville formation. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Somerset, Locality 35, r. Upper Mercer limestone: Holmes County, 
Salt Creek Township, Locality 73, r. 

i 

Genus Marginifera Waagen 
Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty 
Pl. IX, figs. 1-5 

1915 Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis. Girty, Missouri Bureau Geol. and 
Mines, Vol. XIII, 2nd Ser., p. 350, PL XXX, Figs. 2-5a. 

Cherokee shale: Missouri. 

Description. —Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis is one of the 
most abundant and widely distributed fossils of the Pottsville forma¬ 
tion in Ohio; it occurs in all of the marine limestones with the exception 
of the Boggs member, and is present in great profusion at some locali¬ 
ties in the Lower Mercer limestone. It is small in size and the gibbous 
ventral valve imparts a globular appearance to the shell. The surface 
is marked by rather fine, regular costae, crossed by concentric wrinkles 
which on some specimens reach anteriorly two-thirds the length of the 
shell; spines are numerous on all parts of the valves. The slight, ill- 
defined fold near the anterior margin of the ventral valve, mentioned 
by Girty on the Missouri forms, is absent on specimens from Ohio; 
this character, however, is not a constant one. 

Dimensions. —The measurements of a ventral valve of average 
size are: length 11 mm., width 13.5 mm., convexity 3.2 mm.; of a dorsal 
valve: length 10.5 mm., width 12.5 mm., convexity 3.2 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Widely distributed throughout the Lowell- 
ville, c, Lower Mercer, aa, Upper Mercer, c, McArthur, aa, and Black 
Flint, c, members. 

Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten) 

PL IX, figs. 6-10 

1854 Productus wabashensis '. Norwood and Pratten, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Jour., 2nd 
Ser., Vol. 3, p. 13, PI. 1, Figs. 6 a-d. 

Coal Measures: near New Harmony, Indiana. 

1903 Marginifera wabashensis var. Girty, Prof. Paper. U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 16, 
p. 375, Pl. 5, Figs. 8, 8a. 

Carboniferous: Colorado. 

Description. —This common and characteristic fossil is found 
everywhere in the marine limestones of the Pottsville formation, al- 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


185 


though it is especially abundant in the Lower Mercer and McArthur 
members. It is generally found in an excellent state of preservation. 
The ventral valve is very gibbous or even globular, having the greatest 
curvature in the posterior third of the shell. The hinge line is ex¬ 
tended forming the greatest width of the valve; the beak is small, 
depressed, and slightly incurved, while the visceral region is flattened. 
The valve is divided into two prominent lobes by a deep, narrow sinus, 
and the entire surface is covered with fine, often obscure, radiating 
striae, with small, indistinct concentric wrinkles covering the visceral 
region and ears; a few spines are scattered over the surface, two of 
which are generally located near the center of the valve, one on either 
side of the sinus. 

Dimensions. —Length 12.7 mm., length of hinge line 14 mm., 
greatest width of valve below hinge line 13.5 mm., convexity 9 mm. 

Remarks. — Marginifera wabashensis is the common Pennsylvanian 
fossil which has been described and figured in various Ohio reports as 
Productus longispinus . 1 It likewise agrees very closely with the genicu¬ 
late forms from Colorado described and figured by Girty as M. wabash¬ 
ensis var. 2 

Horizon and locality. —Lowellville limestone: Muskingum County, 
Locality 20, r; Mahoning County, Locality 22, r. Widely distributed 
throughout the Boggs, Lower Mercer, Upper Mercer, McArthur, and 
Black Flint members, aa. 


Genus Dielasma King 


Dielasma bovidens Morton? 

1836 Terebratula bovidens. Morton, Am. Jour. Sci., 1st Ser., Vol. 29, p. 150, PI. 2, 
Fig. 4. 

Coal Measures: Ohio Valley. 


Remarks.— A few specimens of a small brachiopod apparently 
closely resembling Dielasma bovidens were obtained from the Lower 
Mercer limestone on Flint Ridge. Their condition of preservation, 
however, is too poor to permit the identification to be made with much 
confidence, especially as no other specimens were found elsewhere in 
the Pottsville formation of this State. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, 
Flint Ridge, Locality 47, r. 


derrick, C. L., Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 48, PI. 2, Figs. 25, 27, 28, 1887. 
Mark, C. G., Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. XVI, PI. 8, Fig. 7, 1911. 

Mark, C. G., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 17, p. 302, PI. 13, Fig. 8,1912. 

2 Girty, G. H., U. S. Geol. Surv., Prof. Paper No. 16, p. 385, PI. 5, Figs. 8,8a, 1903. 



186 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Genus Spiriferina D’Orbigny 

Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard) 

1852 Spirifer octoplicata ? Hall, Stansb. Exped. to Gt. Salt Lake, p. 409, PI. 4, 
Figs. 4 a, b. 

Carboniferous: Missouri River, near Weston. 

1855 Spirifer Kentuckyensis. Shumard, Geol. Rep. Mo., p. 203. 

Coal Measures: On the Missouri River near Weston, and Grayson County, 
Kentucky. 

Description. —This species is common in the Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone and also in the higher members of the Pottsville formation but 
is rare in the lower horizons. It shows considerable variation in size 
and shape as well as in the length of the hinge line and the number of 
plications present. A number of small individuals from the Harrison 
and Sharon ores, all of which are in an imperfect state of preservation, 
have been referred rather doubtfully to this species. The surface is 
finely punctate and is covered with concentric lamellae, while five 
plications are present on either side of the fold and sinus. The forms 
from the marine limestones can easily be recognized by the long, ex¬ 
tended hinge line, by the prominent fold and sinus, marked centrally 
by a small furrow and plication respectively, and by the numerous 
regular concentric lines covering the surface. Eight to ten plications 
mark the area on either side of the fold and sinus. 

Dimensions. —A specimen of average size from the Harrison ore 
measures: length 7 mm., width 11 mm., convexity of the ventral valve 
4 mm.; one of average size from the Lower Mercer limestone: length 
9 mm., width 18.5 mm., convexity of the ventral valve 6 mm. 

Horizon and locality.—Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 
1, c. Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, c. Lowellville member: 
widely distributed, c. Generally distributed in the Lower Mercer, 
Upper Mercer, and McArthur members, c. Lower Mercer ore: Jack- 
son County, Locality 56, r. 


Genus Spirifer Sowerby 
Spirifer boonensis Swallow? 

PL IX, figs. 21-25 

1860 Spirifer boonensis. Swallow, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 646. 

Lower Coal Measures: Boone, Randolph, and Monroe Counties, Missouri. 
1903 Spirifer boonensis ? Girty, Prof. Paper, U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 16, p. 381, PI. 6, 
Figs. 1-3. 

Carboniferous: Colorado. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


187 


Description. —Shell large, subquadrate in outline, convex, ratio of 
length to width about 2:3; hinge line produced, always forming the 
greatest width of the shell. Ventral valve strongly convex, beak 
highly elevated and incurved over the hinge line; cardinal area, broad, 
transversely striated; delthyrium large; mesial sinus well defined, 
becoming broad and deep toward the front, always marked by at least 
three strong, rounded ribs, but sometimes by five ribs, the lateral one 
on each side in the latter case being smaller and formed by the bifurca¬ 
tion of the ribs bounding the sinus. Dorsal valve less convex than 
ventral, beak incurved and slightly elevated above the hinge line; 
mesial fold strongly elevated, consisting of four to six ribs, the two 
middle ones extending to the beak but bifurcating posterior to the 
middle of the valve, so that four plications always reach the front; two 
smaller, lateral plications sometimes originating by further bifurcation 
of the outer ribs. Surface on either side of the fold and sinus marked 
by ten to twelve simple, rounded ribs which are covered with fine, 
radiating lines; crossed by a few faint concentric lines of growth near 
the front and lateral margins. 

Dimensions. —The following measurements were made of four large 
specimens, two of which are ventral valves, and two, dorsal valves: 

Ventral Valves Dorsal Valves 

Length of hinge line (maximum 


width)_ 37 mm. 33 mm. 41 mm. 35 mm. 

Length of shell_ 20 mm. 19 mm. 28 mm. 23 mm. 

Convexity_ 4.5 mm. 4.5 mm. 7 mm. 5.5 mm. 


Remarks. —This species is common throughout the marine lime¬ 
stones of the Pottsville formation of this State in and above the Boggs 
member, but is especially abundant in the Boggs, Lower Mercer, and 
McArthur limestones. It appears identical with the form from the 
Humerosa formation of Colorado, described and figured by Girty as 
S. boonensis ? Both are characterized by their long hinge lines which 
form the greatest width of the shell, and by their coarse ribs of which 
three to five occupy the sinus and four to six the fold. In the Colorado 
form there are twelve to thirteen lateral plications, while the form from 
Ohio has ten to twelve on either side of the fold and sinus. There can 
be little doubt that the forms under consideration belong to S. boonensis 
as interpreted by Girty. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs member: Localities 26, 27, 28, 29, a. 
Lower Mercer member: Scioto County, Locality 31, a; Jackson County 
Localities 11, 33, c; Muskingum County, Locality 27, c; Licking County, 
Locality 46, r; Mahoning County, Localities 54, 22, c. Upper Mercer 
member: Scioto County, Locality 58, c; Muskingum County, Locality 
38, c; Mahoning County, Locality 53, r. McArthur member: Jackson 
County, Locality 80, c. Black Flint member: Jackson County, Locality 
87, c; Vinton County, Locality 92, r. 





188 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Spirifer cameratus Morton 
PI. IX, figs. 11, 12 

1836 Spirifer cameratus. Morton, Am. Jour. Sci., 1st Ser., Vol. 29, p. 150, PI. 2, 

Fig. 3. 

Coal Measures: Ohio Valley. 

Description. —Large Spirifers of the cameratus type constitute one 
of the most common and characteristic forms not only of the middle 
and upper Pottsville, but of almost the entire Pennsylvanian system 
of Ohio. It has not been found to occur, however, below the Lower 
Mercer limestone. The type is distinguished by its long hinge line, and 
by its strong, numerous, freely bifurcating plications which are arranged 
in bundles of three, five, or occasionally seven. The forms in the col¬ 
lections studied show considerable variation in the length of the hinge 
line, the number and size of the plications, and the tendency toward 
bifurcation, and it is believed that several varieties doubtlessly are 
present. As all gradations exist in the above-mentioned respects 
between opposite extremes, no plausible basis for further subdivision 
of the species was discovered. The more coarsely plicate type, how¬ 
ever, greatly predominates in Pottsville rocks of this State. 

Dimensions. —A specimen of average size from the Lower Mercer 
limestone measures: length 30 mm., width at hinge line 38 mm., con¬ 
vexity of ventral valve 10 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —-Widely distributed throughout the Lower 
Mercer, Upper Mercer, McArthur, and Black Flint members, a. 

Spirifer opimus Hall 
PI. IX, figs 13-20 

1858 Spirifer opimus. Hall, Geol. Iowa, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, p. 711, PI. 28, Figs, la, b. 

Coal Measures: Ohio, Maryland, Iowa, etc. 

1915 Spirifer opimus. Mather, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. XVIII, p. 185, PI. 12, Figs. 7-7c. 

Morrow formation: Arkansas and Oklahoma. 

Hall’s description. —“Shell rotund, gibbous, length and width 
nearly equal; hinge line equaling or sometimes a little greater or less 
than the width of the shell below: valves nearly equally gibbous in 
their greatest convexity. Dorsal valve regularly convex, with a strong 
well-defined mesial fold which is simple at the apex, dividing a little 
below, and each division again dicotomizing, the two middle divisions 
stronger than the lateral ones, and separated by a well-defined groove; 
in some of the smaller shells, the lateral plications of the mesial fold are 
feebly or not at all developed: beak elevated a little above the hinge¬ 
line, and incurving over a narrow defined area. Ventral valve most 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


189 


gibbous above the middle, and abruptly rounding toward the sides-and 
front; mesial sinus well defined, simple above, and becoming marked 
by three small plications in the middle and lower part; beak much ele¬ 
vated and strongly incurved, covering the upper part of the large fora¬ 
men; area high in the middle, slightly concave, continued to the ex¬ 
tremities of the hinge line, vertically striated: foramen large, forming an 
equilateral triangle. 

“Surface marked by from eight to ten simple abruptly elevated pli¬ 
cations (on either side of the fold and sinus) 1 which are equal to the 
spaces between, concentrically marked by strong imbricating lamellose 
lines of growth, and, on well-preserved specimens, by finer radiating 
and concentric striae.” 

The Ohio forms are uniformly small with the hinge line equal to 
or less than the greatest width of the shell below. The sinus of the 
ventral valve is marked by three to five bifurcating plications, of which 
the middle one is generally larger than the lateral ones; the fold of the 
dorsal valve by four to six bifurcating plications, the two middle being 
most prominent. The plications on either side of the fold and sinus 
are invariably simple, and although generally ten in number, variations 
from eight to twelve were noted. 

Dimensions. —The following measurements were taken of three 
specimens of typical size: 


l 

Length_ 18 mm. 

Length of hinge line_ 19.5 mm. 

Maximum width below hinge line_ 20 mm. 


2 3 

16 mm. 18 mm. 

16 mm. 19 mm. 

19 mm. 20 mm. 


Remarks. —-As compared with S. boonensis, S. opimus is much 
smaller, and less transverse, with the length and width nearly equal; 
the hinge line is never extended as in the former species. Each, how¬ 
ever, has the lateral plications simple and those of the fold and sinus 
bifurcated. 

S. opimus has generally been regarded as a synonym of Marcou’s 
species, S. rockymontanus , from the Mountain limestone of New Mexico. 
According to Mather’s interpretation of Marcou’s species from his study 
of certain forms from the Morrow formation of Arkansas and Oklahoma, 
S. opimus is really distinct from the latter species. He compares the 
two forms thus: 2 “This shell (Spirifer rockymontanus) one of the most 
abundant in the Morrow collections, is characterized by occasional 
bifurcations of the lateral plications in which it agrees with the larger 
specimen figured by Marcou. S. opimus Hall is apparently a form 

The words^in parentheses have been supplied by the writer. 

2 Mather, K. F., Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. XVIII, p. 184, 1915. 

Dr. Mather has kindly examined some specimens of the form in question from 
Ohio, and states that they are identical with those which he identified as S. opimus 
from the Morrow fauna of Arkansas. 






190 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


ordinarily smaller than adult members of this species and its lateral 
plications are invariably simple, as inferred from figures and descrip¬ 
tions. It is not synonymous with S. rockymontanus.” 

An examination of Marcou’s figures of S. rockymontanus shows that 
his species is marked with numerous, rather fine plications, freely bi¬ 
furcating on the sides as well as in the sinus and on the fold. On the 
right si,de of the fold on the large figure of the dorsal valve, there are 
four bifurcated plications, while on the large ventral valve one of the 
plications is apparently three-forked and at least sixteen lateral plica¬ 
tions seem to be present. The hinge line as stated in the description 
is shorter than the greatest width of the shell. Compared with S. 
opimus, the contour is very similar as in both the length and width 
are nearly equal, but the plications are finer, more numerous'and freely 
bifurcating. It is of significance also that Hall cites his species as 
occurring in Ohio, while that of Marcou was described from a distant 
locality. 

Horizon and locality. —Widely distributed throughout the middle 
and upper Pottsville formation excluding the Boggs and Sand Block 
ore members: Lowellville, a; Lower Mercer, aa; Lower Mercer ore, a; 
Upper Mercer, aa; McArthur, aa; Black Flint, a. 


Genus Ambocoelia Hall 
Ambocoelia planoconvexa (Shumard) 

1855 Ambocoelia planoconvexa. Shumard, Geol. Rep. Mo., p. 202. 

Upper Coal Measures: On Missouri River, near mouth of Platte River. 

Description. —This common and widely distributed Pennsylvanian 
species has been found only in the McArthur limestone from two locali¬ 
ties. Although it is rare in the Pottsville formation of this State, a 
number of well-preserved specimens have been obtained. The indi¬ 
viduals are all small, one of average size measuring: length 5.5 mm., 
width 5 mm., convexity 2.5 ± mm. 

Horizon and locality. —McArthur limestone: Jackson County, Lo¬ 
cality 80, r; Hocking County, Locality 86, r. 


Ambocoelia planoconvexa (Shumard) var. 


Description. —A small brachiopod belonging to the genus Ambo¬ 
coelia is common in the black shales on the Lowellville horizon along 
Poverty Run, Muskingum County. The form suggests identification 
with Ambocoelia planoconvexa (Shumard), but fairly constant differ- 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


191 


ences render such identification doubtful. The Lowellville form is 
small, about one-half the size of A. planoconvexa, narrower, with a 
shorter hinge line which equals only about one-half the greatest width 
of the shell. The beak of the ventral valve is somewhat broader and 
less elevated; it is marked by a faint, narrow sinus which becomes 
evident near the beak. However, occasionally specimens of A. plano¬ 
convexa are found on which the differences mentioned above are not 
very evident, so that a new specific or even a new variety name for the 
Lowellville form may not be justifiable, especially as the material at 
hand is not in first-class condition. 

Dimensions. —A large ventral valve measures: length 4.5 mm., 
width 5.5 mm., convexity 2.2 mm. A dorsal valve of average size 
measures: length 2.2 mm., width 2.7 mm. 

Horizon and locality.— Lowellville member: Poverty Run, Mus¬ 
kingum County, Locality 19, c. 


Genus Squamularia Gemmellaro 
Squamularia perplexa (McChesney) 

PI. IX, figs. 26, 27 

1856 Spirifer lineatus. Hall, Pac. R. R. Rep., Vol. 3, p. 101, PI. 2, Figs. 6-8. 

(Non S. lineatus Martin, 1809.) 

Carboniferous: Pecos Village, New Mexico. 

1860 Spirifer perplexa. McChesney, Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 43. 

Upper Coal Measures: Almost every part of the country where rocks of 
that age occur. 

1899 Reticularia perplexa. Girty, U. S. Geol. Surv., Nineteenth Ann. Rept., Pt. 3, 
p. 577, PI. 72, Fig. la. 

Upper Coal Measures: McAlester quadrangle, Indian Territory. 

1903 Squamularia perplexa. Girty, Prof. Paper, U. S. Geol. Surv., No. 16, p. 392, 
PI. 6, Figs. 8-1 lc. 

Humerosa, Weber, and Maroon formations: Colorado. 

Description.— This is an abundant and widely distributed fossil 
in the marine limestones of the Pottsville formation above the Boggs 
member, although it is rare in the latter horizon. It occurs as a rule 
as internal casts on which fine concentric bands of spines or traces of 
them are usually visible. The Ohio specimens are somewhat larger 
than those described by McChesney which seldom attain a width of 
more than five-eighths of an inch. 

Dimensions. —A specimen of average size from the Lower Mercer 
limestone measures: length 16 mm., width 19.5 mm., convexity 5 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs limestone: Symmes Creek, Mus¬ 
kingum County, Locality 29, r. Widely distributed throughout the 
Lower Mercer, Upper Mercer, McArthur, and Black Flint members, a. 




192 POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 

Genus Hustedia Hall and Clarke 
Hustedia mormoni (Marcou) 

PL IX, figs. 28, 29 

1858 Terebratula mormoni , Marcou, Geol. North America, p. 51, PI. 6, Fig. 11. 
Mountain L. S.: Salt Lake City, Utah. 

1894 Hustedia mormoni. Hall and Clarke, Int. to Study of Brach., Pt. 2, PL 37, 
Figs. 13-20. 

Coal Measures: Near Kansas City, Missouri. 

Remarks. —Although this little species is abundant and widely dis¬ 
tributed in rocks of Pennsylvanian age, it is particularly characteristic 
of the upper part of the system, so that its appearance in the basal 
member of the Pottsville formation in Ohio is of interest,—especially 
as it has not been found in any of the higher members of that forma¬ 
tion. The form is common in the Harrison ore, and with the exception 
of a few cases where the entire shell has been replaced by calcite, it 
occurs only as internal and external molds. Occasionally the spiralia 
and crura are preserved. 

Dimensions.— A specimen of average size measures: length 7 mm., 
width 4.5 mm., convexity 4 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 

1, c. 

Genus Composita Brown 
Composita subtilita (Hall) 

PI. VIII, figs. 10-13 

1838 Terebratula argentea. Shepard, Am. Jour. Sci., 1st Ser., Vol. 34, p. 152, Fig. 8. 

Limestone: Western bluff of Little Vermilion River, Illinois. 

1852 Terebratula subtilita. Hall, Stansbury’s Exped. Great Salt Lake of Utah, p. 409, 
PI. 2, Figs. 1, 2. 

Carboniferous: Missouri River, near Weston. 

Remarks. —Composita subtilita constitutes without doubt the most 
widely distributed and one of the most abundant fossils of the Pottsville 
formation of Ohio. It is common in the Harrison and Sharon ores at 
the base, and is found in almost every other fossiliferous horizon to the 
Black Flint member at the top, although it occurs in great profusion 
in the Lower Mercer and McArthur members. Specimens from the 
Harrison ore often have the spiralia and even the jugum preserved in 
an unusual manner. 

Dimensions. —The measurements of a large specimen from the 
Harrison ore are: length 18 mm., width 16 mm., convexity of ventral. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


193 


valve 5 mm.; an individual of average size from the Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone has the following dimensions: length 24 mm., width 22 mm., con¬ 
vexity 12 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
c. Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, c. Of general distribution 
in the Lowellville, Boggs, Lower Mercer limestone, Lower Mercer ore, 
Upper Mercer, McArthur, and Black Flint members, aa. 

Composita sp. 

Description.— A species of Composita , closely related to C. subtilita, 
occurs at several localities in the Boggs, Upper Mercer, and McArthur 
members. The form is relatively shorter and broader than is char¬ 
acteristic of C. subtilita, with the fold and sinus much less strongly 
marked. However, the specimens at hand are for the most part too 
poorly preserved for specific identification. 

Horizon and locality.— Boggs member: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 26, r. Upper Mercer member: Mahoning County, Locality 76, 
r. McArthur member: Jackson County, Locality 80, c; Vinton County, 
Locality 83, r. 

PHYLUM MOLLUSCA 
Class Pelecypoda 

Minute Pelecypoda (Three or more species) 

Description. —Several species of minute pelecypods are common in 
the Sand Block ore. They are pleurophoroid in form and occur as 
internal molds measuring from .5 to 1.5 mm. in length; none of the 
surface markings are preserved. 

Horizon and locality. —Sand Block ore: Jackson County, Locality 
57, c. 

Genus Solenomya Lamarck 
Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen 

1860 Solenomya radiata. Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 547. 

Coal Measures: GrayviUe, Illinois. 

1866 Solenomya radiata. Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 2, p. 349, PI. 26, 

Figs. 10a, b. 

Coal Measures: Schuyler County, Illinois. 

Description. —This species is rare in the Pottsville formation of 
Ohio, but occurs most commonly in the Lower Mercer limestone of 
Muskingum and Licking counties, especially along Flint Ridge. Most 


7—G. B. 25. 


194 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


of the specimens are internal molds on which the fine radiating lines 
characteristic of the species are clearly marked. Tfye Ohio forms show 
no variations which distinguish them in any way from Meek and 
Worthen’s species. 

Dimensions. —The largest specimen in the collections at hand 
measures: length 30 mm., height 14.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Localities 43, 45, r; Licking County, Locality 46, r; Flint Ridge, 
Localities 47, 48, r. 

Solenomya?? sharonens s n. sp. 

PI. X, figs. 1, 2 

Description. —Shell small, transversely subovate, length about 
twice the height; convex, point of greatest convexity being about two- 
fifths the height of the shell from the beak to the inferior margin; beak 
pointing obliquely forward, incurved, slightly elevated over the cardinal 
margin, situated about one-third the length of the shell from the anter¬ 
ior extremity; cardinal margin equal to one-half the length of the shell, 
sloping slightly downwards; ventral or inferior margin long, almost 
straight, rounding abruptly into the posterior extremity which is ob¬ 
liquely truncated above and forms an angle of 145 degrees with the 
hinge line, posterior extremity most extended below the middle of the 
shell; anterior extremity broadly rounded, slightly concave in outline 
anterior to the beak, most prominent about the middle of thq valve 
or a little below; a prominent umbonal ridge extending from the beak 
to the posterior-inferior angle. Surface smooth except for a few obs¬ 
cure, concentric lines of growth. 

Dimensions. —The measurements of the holotype are: length 13.5 
mm., length of hinge line 6.2 mm., height 6.8 mm., convexity of right 
valve 2.4 mm. 

Remarks. —There is much doubt concerning the generic identifica¬ 
tion of this shell, for.it is not very closely allied to any Pennsylvanian 
genus. It is very possible that it does not belong to the genus Solenomya 
which lacks the prominent beak and umbonal development of the form 
under discussion; however, as our specimens appear most closely related 
to Solenomya, it seems best to place them provisionally with that 
genus. One would scarcely be justified in establishing a new genus 
from the material at hand which does not show the characters of the 
hinge and interior adequately. The form is confined to one locality of 
the Sharon ore and has been found only as internal casts. 

Horizon and locality. —Sharon ore: Lick Run, Scioto County, Lo¬ 
cality 2, r. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


195 


Genus Solenomorpha Cockerell 
Solenomorpha lamborni n. sp. 


PI. X, fig. 3 

Description. Shell small, elongate, length about four times the 
height; convex, with maximum convexity in the anterior half of the 
shell behind the beak; beak small, inconspicuous, depressed, directed 
anteriorly, scarcely distinct from the cardinal margin, situated about 
one-eighth the length of the shell from the anterior margin, separated 
from the anterior portion by a short, oblique groove; cardinal margin 
long, straight, extending posteriorly from the beak two-thirds the 
length of the shell; anterior margin broadly rounded dorsally, but nar¬ 
rowly rounded or slightly truncated ventrally, joining the ventral 
margin at a point one-third the length of the shell from the anterior 
end; ventral margin straight, parallel to the hinge line, forming an 
angle of about 80 degrees with the posterior extremity; posterior margin 
straight below, sharply truncated above, forming an angle of 155 de¬ 
grees with the hinge line; a prominent umbonal ridge extending ob¬ 
liquely backward from the beak to the posterior inferior angle. Surface 
smooth except for a few faint concentric lines of growth near the mar¬ 
gins. 

Dimensions. —The holotype measures: length 22 mm., length of 
hinge line 13 mm., height 5.5 mm., convexity of right valve 1.5 mm. 

Remarks. —-This species has been found only as internal casts 
from the Sharon ore of a single locality in Scioto County, where it is 
of comparatively common occurrence. It is characterized by its elon¬ 
gate form, its small, inconspicuous, depressed beak, and its parallel 
dorsal and ventral margins. In the latter respect it differs from Sol¬ 
enomorpha solenoides (Geinitz), a species which has the shell tapering 
posteriorly and becoming bluntly pointed at the posterior extremity. 
The form is extremely fragile, although with care specimens in good 
condition can be obtained. 

Horizon and locality. —Sharon ore: Lick Run, Scioto County, Lo¬ 
cality 2, c. The specific name is given in honor of Mr. Raymond E. 
Lamborn of the Geological Survey of Ohio, by whom the collections of 
Pottsville fossils from Stark and Mahoning counties were made. 

Genus Prothyris Meek 

Prothyris elegans Meek 
PI. XIV, fig. 12 

1871 Prothyris elegans. Meek, Am. Jour. Conch., Vol. 7, p. 8, PI. 1, Fig. 3. 

Coal Measures: Nebraska City, Nebraska; Ohio; Illinois; Michigan. 


196 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


1872 Prothyris elegans. Meek, U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr., p. 223, PI. 10, Figs. 9 a, b. 

•Upper Coal Measures: Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

Meek’s description: “Shell compressed, elongate-oblong, the 

width being about three and a half times the height; ventral and dorsal 
margins straight or a little arched; the latter with a faintly defined 
marginal furrow, below which there is usually an obscure ridge also 
parallel to the dorsal margin; posterior extremity obliquely subtruncate, 
the most prominent part being below the middle; beaks compressed, 
depressed, not distinct from the dorsal margin, and placed about one- 
eighth or one-ninth the length of the valves behind the anterior ex¬ 
tremity; notch of the anterior margin well defined, and extending about 
half way up from the base, and nearly half the distance back from the 
front to the beaks; ridge from the inner angle of the notch narrow, flat, 
and widening slightly from above; anterior margin above the notch 
rounded, and having the appearance of a flattened ear; surface striae 
nearly obsolete on the upper half of the valves, and more distinct bn 
the ventral and antero-ventral regions.” 

Dimensions. —The dimensions of the most perfect of the only two 
specimens in the collections studied are: length 12.5 mm., height 3.5 
mm., convexity .7 mm. 

Remarks. —This species is represented in the collections of Potts- 
ville fossils at hand by two individuals,—one in almost perfect condi¬ 
tion from the Lower Mercer limestone on Flint Ridge, with the valves 
open but still connected at the hinge line; the other in a less perfect 
state of preservation from the Upper Mercer limestone. Practically no 
differences between our species and Meek’s can be noted except that 
the size is only about one-half as great as that of his figured specimen. 
A form identified by Herrick as P. elegans was likewise obtained on Flint 
Ridge, 1 but it is also larger than our form. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, 
Flint Ridge, Locality 47, r. Upper Mercer limestone: Holmes County, 
Locality 73, r. 

Genus Edmondia De Koninck 
Edmondia anodontoides (Meek)? 

1875 Solenomya ?? anodontoides. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 339, PI. 19, Fig. 11. 

Coal Measures: Newark, Ohio. 

1887 Solenomya ? anodontoides. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 29, PI. 4, Fig. 10. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge. 

Description. —A few individual valves from the Lower Mercer 
member are apparently identical with the Flint Ridge form which 
Herrick referred to Meek’s species SolenomyaV. anodontoides. However, 


Hlerrick, C. L., Bull. Den. Univ . Vol. 2, p. 32, PI. 4, Fig. 3, 1887. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


197 


even after due allowance is made for natural variation in shape, the 
differences noted between Meek’s and Herrick’s specimens appear too 
great for individuals of the same species. Typical S. anodontoides has 
the cardinal and basal margins strongly converging anteriorly, with the 
anterior extremity acutely and prominently projecting. In Herrick’s 
form, on the other hand, the cardinal and basal margins are subparallel, 
and the anterior extremity is broadly rounded and less prominent. No 
specimens comparable to typical S. anodontoides have been found even 
in Meek s type locality on Flint Ridge, so that in the absence of ma¬ 
terial for comparison Herrick’s identification is provisionally retained, 
although it is the opinion of the writer that the form here referred to 
S. anodontoides really constitutes a distinct species. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, r; Muskingum County, Locality 43, r. 

Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek 
Pl.X, fig. 7 

1871 Edmondia aspinwallensis. Meek, Prelim. Rept. U. S. Geol. Surv. Wyoming 
p. 299. 

Upper Coal Measures: Aspinwall, Nebraska. 

Description. — Edmondia aspinwallensis is present in the middle 
and upper Pottsville formation. It resembles most closely the form 
here referred to E. ovata, but differs in being shorter in comparison to 
the height with a shorter dorsal margin, and in having a narrower 
posterior extremity, and slightly more elevated beaks. The concentric 
surface markings are likewise finer and more regular and faint traces of 
radial sculpture are sometimes retained. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Localities 43 (r), 45 (c); Licking County, Localities 46 (c), 
Flint Ridge, 47 (c). McArthur limestone: Vinton County, Locality 84,c. 

Edmondia gibbosa (McCoy) 

PI. X, figs. 4, 5 

1844 Astarte gibbosa. McCoy, Syn. Carb. Foss. Ireland, p. 55, PI. VIII, Fig. 11. 
Carboniferous: Ireland. 

1866 Astarte gibbosa. Geinitz, Die Carb. und Dyas in Nebr., p. 16, Tab. 1, Figs. 23, 24. 
Carboniferous: Plattsmouth, Nebraska. 

Description. —A form of Edmondia which is in very close agreement 
with the species from Nebraska figured and described by Geinitz as 
Astarte gibbosa, is rather common in the Lower Mercer and McArthur 
limestones. It is small, subcircular or slightly transversely ovate in 


198 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


outline, and strongly convex; the beaks are situated about one-third 
the length of the shell from the anterior margin. The front is rounded 
with the posterior-inferior portion slightly produced; the posterior ex¬ 
tremity is broadly rounded and slightly truncated above, while the 
anterior extremity is more narrowly rounded. The surface is marked 
by numerous prominent and regularly arranged concentric ridges 
separated by broad deep furrows. There is, however, much variation 
among individuals in the number, regularity, and prominence of the 
surface markings. 

Dimensions. —The measurements of separate right and left valves 
of average size are respectively: height 13 mm., 14 mm., length 17 mm., 
18 mm., convexity 3.5 mm., 4 mm. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Locality 43, c; Licking County: Flint Ridge, Localities 47, 49, 
c. McArthur limestone: Vinton County, Localities 84, 85, c. 


Edmondia meekiana (Herrick)? 

PI. X, fig. 6 

1887 Solenomya ? meekiana. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 30, PI. 4, Fig. 9. 
Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 


Herricks description: “Nearly quadrate, elongate, more than 
twice as long as wide; sides parallel, straight; posterior outline gently 
curved; anterior outline somewhat truncate, not produced; convexity 
somewhat greatest near the beak, but entire valve nearly equally con¬ 
vex, sloping gently and almost equally to the entire margin. Length 
1.05 (inches), width .50.” Surface marked by rather coarse, regular, 
concentric undulations and covered entirely with fine, concentric lines. 

Dimensions. —The measurements of a large specimen are: length 
28 mm., height 16 mm., convexity of single valve 3.5 mm.; a smaller 
individual measures: length 14 mm., height 8.5 mm., convexity of 
single valve 2 mm. 

Remarks. —About six separate valves of this species from the 
Lower Mercer limestone of Flint Ridge and also a few specimens from 
the McArthur limestone are among the collections studied. Our form 
differs from Herrick’s species Solenomya ? meekiana only in its slightly 
less elongate outline, the length being a little less than twice the height. 
Another similar species is referred to by Herrick as Solenomya ? anodontoi - 
des, 1 but this form is less elongate than ours which seems to lie between 
S. ? anodontoides and S. ? meekiana, although it resembles the latter more 
closely. Herrick states that the two species mentioned above are 
practically identical except that the latter is much more elongate. 


derrick, C. L., Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 29, PI. 4, Fig. 11, 1887. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


199 


However, his specimen of S. ? anodontoides differs notably from typical 
S. ? anodontoides of Meek in lacking the anteriorly converging margins 
and the acute, prominently projecting anterior extremity, and prob¬ 
ably represents a different species. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 

County, Locality 43, r; Licking County, Localities 46, Flint Ridge, 
47, 48, r. 

Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen 
PL X, figs. 8, 9 

1873 Edmondia ovata. Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. III., Vol. 5, PI. 26, Fig. 13. 

Coal Measures. 

1874 Edmondia ovata. Meek, Am. Jour. Sci., 3d Ser., Yol. 7, p. 580. 

Description. —Shells resembling both Edmondia ovata and E. sub - 
truncata are common in the Lower Mercer limestone, especially in 
Muskingum and Licking counties, and also in the McArthur member. 
The figured specimen is typical of this group of fossils. From E. ovata f 
to which it seems most closely related, it differs in being slightly less 
elongate with the beak a little more anterior; from E. subtruncata in 
having the posterior outline a little less truncated. However, the dif¬ 
ferences between E. ovata and E. subtruncata are so slight that, as 
intimated by Meek, the two species may be identical. The surface of 
our form is marked by coarse, irregular, concentric wrinkles with the 
entire shell covered with very fine concentric lines. 

Dimensions. —Figure 9 on Plate X measures: length 29 mm., 
height 20 mm., convexity of right valve 5.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer member: Perry County, 
Locality 35, r; Muskingum County, Locality 45, c; Licking County, 
Localities 46, r, Flint Ridge, 47 (c), 49 (r). Upper Mercer member: 
Perry County, Locality 63, r. McArthur member: Vinton County, 
Locality 84, c. 


Edmondia reflexa Meek 

1872 Edmondia reflexa. Meek, U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebraska, p. 213, PI. 10, Figs. 6a, b; 
PI. 4, Fig. 7. 

Upper Coal Measures: Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

Description. —This species of Edmondia is present in the Pottsville 
formation of this State in and above the Lower Mercer limestone, and 
is fairly common in the latter member and in the McArthur limestone. 
The shell is marked by very fine concentric undulations on which faint 
traces of radiating lirae are sometimes visible. 


200 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Dimensions. —A specimen of average size measures: length 15 mm., 
height at beaks 8.5 mm., convexity of right valve 2 mm. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Locality 43, r; Licking County, Locality 47, c. McArthur 
member: Jackson County, Locality 80, c; Vinton County, Locality 84, c. 

Edmondia ? peroblonga Meek and Worthen? 

1865 Edmondia ? peroblonga. Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 249. 

Upper Coal Measures: LaSalle, Illinois. 

1873 Edmondia ? peroblonga. Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 5, p. 583, 

PI. 27, Fig. 4. 

Upper Coal Measures: LaSalle, Illinois. 

Remarks— A form closely related to Edmondia ? peroblonga occurs 
in the Boggs limestone of Muskingum County; it is represented by a 
single specimen somewhat imperfect at the posterior extremity. The 
size is about two-thirds that of the specimen described and figured by 
Meek and Worthen, although the resemblance between the two forms 
is so close, that they represent in all probability the same species. How¬ 
ever, as E. ? peroblonga occurs much higher in the Pennsylvanian system, 
and as the Boggs specimen is imperfect, identification of the Ohio form 
with this species is not at all conclusive. 

Dimensions. —The measurements of the Boggs specimen are: 
length 43 + mm., height 20 mm., convexity of the right valve 5 mm. 

Horizon and locality. — Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, 
Locality 26, r. 


Edmondia sp. 

Remarks. —Specimens belonging to the genus Edmondia occur in 
the Lowellville and Boggs members, but are too crushed and imperfect 
to permit specific identification. 

Horizon and locality. —Lowellville limestone: Muskingum County, 
Locality 19, r. Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, Localities 26, 
27, r. 

Genus Nucula Lamarck 
Nucula beyrichi von Schauroth 

1866 Nucula beyrichi. Geinitz, Die Carb. und Dyas in Nebr., p. 21, Tab. 1, Figs. 36, 37. 
Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

Remarks. —This species of Nucula is rare in rocks of Pottsville age 
jn Ohio and is represented in the collections studied by only a few in- 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


201 


dividuals from the Harrison ore and the Lower Mercer limestone. The 
single specimen obtained from the Harrison ore occurs in the form of 
an internal cast, which, however, is sufficiently well preserved to be 
referred with considerable confidence to N. beyrichi. 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
r. Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Locality 46, r. 

Nucula elongata n. sp. 

PI. X, figs. 10-13 

Description. — Shell small, subtriangular, much produced ante¬ 
riorly, length almost twice the height, greatest width slightly below the 
middle of the shell, gibbous in posterior portion, the greatest convexity 
occurring midway between the beaks and the ventral margin, shell 
flattened anteriorly. Umbonal region prominent, beak small, elevated 
and incurved over the hinge line, directed posteriorly, situated about 
one-fourth the length of the shell from the posterior margin; cardinal 
margin sloping from the beak to the extended anterior extremity; 
posterior extremity regularly rounded forming a continuous curve with 
the rounded ventral margin which anteriorly extends slightly upward; 
anterior extremity produced and pointed. Surface of internal mold 
smooth except for a few faint lines of growth; occasionally indications 
of fine concentric lines. 

Dimensions. —Considerable variation exists in the size of the in¬ 
dividuals as may be seen by the following measurements, the first of 
which is the holotype: 

Maximum length- 11mm. 9 mm. 7 mm. 6 mm. 

Height from beak to opposite margin 6.2 mm. 5.5 mm. 4.5 mm. 3.5 mm. 

Thickness of single valve_ 2 mm. 1.5 mm. 1.2 mm. 1mm. 

Remarks. —This species is common in the Sharon ore at a single 
locality in Scioto County where it occurs in an excellent state of preser¬ 
vation in the form of internal casts. It is closely related to N. parva 
McChesney and to N. beyrichi von Schauroth, but can be easily dis¬ 
tinguished from either species by its much more produced anterior 
end. It is associated with two other species, common in the Sharon 
ore— N. subrotundata Girty mss. and N. lunulata Girty mss. A single, 
somewhat imperfect individual from the Lower Mercer limestone at 
Bald Knob, also in the form of an internal cast, agrees closely with 
the species as it occurs in the Sharon ore, although its otherwise appar¬ 
ent total absence from any horizon above the Sharon tends to throw 
much doubt upon the identification. 

Horizon and locality. —Sharon ore: Scioto county, Locality 2, c. 
Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Locality 46, r. 


i 




202 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Nucula lunulata Girty mss. 

PL X, figs. 37-19 

• * * 

Description.—Another species of Nucula from the Sharon ore is 
the same as Girty’s manuscript form from the Morrow formation of 
Arkansas,* the description of which is quoted below: 

“Shell small and conspicuously triangular in shape. The width 
and height are about equal. The convexity is great and the umbones 
are very prominent. The cardinal and posterior parts of the shell are 
strongly inflected long lines that are straight or slightly concave, and 
that make with one another an angle of considerably less than 90 de¬ 
grees. The inflected parts are so directed that they are concealed when 
the shell is viewed from either side. The inferior outline is gently con¬ 
vex and is directed to the two other sides in such a way that the height 
of the shell is nearly equal to the width and the posterior outline is 
distinctly shorter than the anterior outline. Owing to the high con¬ 
vexity and strong inflection of the margins a broad flattened surface 
is formed on the cardinal and posterior ends. This surface on the 
posterior side is somewhat depressed and set off by angles, thus forming 
a large ‘lunule’ which is very sharply defined. Nothing at all com¬ 
parable to this is developed on the cardinal plane. 

“The surface is marked by very fine, regular, concentric striae. 

“This species resembles seveial that occur in such different strati¬ 
graphic and geologic relations that I would hesitate to regard them as 
the same without conclusive evidence of very close agreement. It is 
similar to the Mississippian N. shumardana, but it is rather less elon¬ 
gated transversely, and it is readily distinguished by its higher con¬ 
vexity and more prominent umbones. N. wewokana, N. levatiformis 
var. obliqua, and N. pulchella are related but distinct species.” 

Remarks.— N. lunulata is common in the Sharon ore at one locality 
in Scioto County where it is associated with N. subrotundata Girty mss. 
and N. elongata n. sp. It occurs only as internal casts. 

Horizon and locality.—Sharon ore: Scioto County, Lick Run, 
Locality 2, c. 


Nucula parva McChesney 

1860 Nucula parva. McChesney, Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 54. 

Coal Measures: Danville, Illinois. 

1865 Nucula parva. McChesney, Ill. New Spec. Foss., PI. II, Figs, 8a-c. 

Remarks.— Nucula parva is of rare occurrence in rocks of Pottsville 
age in Ohio, but has been found to be sparingly present in the Lower 
Mercer limestone of Perry, Muskingum, and Licking counties, and also 
in the McArthur limestone. Several fairly well preserved specimens 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


203 


and a number of less perfect individuals are among the collections 
studied; no essential divergences from the form as it ordinarily occurs 
were noted. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, r; Muskingum County, Localities 43, 45, r; Licking County, 
47, 49, r. McArthur limestone: Vinton County, Locality 84, r. 


Nucula subrotundata Girty mss. 

PI. X, figs. 14-16 

Description. —A species of Nucula from the Sharon ore is identical 
with one described and figured in manuscript by Girty from the Morrow 
formation of Arkansas. Girty’s manuscript description is quoted below: 

“Shell small, subtriangular to subcircular in outline. In shape 
all three sides are gently convex, the anterior side most and the posterior 
side least. In length the inferior side is greatest and the posterior side 
is considerably the shortest. The inferior-posterior angle is rather 
narrowly, the inferior-anterior angle rather broadly, rounded. In a 
genus in which so many of the species are strongly convex the convexity 
of N. subrotundata is generally rather low, though it varies greatly in 
different specimens (partly due to the degree of maturity), and it may 
be rather high. The chief flexures occur near the anterior and posterior 
margins along lines that make with each other an angle rather less than 
a right angle. A projection of the inflected parts beyond these angles 
gives the sides their curved outlines. The oblique anterior outline is 
thus rather regularly curved; the posterior outline may be essentially 
straight. On the posterior side a dunule’ is more or less faintly out¬ 
lined by a sulcus which tends to produce a slight emargination in the 
outline. A few specimens referred under this species have the 4unule > 
rather strongly defined in this way. The beaks are not very prominent. 
They are rather attenuated and are conspicuously turned backward. 

“The shell is, for its size, very thick and massive, and it is marked 
superficially by rather coarse, strong and regular concentric striae.” 

Remarks. —This species of Nucula is very abundant in the Sharon 
and less so in the Harrison ore, but as far as is known it is confined in 
its occurrence in this State to these two horizons. It has, moreover, 
been found only at a single locality in each member, and only in the 
form of internal casts. The Ohio forms differ from those of the Morrow 
formation of Arkansas in being on the average a little more gibbous. 
In the Sharon ore this species of Nucula is associated with N. lunulata 
Girty mss. as in the Morrow formation, and also with N. elongata n. sp. 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
c. Sharon ore: Scioto County, Lick Run, Locality 2, a. 


204 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Genus Nuculopsis Girty 
Nuculopsis ventricosa (Hall) 

PL X, fig. 20 

1858 Nucula ventricosa. Hall, Geol. Iowa, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, p. 716, PI. 29, Figs. 4, 5a, b. 
Coal Measures: Iowa. 

1915 Nuculopsis ventricosa. Girty, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 544, p. 117, PI. XV, 
Figs. 1-8. 

Wewoka formation: Oklahoma. 

Remarks. — Nuculopsis ventricosa occurs in the basal member of the 
Pottsville and ranges throughout the entire formation, although in¬ 
dividuals are by no means common. It is most common in occurrence 
in the Lower Mercer and McArthur members. In the Harrison ore it 
is associated with N. subrotundata Girty mss., and in the Sharon ore 
with N. subrotundata , N. lunulata Girty mss., and N. elongata n. sp. 

Dimensions.— A considerable variation exists in the size of indi¬ 
viduals; a specimen of average size from the Sharon ore measures: 
length 9.2 mm., height 7 mm., thickness of a ,single valve 3.5 mm.; 
from the Lower Mercer limestone: length 11 mm., height 8 mm., thick¬ 
ness of a single valve 2.5 mm: 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
r. Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, r. Lower Mercer limestone: 
Perry County, Locality 35, r; Muskingum County, Localities 36, 43, r; 
Licking County, Locality 48, r. McArthur limestone: Vinton County, 
Locality 84, r. 

Genus Leda Shumacker 
Leda bellistriata Stevens 
PI. X, fig. 27 

1858 Leda bellistriata. Stevens, Am. Jour. Sci., 2nd Ser., Vol. 25, p. 261. 

Coal Measures: Danville, Illinois; Summit, Ohio. 

1915 Leda bellistriata. Girty, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 544, p. 122, PL XIV, Figs. l-9a. 
Wewoka formation: Oklahoma. 

Remarks. — Leda bellistriata appears in the Lowellville limestone 
and continues throughout the middle and upper Pottsville, but it has 
nowhere been found in considerable numbers; it is most common, how¬ 
ever, in the Lower Mercer member on Flint Ridge. Specimens from 
Ohio compare closely with those figured by Girty from the Wewoka 
formation of Oklahoma but are, on the average, smaller. 

Dimensions. —A large specimen from the Lowellville limestone 
measures: length 10.5 mm., height 5.5 mm. An individual of unusually 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


205 


large size for the Pottsville formation of this State, obtained from the 
Lower Mercer member in Baltimore & Ohio Railroad cut at Somer¬ 
set, has the following measurements: length 33.5 mm., height at beaks 
18 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Lowellville limestone: Muskingum County, 
Locality 19, r. Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, Locality 26,^r. 
Widely distributed throughout the Lower Mercer limestone, c 
McArthur limestone: Jackson County, Locality 80, c; Vinton County, 
Locality 84, c. 

Leda inflata Girty mss. 


PL X, figs. 22-24 


Description. —Girty’s manuscript description is quoted below: 
“Shell small, rarely exceeding 8 mm. in width, transversely subovate. 
Basal margin gently convex, slightly sinuate behind, more rapidly 
curving in front. Anterior extremity rather regularly rounded below the 
prominent and backwardly turned beaks. Behind the beaks the out¬ 
line is concave, strongly contracting with the base to form a pointed 
posterior extremity. Beaks slightly anterior to median line. Convexity 
high, declining rapidly behind the beaks where a sort of constriction 
occurs which produces more or less of a sinus in the basal outline and 
gives the posterior extremities a compressed appearance in contrast 
with the subglobose shape of the major part of the shell. Umbonal 
ridge high, forming the posterior-superior outline, the post-umbonal 
slopes being directed almost horizontally, though projecting somewhat 
at their juncture. 

“Surface finely and evenly striated. 

“It cannot be said that we know precisely what form the name 
Leda bellistriata was intended to cover, but from the shells commonly 
passing as that species L. inflata differs in its smaller size, its more rap¬ 
idly tapering shape, and its more inflated anterior portion.” 

Remarks. —A small species of Leda from the Sharon ore of Ohio is 
in all probability the same form as that described above by Girty from 
the Morrow formation of Arkansas. Its association in this State with 
N. subrotundata and N. lunulaia, with which it is also associated in the 
Morrow formation, helps to strengthen this conclusion. L. inflata is 
characterized by its small size, its short depressed posterior end, and 
its inflated anterior end. The Ohio form differs in having a slightly 
less rapidly tapering posterior end, with less contrast between the com¬ 
pressed posterior and the inflated anterior ends. These differences, 
however, may be due to the fact that the Sharon specimens occur as 
internal casts, while the shell is preserved on the Morrow forms. 

Horizon and locality. —Sharon ore: Lick Run, Scioto County, 
Locality 2, c. 


206 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Leda meekana Mark 
Pl. X, figs. 25, 26 

1866 Nucula kazanensis. Geinitz, Die Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 20, Tab. 1, 
Figs. 33, 34. (Non N. kazanensis de Verneuil, 1845.) 

Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

1872 Nucula bellistriata var. attenuata. Meek, U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebraska, p. 206, 
PI. 10, Figs. 11a, b. 

Upper Coal Measures: Nebraska City, Nebraska; Leavenworth, Kansas; 
Iowa; Illinois. 

1913 Leda meekana. Mark, Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 17, p. 307, PL XV, 
Fig. 1. 

Portersville limestone: Muskingum and Perry counties. 

Remarks. —Leda meekana is associated in the middle and upper 
Pottsville formation with L. bellistriata which it resembles in general 
appearance, but differs in being more slender with the posterior portion 
more attenuated. The species is rare. 

Dimensions. —A specimen of average size measures: length 9.5 mm., 
height 4.7 mm., thickness 2 mm. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Localities 38 (r), 43 (c), 45 (c); Licking County, Localities 46, 
48, r. McArthur member: Vinton County, Locality 84, r. 

Leda prolongata n. sp. 

Pl. X ; figs. 28, 29 

Description. —Shell large for specimens of this genus, elongate- 
ovate in outline with the posterior end greatly produced; depressed 
convex, the greatest convexity being in the anterior part below the 
umbones but becoming gradually and regularly less to the posterior 
tip. Beaks prominent and incurved, situated from, one-third to one- 
fourth the length of the valve from the anterior margin; cardinal margin 
posterior to beaks strongly concave; anterior margin rounded and 
curving regularly into the rounded base; posterior portion slender, 
tapering to a sharp point, and greatly extended; umbonal ridge promi¬ 
nent and elevated. Surface of shell marked by very fine, regular, 
rounded concentric lines. 

Dimensions. —The holotype from the Lower Mercer limestone 
measures: length 39 mm., height 16 mm., convexity of right valve 2.5 
mm. (compressed); a single small individual from the Boggs limestone 
measures: length 22.5+ mm., height 9.5 mm., convexity 2.5 mm. 

Remarks. —This species is characterized by its large size, its 
slender form, and its greatly extended posterior portion. It is very 
rare and is represented in the Pottsville collections by only two indi- 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


207 


viduals,—one from the Lower Mercer limestone, and another smaller 
specimen from the Boggs which is imperfect in lacking the posterior 
tip. 1 Considerable doubt exists as to the advisability of creating a new 
species on the basis of the scanty material at hand which is none too 
well preserved. The holotype from the Lower Mercer member is 
evidently compressed and probably not entirely uncovered; both speci¬ 
mens are in the form of internal casts although a small portion of the 
shell is retained on the smaller. The form is more closely related to 
L. arata (Hall) than to any other described species. Comparisons have 
been made with specimens of the latter species from Missouri with 
the result that the Ohio species was found to be much larger, probably 
less convex, more slender, with the posterior portion more extended and 
the beaks less centrally located. The surface markings are also con¬ 
siderably finer. It can be distinguished from L. bellistriata Stevens by 
its much larger size, more slender produced posterior extremity, and 
less centrally placed beaks; from L. meekana Mark by its larger size 
and still more attenuated form. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 26, r. Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, Locality 35, r; 
Muskingum County, Locality 45, r. 

Genus Yoldia Muller 
Yoldia glabra Beede and Rogers? 

1899 Yoldia glabra. Beede and Rogers, Kansas Univ. Quart., Vol. 8, No. 3, p. 133, 
PI. 34, Figs. 4 a, 4 b. 

Coal Measures: Camerons Bluff, near Lawrence, Kansas. 

Description. —A few internal molds as well as several specimens on 
which the external shell is partially preserved which were obtained 
from the McArthur limestone have been somewhat doubtfully referred 
to Yoldia glabra. The size is considerably greater than that of the 
type specimen, but agrees closely both in size and contour with the 
form from the Wewoka formation of Oklahoma, which Girty 
assigned to the same species. 2 The beak of our form, however, is a 
little higher and more prominent than his figures seem to indicate. 
The surface sculpture consists of extremely fine, rounded lirae sep¬ 
arated by interspaces of about the same width. 

Dimensions. —Height 11 mm., width 20 mm., convexity of left 
valve 3.5 mm. 

iSince the above description was completed a third, more perfect specimen from 
the railroad cut at Somerset, Perry County, has come to the attention of the writer. 
The left valve is greatly crushed, while the almost perfect right valve probably 
shows very nearly the original convexity of the species. The escutcheon is broad 
and well marked. The dimensions of the specimen are: Length 37 mm., height 
at beaks 16 mm., thickness of right valve 6 mm. 

2 Girty, G. H, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 544, p. 126, PI. Ill, Figs. 9-15, 1915. 



208 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Horizon and locality. — McArthur limestone: Jackson County, 
Monroe Furnace, Locality 80, r; Vinton County, Moore mine, Locality 
84, r. 


Yoldia stevensoni Meek 


1871 Yoldia stevensoni. Meek, Rep. Regents Univ., W. Va. 

Coal Measures: Monongahela County, West Virginia. 

1875 Yoldia stevensoni. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 335, PI. 19, Figs. 4a, 4b. 

Coal Measures: Monongahela County, West Virginia. 

Remarks. —This little pelecypod is rare in the Pottsville fauna of 
Ohio and has been found only in the Lower Mercer member of Mus¬ 
kingum and Licking counties. Two fairly perfect valves and several 
less well preserved individuals are among the collections studied. The 
form agrees so closely with Meek’s figures and description of Yoldia 
stevensoni that identification with that species is made with confidence. 

Dimensions. —Length 13.5 mm., height at umbones 7.5 mm., con¬ 
vexity of single valve 1 mm. (crushed). 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer member: Muskingum 
County, Localities 43, 45, r; Licking County, Localities 46, 47, 48, r. 

Genus Anthraconeilo Girty 
Anthraconeilo bownockeri n. sp. 

PI. X, fig. 21 

Description. —Shell small to almost median in size, transversely, 
ovate in outline, ratio of height to length about 2:3, maximum height 
about one-third the length of the shell from the posterior margin; mod¬ 
erately convex in umbonal region, becoming compressed anteriorly and 
slightly so at the posterior margin; beak directed posteriorly, promi¬ 
nent, elevated above hinge line and slightly incurved, situated about 
one-third the length of the shell from the posterior margin; anterior- 
dorsal margin long, sloping downward from the beak to the anterior 
extremity which is bluntly pointed and considerably produced; poster¬ 
ior margin broadly rounded; ventral margin rounded, sloping strongly 
upward anteriorly to meet the pointed anterior extremity. Surface of 
internal cast smooth. 

Dimensions. —The measurements of the holotype are: length 18 mm., 
height 11 mm., convexity of left valve 3.5 mm. 

Remarks. —This species of Anthraconeilo is of rare occurrence and 
has been found only in the Sharon ore from which internal casts of 
single Valves of only three individuals have been discovered. It differs 
from A. taffiana Girty principally in its smaller size and more pointed 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


209 


anterior extremity, which in the latter species is blunt and somewhat 
truncated. It is very similar to A. kessleriana (Mather), but may be 
distinguished by its less centrally located beaks and its more produced 
anterior end (the long pointed one), which give to the shell a decidedly 
more transversely-elongate form. 

Horizon and locality.—Sharon ore: Lick Run, Scioto County, 
Locality 2, r. The specific name is given in honor of Dr. J. A. Bow- 
nocker, State Geologist of Ohio. 

Genus Parallelodon Meek 

Four species of Parallelodon are among the collections of Pottsville 
fossils studied,— P. carbonarius, P. obsoletus, P. sangamonensis, and 
P. tenuistriatus , all of which are of common occurrence except P. san¬ 
gamonensis. The genus extends from the Harrison ore at the base 
throughout the entire formation, but occurs most abundantly in the 
Lower Mercer and McArthur members. 

Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox) 

1857 Area carbonaria. Cox, Geol. Surv. Ky., Vol. 3, p. 567, PI 8, Fig. 5. 

Coal Measures: Kentucky. 

1887 Macrodon caibonaria. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 32, PI. 4, Figs. 14, 21. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Description.— Parallelodon carbonarius is particularly common in 
the Lower Mercer limestone although it occurs as low as the Boggs; it 
is also present in the higher members. It is characterized by surface 
sculpture of prominent, regular, radiating plications which become con¬ 
siderably larger and stronger on the flattened posterior portion below 
the hinge line. 

Dimensions.—The dimensions of a specimen of average size from 
the Boggs member are: length 20 mm., height from beak to opposite 
margin 9 mm. 

Horizon and locality.—Boggs member: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 26, c. Widely distributed in the Lower Mercer limestone, c. 
Upper Mercer member: Muskingum County, Locality 68, r. Widely 
distributed in the McArthur member, c. 

Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek) 

PI. XI, figs. 1, 2 

/ 

1871 Macrodon obsoletus. Meek, Rep. Regents Univ., W. Va. 

Lower Coal Measures: Monongahela County, West Virginia. 

1875 Macrodon obsoletus. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 334, PI. 19, Fig. 9. 

Coal Measures: Newark, Ohio. 


210 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Description.—This species of Parallelodon appears in the Lowell- 
ville limestone but is most characteristic and abundant in the Lower 
Mercer. It is distinguished from the other species of Parallelodon 
occurring in this State by the apparent absence of all surface 
markings. The obscure, fine, radiating lines of the posterior-dorsal 
region, referred to by Meek 1 do not appear on the specimens examined. 
The individuals from the Lowellville limestone are all imperfectly pre¬ 
served, so that their identification is not accompanied by a great degree 
of certainty. A specimen of average size from the Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone measures: length 27.5 mm., maximum height 11.5 mm., convexity 
of right valve 5.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality.—Lowellville limestone: Muskingum County, 
Locality 19, r. Widely distributed in the Lower Mercer member, c. 
McArthur member: Jackson County, Locality 80, r; Vinton County, 
Locality 85, c. - 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 

PL XI, figs. 3, 4 

1890 Macrodon sangamonensis. Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 8, p. 123, PI. 21, 
Figs. 3, 3a. 

Coal Measures: Sangamon County, Illinois. 

Description.—This form is rare in the Pottsville formation of 
Ohio, and where present is only about one-half the size of the Illinois 
specimens; an individual of average size measures: length 24 mm., 
height from beak to ventral margin 13 mm. Extending from the beak 
to the posterior margin there are generally six strong, rounded ribs; 
the remainder of the shell is smooth or marked by fine, radiating lines. 
The general contour resembles Worthen’s species so closely the identi¬ 
fication is made with considerable confidence. 

Horizon and locality.—Lowellville limestone: Mahoning County, 
Locality 22, r. Widely distributed in the Lower Mercer limestone of 
Perry, Muskingum, and Licking counties, r. Lower Mercer ore: 
Jackson County, Locality 56, r. Upper Mercer member: Muskingum 
County, Locality 68, r. McArthur member: Jackson County, Locality 
80, r; Vinton County, Locality 84, r. 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) 

PL X, figs. 30, 31 

1866 Area striata. Geinitz, Die Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 20, Tab. 1, Fig. 32. 

(Non Mytilites striatus Schloth., 1817.) 

Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

1867 Macrodon tenuistriata. Meek and Worthen, Proc. Chicago Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, 

p. 17. 

Upper Coal Measures: Springfield, Illinois. 

1 Meek, F. B., Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 334, 1875. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


211 


Description. Parallelodon tenuistriatus is a common fossil through¬ 
out the Pottsville formation of this State, but it occurs in especial 
abundance in the Harrison ore and in the Lower Mercer and McArthur 
members. Forms from the Harrison ore and the McArthur limestone 
are unusually small and diminutive, while in the Lower Mercer and 
other horizons a much larger size is attained as may be seen by the fol¬ 
lowing measurements: 

Lower 

Specimens of average size Harrison Mercer McArthur 

Length- 14.5 mm . 29 mm. 17 mm. 

Height- 6 mm. 13.5 mm. 8 mm. 

Thickness of single valves- 3 mm. 6 mm. 4 mm. 

Horizon and locality.—Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
a. Boggs member: Muskingum County, Locality 27, r. Widely dis¬ 
tributed throughout the Lower Mercer and McArthur members, a. 
Upper Mercer member: Perry County, Locality 62, r; Muskingum 
County, Locality 68, r; Coshocton County, Locality 70, r. Black Flint 
member: Vinton County, Locality 92, r. 


Genus Aviculopinna Meek 
Aviculopinna americana Meek 

1866 Aviculopinna pinnaeformis. Geinitz, Die Carb. und Dyas in Nebr., p. 31, 

Tab. 2, Fig. 13. (Non Solen pinnaeformis Geinitz, 1848.) 

Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

1867 Aviculopinna americana. Meek, Am. Jour. Sci., 2nd Ser., Vol. 44, p. 282. 

1872 Aviculopinna americana. Meek, U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr., p. 197, PI. 9, Figs. 12a-d. 

Upper Coal Measures: Nebraska City, Nebraska; Iowa. 


Description.—Internal casts of Aviculopinna americana are fairly 
common in the Boggs member of Muskingum County, and have also 
been found in the Lower Mercer limestone along Flint Ridge, Licking 
County. Specimens are on the average very similar in size and con¬ 
tour to the one figured by Meek from the Lower Coal Measures of this 
State. 1 However, some of the forms from the Boggs limestone are 
much larger, the largest individual measuring, if restored, about 3.25 
inches (or 82 mm.). As nearly as can be judged from the crushed con¬ 
dition of the shells, the original convexity was great and the valves 
were flattened just below the cardinal margin. The beak is minute and 
not quite terminal, with the anterior margin extending beyond it in a 
small pointed lobe; a well defined marginal ridge marks the straight 

Meek, F. B., Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 337, PI. 20, Fig. 2, 1875. 





212 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


cardinal margin. The surface is smooth except for a few thin, elevated 
lines parallel to the ventral and posterior margins. 

Remarks.—This species is rare in the Pennsylvanian rocks of Ohio, 
and there is no record of its occurrence at any horizon as commonly 
as in the Boggs member. The type specimen was obtained from the 
upper Coal Measures of Nebraska, at which horizon it also occurs in 
Iowa and Missouri. Meek, however, described and figured the same 
species from the lower Coal Measures of Ohio, but he does not state the 
exact horizon or locality from which the figured specimen came. Her¬ 
rick also figures a specimen from Flint Ridge (Lower Mercer member) 
which he provisionally refers to the same species. 1 

Horizon and locality.—Boggs member: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 26, c. Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, Locality 35, r; 
Licking County, Locality 48, r. 

Genus Pteria Scopoli 
Pteria ohioense (Herrick) 

1887 Gervillia ? ohioensis. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 36, PI. 4, Fig. 3; 

PI. 3, Fig. 12. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

1887 Avicula ( Gervillia ) ohioensis. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 145, PI. 14, 

Fig. 22. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Herrick’s description.—“The upper outline is nearly straight; beak 
distant nearly one-third the length from the anterior margin; posterior 
wing greatly produced, posterior margin deeply sinuous; posterior, pro¬ 
duced part of shell keeled; anterior wing acute, its margin very oblique 
and slightly curved to its junction with the lower margin, with which 
it forms a continuous symmetrical curve. Hinge line, .65 (inches); 
height .45, greatest length .85. The surface is marked by rather obvi¬ 
ous concentric lines. The postero-inferior projection is greater than 
that of the hinge line. From A. longa, which it most resembles, it 
differs in being not only larger, but less produced posteriorly, the post¬ 
erior sinus is much less and the anterior part of the shell does not appear 
to have the oblique sulcus described for that species.” 

Remarks.—This species is of relatively wide distribution in the 
Lower' Mercer and McArthur limestones; although the number of in- ' 
dividuals obtained from any one locality is small; the specimens studied 
are all imperfect in one way or another, probably due to the thin, fragile 
character of the shell. No important differences were noted between 
our form and Herrick’s species. 

A few specimens from the Black Flint member have likewise been 


tHerrick, C. L., Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2. p. 38, PI. 1, Fig. 20, 1887. 





DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


213 


referred to the same species with some doubt. The individuals are con¬ 
siderably distorted and apparently resemble P. longa more closely than 
Herrick s species. The posterior outline below the hinge line is more 
sinuous and the posterior portion of the body more produced than in 
P. ohioense, yet on a stratigraphic basis identification with the latter 
species is much more plausible than with P. longa. The imperfect 
condition of the material renders any specific identification uncertain. 

Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Scioto County, 
Locality 31, r; Perry County, Locality 35, r; Muskingum County, 
Localities 43 (c), 45 (r); Licking County, Localities 46 (r), Flint Ridge, 
47 (c), 48 (r). McArthur limestone: Jackson County, Locality 80, c. 
Black Flint: Jackson County, Locality 87, r; Vinton County, Locality 
91, r. 

Genus Pseudomonotis Beyrich 
Pseudomonotis sp. 

Description.—Fossils belonging to the genus Pseudomonotis occur 
in the Lower Mercer limestone but are too poorly preserved to be de¬ 
termined specifically. They are small in size and although the com¬ 
plete outline cannot be observed, they show a surface sculpture of 
flexuous costae with vaulted scale-like projections which alternate with 
smaller costae; still smaller radiating lines cover the interspaces. Her¬ 
rick cites as cf. Pseudomonotis radialis an apparently closely related 
form from the Lower Mercer limestone on Flint Ridge which resembles 
the form under discussion in surface sculpture although exact com¬ 
parisons of the contour are impossible. 1 

Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, r; Muskingum County, Locality 43, r. 

Genus Posidonia Bronn 
Posidonia ? acosta (Cox) ? 

1857 Avicula acosta. Cox, Geol. Rep. Ky., Vol. 3, p. 572, PI. 9, Fig. 3. 

Coal Measures: Union County, Kentucky; Gallatin County, Illinois. 

Description.—A single valve of a small pelecypod with the outline 
of Placunopsis recticardinalis was obtained from the Lower Mercer 
limestone of Coshocton County. However, all traces of the radial 
sculpture, characteristic of the genus Placunopsis , as well as the usual 
superimposed markings, are entirely wanting. But the absence of the 
peculiar superimposed markings, is perhaps of little importance on a 
single sp ecimen as the shell may have been attached to a smooth or 
derrick, C. L., Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 145, PI. 14, Fig. 26, 1887. 



214 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


unornamented object. The surface of the valve in question is marked 
by fine concentric lines and by very faint concentric wrinkles. In view 
of the surface sculpture, the most plausible specific reference seems to 
be Cox’s Avicula acosta, although our form has the hinge line slightly 
less produced and the lateral margins just below less concave. If the 
species is the same as that described as A. acosta , the valve must be 
the opposite (right ?) to Cox’s figured specimen, which therefore is 
apparently equivalve and lacks a byssal sinus in either valve. If it is 
not the same as A. acosta , the presence of a byssal notch on the opposite 
valve of either specimen cannot be determined. 

Assuming a specific identity with A. acosta, our form seems gen- 
erically most closely allied with Posidonia , although it might almost as 
well be placed with Plagiostoma which also lacks a byssal notch in 
either valve, especially as the concentric wrinkles are very faint and 
poorly expressed,—markings of generic importance in the genus Posi - * 
donia. Two other specimens of the same valve and probably repre¬ 
senting the same form, one also from the Lower Mercer and the other 
from the Black Flint member, resemble Cox’s species more closely in 
outline, but have a surface sculpture similar to the previously de^- 
scribed individual. 

Dimensions.—Height 10 mm., length of hinge line 9 mm., maxi¬ 
mum width below hinge line 10.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Localities 43, 44, r. Black Flint: Vinton County, Locality 91, r. 


Posidonia girtyi n. sp. 

PI. XII, figs. 1-4 

Description.—Shell large, ovate, compressed, slightly oblique; 
beaks prominent, almost anterior, slightly elevated above and incurved 
over the hinge line; greatest convexity in umbonal region, posterior and 
ventral portions flattened; hinge line straight, about three-fifths the 
length of the shell below; anterior margin almost straight or slightly 
convex, with small anterior auricle; ventral and posterior margins con¬ 
tinuously rounded, with the latter truncated above and forming an 
angle of about 70 degrees with the hinge line; posterior auricle large, 
flattened. Surface marked by numerous strong, regular, concentric 
folds, separated by broad, rounded furrows. Shell very thin and fragile. 

Dimensions.—The dimensions of two cotypes are: 


1 2 

Length- 40 mm.? 32 mm. 

Height- 45 mm. 38 mm.? 

Length of hinge line- 20 mm.? 18 mm. 

Convexity- 3.5 mm. 3 mm. 







DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


215 


Remarks.—This species of Posidonia has been found at only two 
localities, one in Vinton and the other in Muskingum County, and 
although it is fairly abundant, no entirely perfect specimens have been 
obtained, probably on account of the thin, fragile character of the shell. 
The small, depressed anterior auricle is very seldom preserved. The 
species is characterized by its almost erect form, by its small anterior 
ear, and by its strong, regular concentric wrinkles. On large mature 
specimens these wrinkles are coarser and more irregular in arrangement 
in the umbonal region, becoming finer and more regular in the basal 
half toward the posterior margin of the shell; young, immature shells, 
on the other hand, exhibit only the coarser concentric wrinkles of the 
umbonal region of mature specimens. On a few of the larger forms 
very faint indications of coarse, radiating plications were noted in the 
furrows between the folds. There is no American species of Posidonia 
with which our form can be compared except P. ( Posidonomya ) per- 
tenuis Beede; although very similar to the latter in contour, the Ohio 
species can be distinguished by its stronger, more numerous and more 
regular concentric wrinkles, and possibly by its smaller anterior auricle. 
It seems probable that the short auricle of P. pertenuis as well as that 
of the species under discussion is anterior, while the longer is posterior. 1 

In determining the generic position of this form three genera 
deserve serious consideration: Posidonia ( = Posidonomya), Posidoniella, 
and Caneyella , all of which are characterized surficially by coarse con¬ 
centric folds. Posidonia, rather than Posidoniella, seems correct on 
account of the presence of the small anterior auricle which is present 
on the former, but which is absent on the latter species; likewise, the 
beaks are anterior but not terminal as is generally the case in Posi¬ 
doniella. It differs from Posidonomya beecheri Bronn, the type of the 
genus, principally in its more erect form and smaller anterior auricle. 
The form under discussion also seems very close to Caneyella, which 
may show an anterior auricle, and it strongly resembles C. vaughani 
Girty in its generic relationships. However, as the Ohio specimens 
are too poorly preserved to determine with any degree of certainty the 
presence of the large conspicuous byssal aperture between the valves 
which characterizes the genus Caneyella, it is deemed advisable to place 
our form under the genus Posidonia rather than under Caneyella. 

Horizon and locality.—Black shale on Lowellville horizon ?: 
ravine near Holbein, Muskingum County, Locality 20, c. Black 
Shale on Lower Mercer horizon: Rock Hollow, Elk Township, Vinton 
County, Locality 34, a. Named in honor of the distinguished paleon¬ 
tologist of the United States Geological Survey, Dr. George H. Girty. 

J Beede, J. W., Geol. Surv. Kansas, Vol. VI, p. 136, PI. XIX, Fig. 5, 1900. 

Dr. Beede orients his species so that the longer auricle is anterior in position. 



216 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Posidonia vintonensis n. sp. 

PI. XII, figs. 5, 6 

Description.—Shell small, obliquely semicircular to semiovate, 
moderately convex in umbonal region and along umbonal slope, but 
depressed along basal and posterior margins and also on large posterior 
auricle; axis of shell forming an angle of about 45 degrees with the 
hinge line; beak small and inconspicuous, scarcely elevated above the 
hinge line, located about one-fourth the length of the shell from the 
anterior extremity. Hinge line straight, long; basal and posterior 
margins forming a continuous curve, the latter meeting the hinge line 
at an obtuse, rounded angle; anterior margin oblique, almost straight, 
with small but conspicuous anterior auricle. Surface marked by 
rather coarse, sharply defined,, concentric wrinkles which become obso¬ 
lete or nearly so on the large, flattened posterior auricle. Shell ex¬ 
tremely thin and fragile. 

Dimensions.—The dimensions of two cotypes, the first of average 
size and the second of unusually large size, are: 


1 2 

Length at hinge line_ 9 mm. 15 mm. 

Maximum height perpendicular to hinge line_ 7 mm. 12 mm. 

Length along oblique axis_ 9 mm. 14 mm. 


Remarks.—This small species occurs abundantly in the black shales 
on the Lower Mercer horizon in Rock Hollow, one and one-half miles 
south of McArthur, Vinton County. It is here associated with the 
large species of Posidonia , described in the present report as P. girtyi, 
although no specimens were discovered in association with the latter 
species in the ravine near Holbein, Muskingum County. The known 
occurrence is confined to the single locality in Vinton County. The 
species is characterized by its small size, very oblique form, small al¬ 
though prominent anterior auricle, and strong concentric undulations. 
The extremely fragile, depressed posterior auricle and posterior margin 
are very seldom found in a perfect state of preservation. 

Generically this form has been placed with Posidonia rather than 
with Posidoniella on account of its less anterior beak and its conspicu¬ 
ous anterior auricle. Pteria is another closely related genus, which, 
however, lacks the strongly wrinkled concentric surface sculpture of 
Posidonia. Although our form is also similar to Naiadites, its surface 
markings and its association with marine fauna serve to separate it 
from that genus. 

Horizon and locality.—Black shale on Lower Mercer horizon: 
Rock Hollow, Elk Township, Vinton County, Locality 34, a. 





DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


217 


Posidonia sp.^ 

Description. Shell of median size, subcircular or a little ovate 
in outline, slightly oblique, ratio of height to length about 13:12; 
slightly convex in umbonal region, becoming flattened toward the mar¬ 
gins; beaks almost centrally located, very small and inconspicuous, 
depressed below hinge line;"dorsal margin straight, about one-half as 
long as the maximum diameter of the shell below, extremities rounded; 
anterior and posterior margins broadly rounded and very slightly 
flattened at the middle of the shell, forming a continuous curve with 
the ventral margin which is more narrowly rounded; anterior and 
posterior auricles about equal in size. Surface marked by broad, ill- 
defined, concentric wrinkles and by fine concentric lirae which cover 
the entire shell. Shell, where preserved, thick. 

Dimensions.—Height normal to dorsal margin 26 =*= mm., length' 
normal to height 24 mm., convexity of single valve 1.5 mm. 

Remarks.—This rare form has been found only in the Lower Mercer 
member of Muskingum and Licking counties, and is represented in the 
collections studied by about six specimens, all more or less imperfect. 
It seems identical with the species identified and figured by Miss Clara 
G. Mark as Placunopsis carbonaria from the Lower Mercer limestone 
in the Flint Ridge region; however, none of the specimens at hand 
show the concentric wrinkles as strongly marked as the figured specimen, 
Fig. 9, PI. X, Bull. Den. Unlv., Vol. XVI, 1911. Posidonia seems a 
closer generic reference than the group of forms placed by Meek and 
Wort hen under Placunopsis. Concentric undulations of the surface 
are of generic significance in Posidonia but do not ordinarily belong to 
the other genus. Likewise, the total absence of radiating striae, even 
though they are more or less evanescent, and of less importance the 
lack of accessory superimposed markings, due to attachment to foreign 
objects, which are characteristic of Placunopsis, but do not belong to 
Posidonia, point to identification with the latter genus. The form 
seems unlike any Pennsylvanian Posidonia in its specific relationships, 
and probably represents an undescribed species. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Localities 28, 39, r; Licking County, Localities 47, 48, r. 

Genus Myalina DeKoninck 
Myalina pernaformis Cox 


PI. XI, figs. 7-9 


1857 Myalina 'pernaformis. Cox, Geol. Rept. Ky., Vol. 3, p. 569, PI. 8, Fig. 8. 
Coal Measures: Providence, Hopkins County, Kentucky. 


218 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA. OF OHIO 


Description.—This form is not rare in Pottsville rocks of Ohio, 
but is particularly common and characteristic of the Boggs and Black 
Flint members. In size it varies within wide limits from very large 
specimens to immature ones which are about one-half the size of that 
figured by Cox. The following measurements of individuals selected 
from the Boggs and Black Fint members will illustrate this variation 
in size: 


Black 

Length of greatest diameter, Boggs Flint 

from beak to posterior-infer- ,-*-■> 

ior margin_ 22 mm. 48 mm. 60 mm. 69 mm. 

Width, normal to umbonal ridge 10 mm. 21 mm. 30.5 mm. 35.5 mm. 

Length of hinge line_ 12 mm. 21 mm. 28+ mm. 44 mm. 

Convexity of left valve_ 3 mm. 6 mm. 10 mm. crushed 


Anterior margin straight, forming an angle of 60 to 65 degrees with 
the hinge line, subparallel to posterior margin; posterior margin slightly 
convex in outline, rounding broadly into the front below the middle of 
the shell. Sometimes the posterior end of the hinge line is somewhat 
produced with the posterior-lateral margin directly below slightly con¬ 
stricted, so that the posterior-superior angle forms a small wing-like 
extension; sometimes the posterior margin meets the hinge line at 
right angles, while more commonly the hinge line is short and the 
posterior-superior angle is truncated and slightly rounded. The sur¬ 
face is marked by strong, regular, concentric lines of growth. 

Remarks.—The form resembles that of M. kansasensis Shumard, 
but lacks the fluted lamellae of that species. It differs from M. re- 
curvirostris Meek and Worthen in its more oblique form and in lacking 
the prominent, strongly recurved beak which characterizes that species. 

Horizon and locality.—Boggs member: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
calities 26, 27, 28, c. Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, Locality 
35, r; Muskingum County, Locality 45, c; Licking County, Locality 46, c. 
Upper Mercer member: Muskingum County, Localities 28, 68, r. 
McArthur limestone: widely distributed, c. Black Flint: Vinton 
County, Localities 91, 92, r. 

Myalina pernaformis Cox var. 

PI. XI, figs. 5, 6 

Description.—Two small specimens of Myalina from the Harrison 
ore of Jackson County have been classed as a variety of Myalina perna - • 
formis. The axis is somewhat more oblique and the size much less 
than that of mature specimens of M. pernaformis from the higher 
Pottsville horizons. The angle between the cardinal and anterior 
margins measures about 52 degrees. It can be compared to M. cunei- 







DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


219 


formis Gurley, but that form is still more oblique and more triangular 
in outline. 

Dimensions. —Length of greatest diameter from beak to posterior- 
inferior margin 31 mm., width normal to umbonal ridge 16 mm., thick¬ 
ness of left valve 7 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, r. 

Myalina recurvirostris var. sinuosa n. var. 

PI. Xr, figs. 10-12 

Description. —A variety of Myalina recurvirostris is of common 
occurrence in the Lower Mercer limestone from a single locality in 
Coshocton County. It possesses the strongly recurved beak of Meek and 
Worthen’s species but differs in having a much longer hinge line which 
forms the widest portion of the shell and produces a prominent wing¬ 
like extension in the posterior-dorsal part of the shell. Below the 
hinge line the strong, concentric, rather regular laminae which cover 
the surface are curved abruptly, following the contour of the posterior 
wing. Just below the hinge line the posterior margin becomes sinuous, 
and a broad, shallow, faintly defined depression extends from the beak 
to this portion of the shell. Meek and Worthen describe the posterior 
part of M. recurvirostris thus, : “Posterior side compressed; its margin 
a little convex in outline, ranging nearly at right angles to the hinge 

above. m It differs from the variety at hand in its shorter 

hinge line and in its rounded posterior-dorsal angle. 

Dimensions. —The average size of the individuals is approximately 
the same as that of typical M. recurvirostris. An extremely large in¬ 
dividual measures: length normal to hinge line 62 =±= mm., width normal 
to length 47 mm., length of hinge line 61 ± mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Holmes County, 
Millersburg, Locality 51, c. 

Myalina swallovi McChesney 


PI. XI, fig. 13 


1860 Myalina swallovi. McChesney, Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 57. 

Coal Measures: Charbonier and 12 miles northwest of Richmond, Missouri. 
1865 Myalina swallovi. McChesney, Ill. New Spec. Foss., PI. 2, Fig. 6a-d. 

Remarks. —This well known fossil with its wide stratigraphic and 
geographic range is a rather common member of the middle and upper 
Pottsville fauna of Ohio. It is generally well preserved and differs in 
no way from the species as it ordinarily occurs. 


! Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 2, p. 344, PI. 26, Figs. 9a-c, 1866. 




220 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Dimensions.—A specimen of average size from the Lower Mercer 
limestone measures: maximum length parallel to hinge line 16 mm., 
length of hinge line 12 mm., height perpendicular to hinge line, near 
posterior end 12 mm., height at beak 5 mm., length of umbonal ridge 
19 mm. 

Horizon and locality.—Of general distribution throughout the 
Lower Mercer, McArthur, and Black Flint members, c. 

Genus Naiadites Dawson 
Naiadites elongata Dawson 
Pl. XII, figs. 7-9 


1860 Naiadites elongata. Dawson, Supp. Acad. Geol., p. 43. 

Coal Measures: Nova Scotia. 

1868 Naiadites elongata. Dawson, Acad. Geol., p. 204, Fig. 43. 

Middle Coal Measures: Joggins and Sidney, Nova Scotia. 


Description.—This fresh or brackish water pelecypod is character¬ 
ized by its elongate, oblique form, its small inconspicuous beak, its 
short hinge line, and its fine, regular, concentric surface markings. Its 
great variability of form is conspicuous, and it is possible that more 
than one species may here be included under the name N. elongata. 
However, it is generally found greatly crushed and distorted by pressure 
so that a considerable variation in form is to be expected. It occurs 
abundantly in the lower horizons of the Pottsville formation, especially 
in the fissile shale and black band ore on the Bear Run coal horizon in 
which it is the only fossil found with the exception of plants and fish 
scales. A form of Naiadites which has been provisionally referred to 
the same species, occurs very sparingly in the shales associated with 
the Quakertown or No. 2 coal. The Quakertown specimens differ 
considerably in contour from those of the Bear Run horizon, but again 
a possible explanation for these differences is distortion due to pressure. 
Forms similar to those of the Bear Run member have also been found 
abundantly on the Sharon horizon,—in the black shales overlying the 
coal and in the ore,—and also at one locality in the Boggs member. 

Dimensions.—Average sized individuals from the various horizons 
in which they occur have the following measurements: 


Sharon Quakertown Bear Run Boggs 

Length_ 15 mm., 9 mm. 15.5 mm. 16.2 mm. 18.5 mm. 

Height_ 8.5 mm., 5.5 mm. 9.5 mm. 9.7 mm. 9.5 mm. 

Thickness___ __3.8 mm. - - - 


Remarks.—Members of this genus, as they are found in Ohio, oc¬ 
cur either wholly by themselves, or associated with plant remains and 




DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


221 


fish plates. However, a few poorly preserved specimens of a large 
obscure species of Naiadites were found with large numbers of Lingula 
carbonaria on the Anthony coal horizon. Often N. elongata is so abun¬ 
dant that freshly broken surfaces of shale present a mass of crushed 
and macerated individuals. 

Horizon and locality.—Sharon horizon: Scioto County, Harry Odle 
mine, Locality 4, r; John Alexander mine, Locality 3, c. Quakertown 
or No. 2 coal horizon: Muskingum County, Grace mine, Twin-Ada 
mine, and Wilson mine, Localities 11, 10, 9, r. Bear Run horizon: 
abundant in Scioto, Jackson, and Vinton counties in all localities from 
which collections were made, Localities 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, aa. 
Boggs member: Scioto County, Bloom Township, Locality 23, a. 

Naiadites ohioense n. sp. 

PL XII, figs. 10-13 

Description.—Shell small, obliquely elongate, gibbous, the greatest 
thickness being a little anterior to the middle, right valve a little more 
compressed than the left, shell gaping along ventral and posterior 
margins; hinge line almost or entirely as long as the greatest length of 
the shell; beaks minute, anterior but not quite terminal, incurved, 
slightly elevated above the hinge line; anterior lobe small, prominent, 
gibbous, projecting a little beyond the beak, rounding into the ventral 
or inferior margin; ventral margin concave or sinuous in middle, bluntly 
rounded posteriorly; posterior portion forming the greatest height of 
the shell, margin straight or very slightly rounded, meeting the hinge 
line at an angle which is either a little greater than or equal to a right 
angle; a prominent, gibbous umbonal ridge extending obliquely back¬ 
ward from the beak to the posterior-inferior angle, broadening poster¬ 
iorly, but preserving its distinctive character throughout its extent; a 
deep, oblique sinus anterior to the ridge, separating the anterior lobe 
from the remainder of the shell; region below hinge line depressed. 
Surface marked by fine, regular, concentric lines of growth. 

Dimensions.—A cotype measures: Maximum length 12 mm., 
maximum height near posterior margin 8 mm., length of hinge line 
9.5 mm., convexity 6.5 mm. 

Remarks.—This species of Naiadites has been found at one locality 
in Scioto County where it is not only extremely abundant, but speci¬ 
mens are often in a remarkable state of preservation,—a condition very 
unusual for representatives of this genus; the general occurrence of 
Naiadites in Pottsville rocks of Ohio is crushed, distorted, or macerated. 
The species under discussion occurs in nodules of iron ore and is asso¬ 
ciated with N. elongata, but no other fossils are present. N. elongata 
differs in having a shorter hinge line which is equal to less than one- 


222 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


half the length of the shell; also in its rounded posterior margins and 
its less prominent umbonal ridge. N. ohioense, however, is very vari¬ 
able and differences exist in the size and prominences of the anterior 
lobe, the length of the hinge line, and the outline of the posterior por¬ 
tion. Whether these points of difference are due to slight distortion 
or natural variation among individuals, or whether more than one 
species is really present, is a matter of question. But on account of 
the variable nature of the genus itself, such differences are to be ex¬ 
pected and are therefore particularly difficult to evaluate. After a 
careful study of the material at hand, it seems best to the writer to 
group under one species these forms with the long hinge line, as no 
tangible basis for further subdivision is evident. 1 - 

Horizon and locality. —Sharon ore: Scioto County, occurs in 
nodules of iron ore in the John Alexander mine, Locality 3, aa. 

Naiadites sp. 

Remarks. —Several crushed, poorly preserved specimens of a very 
large species of Naiadites were found associated with large numbers of 
Lingula carbonaria in the black shales of the Anthony coal horizon. 
They are, however, too poor for identification. 

Horizon and locality. —Anthony coal horizon: Scioto County, Wm. 
E. Dee mine, Locality 7, r. 

Genus Schizodus King 
Schizodus amplus Meek and Worthen 
Pl. XIT, fig. 18 

1870 Schizodus amplus. Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 41. 

Coal Measures: Seville, Fulton County, Illinois. 

1873 Schizodus amplus. Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 5., p. 579, PI. 27, 

Fig. 6. 

Coal Measures: Seville, Fulton County, Illinois. 

x Since the above discussion was completed there has come to the attention of 
the writer figures and a description of a species of Naiadites , designated by Price as 
N. carbonaria Dawson, from the Pottsville series of West Virginia. (See W. Va. 
Geol. Surv., Webster Co. Kept., p. 602, PI. XXXV, Figs. 1, 2.) Price states that 
these fossils may represent immature forms of either N. elongata or V. carbonaria. 
The writer is unable to find any essential differences between the Ohio and West 
Virginia species, unless perhaps N. ohioense has a greater posterior extension as well 
as a typically longer hinge line which equals the greatest diameter of the shell; 
but these character's are very variable. The umbonal ridge and the sinus below are 
more prominent on our specimens than the figures of the West Virginia form 
seem to indicate, which may, however, be accounted for by the fact that the former 
is unusual in being practically unaffected by pressure. Considering, then, the variable 
character of the group it does not seem at all improbable that the Ohio and West 
Virginia forms may belong to the same species. However, our form differs from typ¬ 
ical N. carbonaria, as described and figured by Dawson, in the smaller size of mature 
individuals and in the longer hinge line, and seems to constitute a distinct species. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


223 


Description. An excellent cast of the left valve of Schizodus amplus 
is among the collections of Boggs fossils at hand. The species is char¬ 
acterized by its large size, quadrangular form, anteriorly placed beak, 
and long, straight cardinal margin posterior to the beak. In the speci¬ 
men studied the pallial line, the large oval adductor scar, and the anter¬ 
ior pedal muscular impression are distinctly marked. 

Dimensions. —The figured specimen from the Boggs limestone 
measures: length about 70+ mm., height 56.5 mm., thickness of left 
valve 14 mm. (somewhat crushed). 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, near 
Hopewell P. 0., Locality 26, r. 

Schizodus affinis Herrick 
PI. XII, fig. 17 

1887 Schizodus affinis. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 41, PI. 4, Figs. 22, 22a. 

Coal"Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Remarks. —Schizodus affinis is a common fossil of wide strati¬ 
graphic range in the Pottsville rocks of this State; it is found from the 
Harrison ore at the base to the McArthur member near the top. The 
species exhibits considerable variation in size; an individual of average 
size from the Harrison ore measures: length 17.5 mm., height 14.2 mm., 
thickness of left valve 4.8 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
r. Boggs member: Muskingum County, Localities 26, 28, c. Lower 
Mercer member: Muskingum County, Localities 43, 45, r; Licking 
County, Localities 46, 47, r. McArthur member: Jackson County, 
Locality 80, c; Vinton County, Localities 84, 85, c. 

Schizodus cuneatus Meek 
PI. XIII, figs. 1, 2 

1875 Schizodus cuneatus. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 336, PI. 20, Fig. 7. 

Lower Coal Measures: Putnam Hill and Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Description. —Although this large species of Schizodus has been 
found only in the Lower Mercer member where it is of rather rare 
occurrence, nevertheless some excellently preserved specimens have 
been obtained. It is easily distinguished by its large size, its high 
pointed beaks, its short anterior end, and its extremely produced post¬ 
erior-inferior angle. 

Dimensions. —The largest specimen found measures: length 50 mm., 
height at beaks 41 mm., convexity of right valve 14 mm. 


224 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, 
Bald Knob, Locality 46, r; Flint Ridge, Locality 47, r. 

Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen 

1866 Schizodus curtus. Meek and Worthen, Proc. Chicago Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 18. 
1887 Schizodus curtus. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, pp. 42, 145, PI. 14, F;g. 20. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Remarks .—Schizodus curtus appears in the Boggs member, and 
although relatively rare, it continues throughout the middle and upper 
Pottsville formation. It is most common in the Lower Mercer and 
McArthur limestones, but even in the latter members the number of 
individuals found at any one locality is small. 

Horizon and locality.—Boggs member: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
calities 26, 27, r. Lower Mercer member: Muskingum County, Locali¬ 
ties 39, 43, r; Licking County, Flint Ridge, Localities 47, 48, 49, r. 
McArthur member: Jackson County, Locality 80, r; Vinton County, 
Localities 82, 84, r. 

Schizodus mooresi Miller ? 

1889 Schizodus mooresi. Miller, N. Am. Geol. and Pal., p. 511, Figs. 918, 919. 

Coal Measures: Carbon Hill, Hocking County, Ohio. 

Description.—Specimens of a very large, thick shelled Schizodus 
were obtained from the Lower Mercer and McArthur limestones, well 
preserved except in the posterior portions, which are in every case 
wanting or so badly crushed that no clue to the outline and to the 
degree of extension in that portion of the valve can be obtained. As 
these characters are of primary importance in separating the different 
species of Schizodus, any identification of these forms with described 
species must necessarily be extremely uncertain. They can, however, 
be best compared with S. spellmani Herrick and with S. mooresi Miller, 
the species in the latter case having been based upon imperfect specimens 
in which the posterior end is unknown; the McArthur forms may be 
referred equally as well to one species as to the other. The first men¬ 
tioned form was described from the Lower Mercer horizon at Flint 
Ridge, while Miller’s species came from a horizon a little above or 
possibly the same as the McArthur and from a relatively near-by lo¬ 
cality. Comparisons with specimens from Carbon Hill, which are 
probably identical with Miller’s S. mooresi , have been made, and very 
little difference could be noted. S. mooresi seems the closer specific 
reference for the Lower Mercer individuals also, although identifi¬ 
cation with this species is necessarily doubtful as the character of the 
posterior end is unknown. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


225 


Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer member: Perry County, 
Locality 35, r; Muskingum County, Locality 40, r. McArthur member: 
Vinton County, Localities 84, 85, r. 


Schizodus subcircularis Herrick 
PI. XII, figs. 14-16 

1887 Schizodus subcircularis. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 41, PI. 4, Fig. 24; 
p. 145, PI. 14, Fig. 18. 

Coal Measures: . Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Description. —A single, well preserved individual of Schizodus from 
the Harrison ore has been referred to this species, the form of which is 
slightly more elongate than Herrick’s figured specimens indicate. How¬ 
ever, allowances must be made for the variable character of the Schi¬ 
zodus group and for some distortion resulting from compression. The 
collections studied contain excellent examples from the McArthur 
member which retain the almost circular form which characterizes the 
species. The beaks in these specimens are almost median in position. 

Dimensions. —A specimen of average size measures: length 14.5 
mm., height 14 mm., convexity of left valve 4.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
r. McArthur member: Jackson County, Locality 80, c; Vinton County, 
Locality 84, c. 


Schizodus wheeleri Swallow 


1858 Schizodus obscurus. Swallow, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 193. 

(Non Axinus obscurus Sowerby, 1823.) 

Lower Permian, Kansas. 

1872 Schizodus wheeleri. Meek, U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebraska, p. 209, PI. 10, Figs. la-f. 

Upper Coal Measures: Missouri, Nebraska, Iowa. 

Remarks. —Schizodus wheeleri , with its wide geographic distribu¬ 
tion throughout the Pennsylvanian and Lower Permian systems of 
this country, is present in the middle and upper Pottsville formation 
of Ohio, above and including the Boggs member. Specimens are 
often in a good state of preservation and many of them retain, par¬ 
tially at least, the fine, regular, concentric surface sculpture of the 
species. The form is of fairly common occurrence. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs member: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 26 c. Widely distributed in the Lower Mercer, Upper Mercer, 
McArthur, and Black Flint members, c. 


8—G. B. 25. 


226 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Genus Aviculopecten McCoy 
Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen 

1860 Aviculopecten coxanus. Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 453. 

Coal Measures: Adams County, Illinois. 

Description. —Aviculopecten coxanus is common throughout the 
Pottsville formation of Ohio, but occurs abundantly in the Lower 
Mercer limestone. The radiating ribs, which alternate in size, are on 
the whole finer with wider interspaces than indicated on Herrick’s 
figured specimen from the Lower Mercer limestone of Flint Ridge. 1 The 
form is slightly oblique with large ears which are also marked by radiat¬ 
ing ribs. The entire surface is covered with fine, closely arranged, 
concentric lines. 

Dimensions.—A large specimen from the Sharon ore measures: 
length 13.5 mm., length of hinge line 10 mm., maximum width below 
hinge line 13 mm. 

Horizon and locality.—Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
r. Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, c. Lowellville limestone: 
Muskingum County, v Locality 19, c. Boggs member: Muskingum 
County, Locality 27, c. Widely distributed throughout the Lower 
Mercer member, a. Upper Mercer member: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 68, r. Widely distributed throughout the McArthur member, c. 
Black Flint member: Jackson County, Locality 87, c; Vinton County, 
Localities 91, 92, r. 


Aviculopecten herzeri Meek 
PI. XIII, figs. 3, 4 

1871 Aviculopecten (Streblopteria ?) herzeri. Meek, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 61. 
Lower Coal Measures: Newark, Ohio. 

1875 Aviculopecten (Streblopteria ?) herzeri. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 330, PI. 19, 
Figs. 13 a-c. 

Lower Coal Measures: Newark, Ohio. 

Description. —Aviculopecten herzeri is one of the most common and 
characteristic pelecypods in the collections of middle and upper Potts¬ 
ville fossils. It occurs most abundantly in the Lower Mercer and 
McArthur members, but has not been found at any of the lower hori¬ 
zons. The surface sculpture of fine subequal radiating and concentric 
markings, which produce a beautifully cancellated appearance, dis¬ 
tinguish it from all other forms in the Pottsville formation, except pos¬ 
sibly from' A. pellucidus. The latter species, however, may be dis¬ 
tinguished by its difference in outline and by its smaller size. 


^Herrick, C. L., Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 26, PI. 1, Figs. 4, 17, 1887. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


227 


Dimensions.—Individuals vary greatly in size. The largest speci¬ 
men examined was obtained from the McArthur limestone and meas¬ 
ures. height 40.5 mm., length 35 mm. A large individual from the 
Lower Mercer limestone measures: height 26 mm., length 23 mm., 
while the dimensions of a specimen of average size are: height 17 mm., 
length 14 mm. 

Horizon and locality. Widely distributed throughout the Lower 
Mercer and McArthur members, c. 

Aviculopecten pellucidus Meek and Worthen 

1860 Aviculopecten pellucidus . Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 455. 

Coal Measures: Adams County, Illinois. 

1866 Aviculopecten pellucidus. Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 2 p. 327 

PI. 26, Figs. 5 a, b. 

Lower Coal Measures: Adams County, Illinois. 

Description.—A single specimen of this small, delicately sculp¬ 
tured Aviculopecten was found in the black shale associated with the 
Lowellville limestone. Its surface is ornamented by slender ribs, a 
little more than their own diameter apart, which are crossed by rather 
strong, more closely arranged concentric lines. Where the radiating 
and concentric markings cross each other, little nodes or scales are 
formed. The ornamentation of the ears is similar to that of the body 
of the shell. 

Dimensions.—Height 6.5 mm., length about 6 mm. 

Horizon and locality.—Lowellville member: Muskingum County, 
Poverty Run, Locality 19, r. 

Aviculopecten sorer Herrick 

1887 Aviculopecten sorer. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 27, PI. 1, Fig. 7; PI. 3, 

Fig. 16. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Description.—Rather small aviculoid shells occur in the collec¬ 
tions of Lower Mercer fossils from Muskingum and Licking counties, 
which in all probability represent the same form which Herrick referred 
to as Aviculopecten sorer , although a number of points of divergence 
were noted. However, the fact that the specimens under discussion 
came from the same locality and horizon as Herrick’s species lends 
additional weight to the identification. It is of rather rare occurrence 
and all of the individuals studied are more or less imperfect. The size 
is considerably less than Herrick’s figures indicate, the largest individ¬ 
ual observed being about two-thirds as large as the one found on Plate 
III, Fig. 16. The ears are subequal with the anterior one convex and 


228 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


marked by strong radiating ribs crossed by fine concentric lines of 
growth; posterior ear strongly concave and acutely pointed above, ex¬ 
ternally marked by coarse, concentric lines of growth with faint traces 
of radiating ribs visible on a few specimens. The contour of the ears 
differs from the figured specimens of A. sorer , but resembles closely that 
of D. scalaris ; the radiating markings are likewise represented as equally 
strong on both ears. The surface sculpture of the body of the shell 
consists of about seventeen strong, radiating ribs, slightly nodose, in 
character, separated by two to four finer nodose lirae of varying size, 
with the interspaces between them wider than the lirae themselves. 
The entire surface is covered by extremely fine, concentric'lines. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Localities 28, 43, 45, r; Licking County, Locality 46, r. 

Genus Deltopecten Etheridge 
Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard) 

■ 

1855 Pecten occidentalis. Shumard, Geol. Rep. Mo., p. 207, Pi. C, Fig. 18. 

Coal Measures: Near Plattsburg, Clinton County, Missouri. 


Description. —This common and widely distributed Pennsylvanian 
pelecypod makes its appearance in this State in the Boggs limestone 
and continues throughout the remainder of the Pottsville formation; 
it is especially common in the Lower Mercer limestone. It is recog- j- 
nized by its subequal ears and its rounded radiating ribs of unequal 
size which die out at various intervals between the beak and margins; 
only a comparatively few extend as far as the beak. The Ohio speci¬ 
mens are all small, an individual of average size from the Boggs lime¬ 
stone measuring: length 20 mm., width 18 mm., length of hinge line 
15 mm. 

Horizon and locality.—Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 27, r. Widely distributed throughout the Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone, c. McArthur member: Jackson County, Locality 80, r; Vinton 
County, Locality 84, c. 

Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick) 


PI. XIII, figs. 5, 6 

1887 Avicidopecten scalaris. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 26, PI. 1, Fig. 8. 
Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Description.—Shell of median size, almost equivalve, moderately 
convex, length and width about equal, maximum length below middle 
of shell; hinge straight or nearly so, equal to about three-fourths the 







DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


229 


maximum width of the shell below; cardinal area broad with large, tri¬ 
angular ligamental pit beneath the beaks. Ventral and anterior mar¬ 
gins broadly rounded, posterior margin slightly produced below the 
middle of the shell; ears subequal, sharply defined on either side of the 
beaks by a sinus which is deeper on the anterior ear than on the pos¬ 
terior; anterior ear slightly convex in outline, posterior ear mucronate 
at hinge line, strongly concave in outline. Surface marked by fas¬ 
cicles of strongly elevated ribs, three to five in each bundle (generally 
four) which increase by bifurcation; ears also marked by strong radia¬ 
ting ribs; entire surface including the ears crossed by fine, regular, 
closely arranged, concentric lines, which form minute scales where 
they cross the radiating ribs. 

Dimensions.—An individual of average size measures: length 34 
mm., height 33 mm., length of hinge line 22.5 mm., convexity of left 
valve 5 mm. 

Remarks.— Aviculopecten fasciculatus Keyes and A. providencesis 
Cox are Pennsylvanian species which also have the fasciculate group¬ 
ing of the ribs and to which the Ohio Pottsville form can be compared. 
The former is a much larger species,—almost three times the size of 
our form,—and comes from a much higher horizon in the Pennsylvanian 
system. A. providencesis is likewise a much larger form. If these 
species could be reduced to the size of D. scalaris, the ribs would prob¬ 
ably be larger and less numerous. 

Horizon and locality.—Boggs member: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 26, c. Lower Mercer member: Scioto County, Locality 31, c; 
Licking County, Localities 46, 47, c; Mahoning County, Locality 55, c. 
Upper Mercer member: Muskingum County, 68, r. McArthur member: 
Jackson County, Locality 80, r; Vinton County, Locality 84, c. 

Genus Acanthopecten Girty 
Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens) 

1858 Pecten carboniferous. Stevens, Am. Jour. Sci. and Arts, Vol. XXV, p. 261. 

Coal Measures: Crooked Creek, Marion County, Illinois. 

Description.— Acanthopecten carboniferous is an abundant and 
widely distributed fossil in the Pottsville formation of this State above 
and including the Boggs member. It is recognized by its large ears, 
and by its distinctive surface sculpture of fifteen to eighteen large, 
regular, plications which are marked at regular, somewhat distant in¬ 
tervals by spine-like projections where concentric lines cross the plica¬ 
tions. The size is comparatively constant; an individual of average 
size measures: height 16 mm., length of hinge line 13 mm., greatest 
width below hinge line 18 mm. A specimen of unusual size from the 



230 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Lower Mercer limestone has the following measurements: height 27 mm , 
length of hinge line 23 =±= mm., greatest width below hinge line 29 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 26, c. Widely distributed in the Lower Mercer member, a. 
Upper Mercer member: Muskingum County, Locality 68, r; Mahoning 
County, Locality 76, r. Widely distributed throughout the McArthur 
member, c. 

Genus Crenipecten Hall 
Crenipecten foerstii Herrick 
Pl. XIII, figs. 7, 8 

1887 Crenipecten foerstii. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 28, PI. 3, Figs. 9, 9a. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Herrick’s description. —“Shell below the ears subcircular, but 
moderately convex, equivalve. Right valve with anterior ear pro¬ 
duced, rounded in front, separated from the valve by a deeply im¬ 
pressed, concave auricular sinus; posterior ear nearly rectangular, 
slightly concave in posterior outline, separated from the valve by an 
impressed line; hinge line one-half the height of the valves. Left 
valve of same form, but the ears less distinctly separated; hinge line 
less than one-half the height, anterior ear with concave front outline. 
The beaks are acute and moderately prominent. Surface marked by 
numerous close, minute, concentric lines, and numerous irregular, con¬ 
centric wrinkles which give a peculiar appearance to the shell, not 
shared by other species. These wrinkles are less marked on young 
shells. There are also, in most cases, indications of radiating lines, 
which in the larger shells are strong striae or ribs, at a distance from 
each other.” 

This species appears in the Boggs limestone where it is rare, but 
in the Lower Mercer horizon it constitutes an abundant and character¬ 
istic fossil, especially in the Flint Ridge region. Herrick states that 
next to Entolium aviculatus Swallow it is the most common bivalve 
at Flint Ridge, which statement in the experience of the writer is true. 
A specimen a little above average size measures: length 20 mm., height 
20.5 mm., length of hinge line of right valve 11 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 27, r. Widely distributed in the Lower Mercer limestone, a. 
Upper Mercer: Holmes County, Locality 73, r. McArthur limestone: 
Vinton County, Locality 85, r. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


231 


Genus Euchondria Meek 
Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz) 

1866 Peden neglectus. Geinitz, Die Carb. und Dyas in Nebr., p. 33, Tab. 2 Fie. 17. 

Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

1872 Aviculopeden neglectus. Meek, U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr., p. 193, PI. 9, Figs. 1 a, b. 

Upper Coal Measures: Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

Coal Measures: Illinois. 

Meek’s description.—' “Shell very small, broad subovate exclusive 
of ears, even thin, rather compressed; sides and base more or less regu¬ 
larly rounded; cardinal margin shorter than breadth of the valves. 
Left valve (according to Professor Geinitz’ figure) with ears nearly 
equal, the anterior one separated from the margin below by a broad, 
very shallow sinus, and forming less than a right angle at its extremity; 
posterior ear extending farther down the margin than the other, very 
faintly sinuous behind, and forming an angle of about 100 degrees at 
the extremity. Right valve with anterior ear narrow and rather acutely 
angular, defined by a deep, narrow sinus, extending back about half its 
length; posterior ear of about the same length, but of greater vertical 
breadth than the other, rather pointed at the extremity and defined 
by a moderately deep, broadly rounded sinus, and a subangular umbonal 
slope. Surface of the body part of both valves apparently only marked 
by fine concentric striae; ears with a few radiating costae, crossed by 
fine striae and a few coarser marks of growth. 

“Height and breadth each, 0.26 inch; length of hinge, 0.21 inch.” 

Remarks. A single, well preserved specimen was found in the 
Lowellville limestone, but the species occurs rather commonly in the 
Lower Mercer and McArthur members. The Ohio specimens are on 
the average larger than those figured by Meek but in other respects 
the forms are identical. The measurements of the individual from the 
Lowellville limestone, which is among the largest found, are: length 
9.7 mm., height 9.5 mm., length of hinge line 7 mm. One from the 
Lower Mercer limestone measures: length and height 5 mm., length of 
hinge line 4.2 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Lowellville member: Muskingum County, 
Locality 19, r. Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, Locali¬ 
ties 39 (r), 28 (c), 43 (c), 45 (c); Licking County, Localities 46 (r), 47 (c), 
48 (r), 49 (r). Upper Mercer: Perry County, Locality 62, r. Black 
Flint: Jackson County, Locality 87, r. 


232 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Genus Entolium Meek 
Entolium attenuatum Herrick 

1887 Entolium attenuatum. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 24, Fig. 11- 
Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 


Description. — Entolium attenuatum is not at all common among the 
Pottsville fauna of this State and its known occurrence is confined to 
the Lower Mercer and McArthur members. It is smooth-shelled, 
similar in appearance and closely related to E. aviculatus. It differs 
from the latter species principally in its narrow elongate form which 
has the height equal to one and one-fourth times the width, while in 
E. aviculatus the height and width are almost equal. Individuals are 
most common in occurrence along Flint Ridge, Licking County. 

Dimensions. —Length 18 mm., width 13 mm., convexity of single 
valve 1.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Locality 45, r; Licking County, Localities 46, Flint Ridge, 47, 
48, 49, r; Mahoning County, Locality 55, r. McArthur limestone: 
Vinton County, Locality 84, r. 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow) 

PL XIII, fig. 9 

1858 Peden aiiculatus. Swallow, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 213. 

Coal Measures: Valley of Verdigris, Kansas. 

Description. —This species with its wide stratigraphic and geo¬ 
graphic range is the most abundant and characteristic pelecypod of the 
Lower Mercer limestone. It is present throughout the middle and 
upper Pottsville, but is nowhere found in such extreme profusion as in 
the Lower Mercer member; it is also common and widely distributed in 
the McArthur limestone. It is characterized by its subcircular, com¬ 
pressed form with the anterior and posterior parts flattened and sepa¬ 
rated from the body of the shell by two furrows extending from the 
beak to the anterior- and posterior-inferior margins respectively, and 
also by its smooth, prominent ears. The delicate, concentric markings 
are generally not preserved so that the surface appears smooth. It is 
associated with Entolium attenuatum and Crenipecten foerstii, the former 
being of rare occurrence and the latter very abundant, especially in 
the Lower Mercer limestone of Muskingum and Licking counties. 

Horizon and locality. —Widely distributed throughout the Lowei 
Mercer and McArthur members, aa. Upper Mercer member: Mus¬ 
kingum County, Locality 68, r. Black Flint: Jackson County, Locali¬ 
ty 87, r. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


233 


Genus Lima Brugueire 
Lima retifera Shumard 
PL XIII, fig. 10 


1858 Lima retifera. Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 214. 

Coal Measures: Valley of Verdigris, Kansas. 

Remarks. —Lima retifer is another form of wide geographic and 
stratigraphic distribution which is common in the middle and upper 
Pottsville formation of Ohio, especially in the Lower Mercer and 
McArthur members. A considerable number of individuals have 
been examined, many in an excellent state of preservation, and no 
marked variations from the species as ordinarily interpreted have been 
noted. The species is recorded as high as the upper Conemaugh forma¬ 
tion in this State. 

Horizon and locality. —Widely distributed throughout the Lower 
Mercer and McArthur members, c. 


Genus Placunopsis Morris and Lycett 
Placunopsis ? recticardinalis Meek 
PI. XII, fig. 19 

1875 Placunopsis recticardinalis. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 331, PI. 19, Fig. 12. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge and Putnam Hill, Ohio. 

1887 Placunopsis recticardinalis. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 43, PI. 4. 

Fig. 11. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Meek’s description. —“Shell truncato-suboval or subquadrilateral, 
slightly oblique, with length and breadth nearly equal; cardinal margin 
straight, not quite equaling the greatest breadth of the valves; lateral 
margins almost straight and parallel, meeting the hinge at nearly right 
angles, and rounding regularly to the rounded ventral edge; upper 
valve depressed, most convex between the beak and central region; 
beak small, depressed, and but slightly projecting beyond the cardinal 
margin, near the middle of which it is placed with scarcely perceptible 
obliquity; surface showing fine, obscure lines, and a few stronger marks 
of growth, with faint traces of radiating striae, and an entirely dis¬ 
tinct set of regular, transverse, waved or arched, parallel, little linear 
ridges or costae, which appear to have resulted from the markings of 
the surface of the object upon which the shell had grown; lower (right ?) 
valve unknown.” 


234 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Dimensions. —The figured specimen measures: height 25 mm., 
length of hinge line 20 mm., maximum width below hinge line 24 mm. 

Remarks. —As stated by Meek this species may be only an extreme 
variety of P. carbonaria which, according to the figured specimens, show 
great diversity of form. 1 However, none of these figures, even 2a and 
2d, which are imperfect in the hinge area, indicate a hinge line as long 
or as straight or with such angular lateral extremities as P. ? recticar- 
dinalis. These differences together with the lower, less prominent, and 
more central beak seem of sufficient importance to justify a distinct 
species.* 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, 
Flint Ridge, Locality 47, r. 

Genus Allerisma King 

Allerisma terminale Hall 

PI. XIII, fig. 15 

1852 Allerisma terminalis. Hall, Stansbuiy’s Exped. to Great Salt Lake, p. 413, 
PI. 2, Figs. 4a, b. 

Carboniferous: Big Blue River. 

Remarks —Allerisma terminale is another Pennsylvanian species of 
very wide stratigraphic and geographic distribution which is common 
and widespread in the Pottsville formation of Ohio above and includ¬ 
ing the Lower Mercer limestone. Individuals usually occur in a greatly 
crushed condition, but are readily recognized by their large size, elon¬ 
gate form, and coarse concentric wrinkles. Spinulose surface sculp¬ 
ture is characteristic and usually well preserved. 

Horizon and locality. —Widely distributed throughout the Lower 
Mercer and McArthur limestones, c. Lower Mercer ore: Jackson 
County, Locality 56, r. 

Genus Pleurophorella Girty 

Pleurophorella costata (Meek and Worthen) 

1869 Allorisma costata. Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 171. 

Lower Coal Measures: Warren County, Illinois. 

1873 Allorisma costata. Meek and Worthen, Geol Surv. Ill., Vol. 5, p. 585, PI. 26, 
Fig. 15. 

Coal Measures: Warren County, Illinois. 

Description. —This species with its distinctive surface markings 
is rare in the Pottsville formation of this State and is represented in 


Meek, F. B., Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 5, PI. 27, Figs. 2a, b, c, d, 1873. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


235 


the collections studied by about six more or less perfect individuals 
from the Lower Mercer and McArthur members. The size and con¬ 
tour are about the same as those of Meek’s specimen figured on PI. 19, 
Vol. II, Paleontology of Ohio, but the ridges extending from the beak 
to the posterior margin are more sharply defined. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Localities 42, 43, 45, r; Stark County, Locality 52, r. McArthur 
member: Vinton County, Locality 85, r; Hocking County, Locality 86, r. 

Pleurophorella geinitzi (Meek) 

PI. XIII, figs. 18, 19 

1866 Allorisma elegans. Geinitz, Die Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska, p. 13, PI. 1, 
Fig. 31. (Non A. elegans King, 1844.) 

Coal Measures: Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

1872 Allorisma ( Sedgwickia) geinitzi. Meek, U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr., Final Rept., 
p. 219, PI. X, Figs. 16 a, b. 

Upper Coal Measures: Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

Upper, Middle, and Lower Coal Measures: Illinois. 

Description. —Although Pleurophorella geinilzi is abundant in the 
higher formations of the Pennsylvanian system of this State, it is rare 
in rocks of Pottsville age and has been found only in the Lower Mercer 
limestone. In size and general aspect it resembles very closely those 
of the Conemaugh formation figured by Miss Mark. 1 

Dimensions. —Length 5 mm., height at posterior end 1.3 mm., 
height at umbones 2.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Locality 45, r; Licking County, Localities 46, 48, r. 

Pleurophorella sesquiplicata Price 
PI. XIII, figs. 16, 17 

1919 Pleurophorella sesquiplicata. Price, W. Va. Geol. Surv., Fayette County Rept., 

p. 290. 

Kanawha Group: Mingo County, West Virginia. 

1920 Pleurophorella sesquiplicata. Price, W. Va. Geol. Surv., Webster County Rept., 

p. 606, PI. XXXV, Figs. 7-12. 

Kanawha Group, upper portion: Mingo County, West Virginia. 

Description— Representatives of this species are fairly common in 
the black shales on the Lower Mercer horizon in Rock Hollow, Vinton 
County, but have not been found elsewhere in rocks of Pottsville age 
in Ohio. The species occurs in the form of internal and external molds 
which are usually greatly compressed. On most of the specimens ex- 
Mark, C. G., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 17, p. 310, PI. XV, Fig. 11, 1912. 



236 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


amined faint traces of a plication are visible on the flattened area be¬ 
tween the umbonal ridge and the ridge bordering the escutcheon, which, 
however, becomes obsolete toward the posterior margin. The very 
faint radiating lines in the same region, mentioned by Price on the 
West Virginia forms, are apparently absent, although they may not 
have been preserved or may have been later destroyed. In other 
respects the Ohio form agrees closely with the description and figures of 
Price’s species. 

Dimensions. —The measurements of single valves of two individ¬ 
uals are respectively: length 10.5 mm., 13.5 mm.; height 7 mm., 8.5 mm.; 
convexity unknown. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer black shale: Vinton County, 
Rock Hollow, Locality 34, c. 

Genus Pleurophorus King 
Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick 
PL XIV, figs. 5-8 

1887 Pleurophorus immaturus. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2 ,p. 145, PI. 14, 
Fig. 17. (Also Pleurophorus subcostatus ? Herrick, Idem., p. 35, PI. 4, 
Figs. 16, 16a.) 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 


Description. —Shell small, elongate-oblong in outline, with the 
length slightly greater than twice the height; moderately convex in 
umbonal region and along umbonal slope which extends obliquely 
backward from the beak to the posterior-inferior margin of the shell, 
becoming somewhat depressed below the hinge line and along the 
posterior extremity; cardinal and basal margins straight, converging a 
little anteriorly, so that the anterior extremity is slightly but conspicu¬ 
ously narrower than the posterior; beaks almost anterior in position, 
small, not elevated above the cardinal margin; hinge line long, extending 
from the beak about three-fourths the length of the shell; posterior 
extremity obliquely truncated above and narrowly rounded below; 
anterior extremity inconspicuous, slightly concave in outline below 
beaks, then rounding abruptly into the basal margin. Surface marked 
(1) by six to nine delicate but sharply defined lines or costae which 
radiate posteriorly from the beak and which, when fully developed, 
cover about four-fifths of the entire surface of the shell; (2) by very 
fine, regular, subequal, concentric lines; and (3) by innumerable, minute 
spinules which are larger and more conspicuous anteriorly than poster¬ 
iorly where they are extremely small and crowded. These spinules are 
both concentric and radial in arrangement and where most conspicuous 
form tiny squares, each spinule marking the corner of a square. In 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


237 


the anterior part where they are larger and less crowded, the concentric 
arrangement is most prominent, while posteriorly where they are ex¬ 
tremely minute, the radial arrangement is most prominent, giving the 
appearance of very fine radiating lines. 

Dimensions.—A well preserved right valve of large size from the 
Lower Mercer limestone at Flint Ridge measures: length 25 mm., 
height just behind beak 10 mm.,- convexity 2.5 mm. Two right valves 
of average size from the McArthur limestone of Vinton County meas¬ 
ure: length 22 mm., 17 mm.; height 9.5 mm., 7 mm.; convexity 2 mm., 

2 mm. 

Remarks.—The most important characters of this form are the 
peculiar surface markings which are excellently shown on external 
molds,—the large number of radiating costae, the fine regular con¬ 
centric lines, and especially the numerous, fine spinules covering the 
entire surface. In general contour and dentition, as far as can be de¬ 
termined, these shells belong to the genus Pleurophorus, although the 
spinulose sculpture has not been credited to the genus. It has, how¬ 
ever, been commonly observed on representatives of Sedgwickia and 
Allerisma as well as on certain forms of Pleurophorella. 

Among the described species of Pleurophorus, P. subcostatus, P. 
immaturus, and P. occidentalis approach this form most closely in 
general contour and appearance, although the surface markings de¬ 
scribed above have apparently not been heretofore observed. The 
species under discussion is abundant in the Lower Mercer and McArthur 
limestones, and is probably the same form which Herrick referred to 
as P. subcostatus ? in his study of the Lower Mercer fossils of Flint 
Ridge. Another smaller, more compact form from the same locality 
has been given the name P. immaturus by the same author with the 
suggestion that it may be the young of P. subcostatus' ?. Specimens 
intermediate between the small compact form and the large one have 
been observed in the collections studied, and as the differences between 
the two foims are those which one would naturally expect to find be¬ 
tween the mature and young of a given species, it is the conclusion of 
the writer that P. immaturus actually represents the same form as 
that cited by Herrick as P. subcostatus ?. 

However, whether Herrick’s P. subcostatus ? is really the same 
species as that described by Meek and Worthen as P. subcostatus may 
be questioned. Typical P. subcostatus is described as having the cardi¬ 
nal and basal margins subparallel, with the basal margin sinuous, and 
judging from the figures, 1 the anterior extremity is comparatively 
prominent. P. occidentalis Meek and Hayden, another species very 
closely related to P. subcostatus, is described as having the cardinal 
and basal margins either subparallel or converging, although as figured 


^eek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 2, PI. 27, Figs. 2, 2a, 1866. 



238 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


the margins contract strongly toward the anterior extremity. 1 The 
basal margin is not sinuous, but very slightly convex, and the anterior 
extremity is much less conspicuous than that of P. subcostatus. On 
, the latter species about three radiating costae are mentioned, while on 
P. occidentalis five or six are present. As the figured specimens are 
internal casts, more costae could probably have been observed on the 
external shell; also other surface markings similar to those described 
above may be assumed to have been present. 

Obviously the forms under discussion, which belong to the same 
species cited by Herrick as P. subcostatus ?, resemble P. occidentalis more 
closely than typical P. subcostatus; in fact there seems to be no essential 
difference between the two forms. However, identification with P. 
occidentalis seems rather doubtful as that species occurs in the upper 
Pennsylvanian and Permian systems of a distant locality; so it is con¬ 
sidered best for the present to retain a distinct species name for these 
Pottsville forms from Ohio, especially in want of specimens of P. oc- 
cidentalis to confirm the identification. 

Since Herrick’s P. subcostatus ? and P. immaturus are probably the 
same species, and since that species is not P. subcostatus as originally 
described, the name P. immaturus is here provisionally retained, but 
in a larger sense than originally intended; however it is not unexpected 
that this name will prove to be a synonym of P. occidentalis. 

Considerable variation exists in regard to the number and strength 
of costae on the umbonal slope. Nine is the greatest number observed, 
while some specimens, even from Herrick’s type locality on Flint Ridge, 
have the costae evanescent with only one clearly marked, although in¬ 
dications of others can generally be observed. Likewise the spinulose 
structure is not evident on all specimens and is apparently lacking most 
often on those which have the costae reduced in number. Allowance 
must be made for variations in the development of costae and the 
simultaneous loss of the costae with the spinules may be accounted for 
by adverse conditions of preservation. After an examination of a 
comparatively large number of these specimens, there is little doubt in 
the mind of the writer that even those which show the number of costae 
greatly reduced belong to the same species. 

Horizon and locality.—Widely distributed throughout the Lower 
Mercer and McArthur limestones, c. Black Flint: Jackson County, 
Locality 87, r. 

Pleurophorus oblongus Meek 

1866 Clidophorus pallasi. Geinitz, Die Carb. und Dyas in Nebraska., p. 23, Tab. 2, 
Fig. 4. (Non Modiola Pallasi de Vern., 1845.) 

Nebraska City and Wyoming, Nebraska. 

Meek, F. B., U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebraska, Final Rept., PI. X, Fig. 12, 1872. 

This figure is used instead of the original one which Meek states is inaccurate. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


239 


1872 Pleurophorus oblongus. Meek, U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebraska, p. 212, PI. 10, 
Figs. 4 a-c. 

Upper Coal Measures: Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

Remarks.— Pleurophorus oblongus is represented in the lower Potts- 
ville formation by the internal mold of a single specimen from the 
Sharon ore, and very sparingly in the middle and upper Pottsville 
formation. The individuals are for the most part well preserved so 
that the identification could be made with considerable confidence. 
The form from the Sharon ore is smaller than indicated by Meek's 
description and figures; its dimensions are: length 8 mm., length of 
hinge line 6 mm., maximum height near posterior end 4.5 mm., thick¬ 
ness of right valve 1.2 mm. 

Horizon and locality.—Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, r. 
Lower Mercer member: Muskingum County, Locality 43, r; Licking 
County, Localities 48, 49, r. McArthur member: Jackson County, 
Locality 80, r; Vinton County, Locality 84, r. 

Pleurophorus spinulosa n. sp. 

PI. XIV, figs. 9-11 

Description.—This shell belongs to the same general type as the 
one here described as Pleurophorus immaturus (P. subcostatus of Her¬ 
rick) and in outline appears identical with that species Rs nearly as can 
be observed from the somewhat imperfect specimens at hand. How¬ 
ever the form under discussion differs from P. immaturus in the follow¬ 
ing ways: (1) The shell is large, equaling almost twice the size of the 
largest mature specimen of P. immaturus in the collections examined; 
(2) only four radiating costae which are confined to the umbonal slope 
were observed and these are more faintly expressed than those of P. 
immaturus, (3) the spinulose sculpture is coarser than is character¬ 
istic of P. immaturus. 

Dimensions.—The most perfect of the two known specimens of 
this species measures: length 42+ mm., height 19 mm., convexity of 
left valve 4.5 mm. 

Remarks.—Some doubt exists as to whether this form is not 
identical with P. immaturus, especially as it has been found at Bald 
Knob, at the same horizon and comparatively close to Herrick's type 
locality at Flint Ridge. However, the large size and the apparent 
absence of a series of forms intergrading in size between them seems 
to point to a distinct species. The coarser spinulose structure ought 
naturally to accompany so great an increase in size, but the radiating 
costae should also be correspondingly more numerous and more strongly 
marked. Even after allowances are made for natural variations in the 
strength and number of costae, the discrepancies between shells of such 


240 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


different sizes seem too great to be found in the same species, and there¬ 
fore these differences assume specific importance. The species, on the 
other hand, is known from two not entirely perfect specimens, so that 
later investigation may prove that the two forms are more closely re¬ 
lated than is at present apparent. Both of the known specimens con¬ 
sist of external molds, one of a right and the other of a left valve. 

Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, 
Bald Knob, Locality 46, r. 

Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek 
PI. XIII, figs. 20, 21 

1875 Pleurophorus tropidophorus. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 338, PI. 19, Figs. 10 a, b. 

Coal Measures: Newark, Ohio. 

Meek’s description.—‘‘Shell transversely oblong, much compressed, 
with length a little greater than twice the height; posterior margin 
flattened and bifurcated, the lower truncation being nearly vertical, 
and the upper sloping obliquely downward and backward from the 
hinder end of the hinge; cardinal margin straight, equaling about two- 
thirds the length of the valves; anterior rounded below and sloping 
abruptly forward from the beaks above; basal margin long, parallel to 
the hinge, nearly straight for most of its length, or faintly sinuous near 
the middle, rounding up anteriorly, and forming a more or less defined 
angle at its connection with the lower part of the posterior margin 
behind; posterior umbonal slope distinctly angular from the beaks to 
the angular posterior basal extremity, while a second carina passes 
obliquely backwards and downwards along the middle of the posterior 
dorsal space above the umbonal ridge of each valve; beaks depressed 
to the line of the cardinal margin, very little projecting, and placed one- 
fifth to one-fourth the length of the valves from the anterior margin. 
Surface marked by distinct concentric lines of growth, that become 
strongly defined on the flanks and anterior parts of the valve, but are 
less distinct on the space above and behind the umbonal angles.” 

Dimensions.—A specimen of typical size from the cannel coal 
mine on Flint Ridge, Licking County, measures: length 29.5 mm.; 
maximum height posterior to the beak 15 mm., convexity of a single 
valve 4 mm. 

Remarks.—This species is rare below the Lower Mercer limestone 
but is fairly common and widely distributed in the latter and higher 
members, especially in the McArthur limestone. The species shows 
very little variation from place to place, and differs from Meek’s fig¬ 
ured specimen only in having the beaks slightly more depressed. In 
his study of the fauna of Flint Ridge, Herrick 1 mentions that possibly 


derrick, C. L., Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 35, 1887. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


241 


two related species differing chiefly in size may exist; and if the char¬ 
acters exhibited in his figure prove constant in a number of specimens, 
a different species rather than an abnormal development of P. tropi- 
dophorus is represented. This form differs not only in its larger size, 
but in its less angular posterior outline and its convex ventral margin. 
Collections were made from a number of localities along Flint Ridge, 
but no specimens comparable to Herrick’s large form were discovered. 

Horizon and locality.— Lowellville member: Muskingum County, 
Locality 19, r. Common and widely distributed in the Lower Mercer 
and McArthur members. Upper Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, 
Locality 68, r. Black Flint member: Jackson County, Locality 87, r. 

Astartella compacta Girty 


1915 Astartella compacta. Girty, Missouri Bureau Geol. and Mine*, l?er. 2, Vol. XIII, 
p. 354, PI. XXVIII, Figs. 4, 4a, 5, 5a. 

Cherokee formation: Missouri. 

Description. —This species is represented in the collections studied 
by a number of specimens from the Lower Mercer and McArthur 
members in a fairly good state of preservation; they exhibit no essential 
differences from the Missouri forms. The species is distinguished by 
its small compact form with the height a little greater than the length, 
by its high, slightly flaring posterior end, and by its surface sculpture 
of fine, very closely arranged concentric lines. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, r; Muskingum County, Locality 28, c; Licking County, 
46, r. McArthur limestone: Jackson County, Locality 80, r; Vinton 
County, Locality 84, c; Hocking County, Locality 86, r. 

Astartella concentrica (Conrad) 

PI. XIII, figs. 11-13 

1842 Nuculites concentrica. Conrad, Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. Jour., 1st Ser., Vol. 8, 
Pt. 2, p. 248. 

Coal Measures: Pennsylvania. 

1915 Astartella concentrica. Girty, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 544, p. 142, Vol. XVIII, 
Figs. 2-9. 

Wewoka formation: Oklahoma. 


Description. —Two closely related representatives of the genus 
Astartella are common in the middle and upper Pottsville formation, 
one of which has been referred to A. concentrica and the other to the 
form which Meek called A. newberryi. Conrad’s original description of 
A. concentrica is quoted below: “Subtriangular, slightly ventricose, with 
rather distant sharp concentric striae; umbonal slope obtusely angu- 


242 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


lated; posterior dorsal margin rectilinear, very oblique; posterior ex¬ 
tremity truncated, the margin nearly direct; beaks near anterior ex¬ 
tremity; basal margin nearly straight in middle.” 

This form is obviously very similar to A. vera and is probably 
identical with the one which has previously been referred to the latter 
species in various reports on the Pennsylvanian fauna of Ohio. How¬ 
ever, the specimens examined by the writer are narrower, with the 
posterior-inferior angle less produced than is shown on Hall’s figure. 
These slight differences in outline together with more regular concen¬ 
tric markings than are accredited to A . vera, seem to render identifica¬ 
tion with A. concentrica more apt, although it does not seem improbable 
that these species are the same and that the differences in outline and 
surface markings are of varietal rather than of specific importance. 
The form is convex and the beak is close to the anterior end, while the 
surface is'marked by about seventeen to twenty regular, sharply angu¬ 
lar, concentric laminae, separated by broad furrows. The entire sur¬ 
face is covered by very fine concentric lines. Faint radial striations, 
such as are characteristic of the middle layer of shell substance of A. 
varica, are often visible near the basal margin and are clearly marked 
where the outer layer has been exfoliated. 

Several small, imperfect specimens from the Lowellville and Boggs 
members have likewise been referred to this species, but the poorly 
preserved condition of the material renders the identification more 
doubtful. 

Dimensions. —An individual of average size has the following 
measurements: length 12 mm., height 11 mm., convexity of a left valve 
5.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Lowellville member: Muskingum County, 
Locality 19, r. Boggs member: Muskingum County, Locality 26, r. 
Widely distributed throughout the Lower Mercer and McArthur mem¬ 
bers, a. Upper Mercer member: Scioto County, Locality 59, c. Black 
Flint member: Jackson County, Locality 87, r. 

Astartella newberryi Meek 
PI. XIII, fig. 14 

1875 Astartella newberryi. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 340, PI. 19, Fig. 3. 

Coal Measures: Newark, Ohio. 

Description. —This fossil is present in the middle and upper Potts- 
ville formation, but is especially common in the Lower Mercer limestone 
of Muskingum and Licking counties. Although the species was origi¬ 
nally founded on a single specimen, the characters attributed to it by 
Meek have been found to hold constant in adult forms; it is almost im¬ 
possible, however, to distinguish immature individuals from those 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


243 


forms identified in this bulletin as A. concentrica. The species resembles 
closely both A. vera and especially A. concentrica. It differs from 
Hall’s figured specimens of the former species in having the beaks less 
anterior and slightly less prominent, and the surface sculpture more 
regular. The resemblance to A. concentrica is so close that it has been 
suggested both by Meek 1 and by Girty 2 that it may represent a variety 
of the latter rather than a distinct species. Comparisons with A. 
concentrica as interpreted by Girty show that A. newberryi is less convex, 
a little narrower, with the dorsal margin more oblique, and with the 
posterior-inferior angle more produced; the concentric ridges are also 
more numerous, about twenty-five to twenty-eight being present on an 
adult individual. The entire surface is covered by extremely fine con¬ 
centric lines, and the posterior and basal margins are generally crenulated 
with radial markings which characterize the middle layer of shell sub¬ 
stance. In view of the differences cited above it seems advisable for 
the present to retain the rank of a distinct species for this form, rather 
than to include it as a variety of A. concentrica. 

Dimensions. —Adult individuals attain a considerably larger size 
than those here referred to A. concentrica. A typical form measures: 
length 16.5 mm., height at beak 12 mm., convexity of left valve 3.5 mm., 
length of umbonal ridge 15.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality.— Lower Mercer limestone: widely distrib¬ 
uted in Muskingum and Licking counties, c. McArthur limestone: 
Vinton County, Locality 84, c. 

Astartella varica McChesney 
PI. XIV, figs. 1-4 

1860 Astartella varica. McChesney, Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 55. 

Coal Measures: Springfield, Illinois. 

Description. —This species is common in the middle and upper 
Pottsville formation, particularly in the Lower Mercer and McArthur 
members. Eight to ten sharply elevated concentric ridges, separated 
by broad, rounded furrows, are present. The convexity is moderate 
and the umbonal slope on uncrushed specimens prominent. A number 
of individuals from the McArthur limestone show the same interesting 
shell structure described by Miss Mark on A. vera. 3 Three layers 
are present: an inner lamellose layer on which the coarse con¬ 
centric ridges which characterize the species are absent or only faintly 
visible; an outer layer marked by eight to ten elevated ridges separated 

’Meek, F. B., Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 340, 1875. 

2 Girty, G. H., U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 544, p. 144, 1915. 

3 Mark, C. G., Geol. Surv. Ohio, Fourth Ser., Bull. 17, p. 311, PI. XV, Figs, 13,14, 

1912. 



244 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


by broad furrows; and a middle layer on which the ridges are almost as 
sharply marked as on the outer layer, and which is covered by extremely 
fine but distinct radiating lines. Fig. 3, PL XIV, shows the middle 
layer of an individual with a portion of the outer layer remaining 
around the beak. 

Dimensions.— A specimen of average size from the Lower Mercer 
limestone measures: length 19 mm., height 15 mm., convexity of left 
valve 7 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Of general distribution throughout the 
Lower Mercer and McArthur members, c. Upper Mercer member: 
Perry County, near Somerset, Locality 63, r. 

Astartella sp. 

Description.— A small, crushed pelecypod, probably belonging to 
the genus Astartella, occurs in great abundance at two localities,—one 
in the Lowellville limestone ? and the other in the Lower Mercer,—dis¬ 
tant from each other, yet faunally very similar and unique. A some¬ 
what square posterior outline, long cardinal margin, prominent beaks, 
and fine, regular, concentric lines characterize the form. It is, how¬ 
ever, too poorly preserved to be identified specifically. The measure¬ 
ments of a specimen of average size are: length 9.5 mm., height 6.5 mm., 
length of cardinal margin 6 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Lowellville member ?: near Holbein, Mus¬ 
kingum County, Locality 20, a. Lower Mercer limestone: Rock Hollow, 
Vinton County, Locality 34, a. 

Genus Cypricardinia Hall 
Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek 
PL XI, fig. 14 

1871 Cypricardinia ? carbonaria. Meek, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 163. 

Lower Coal Measures: Newark, Ohio. 

1875 Cypricardinia ? carbonaria. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 432, PI. 19, Figs. 8 a, b. 

Lower Coal Measures: Newark, Ohio. 

Meek’s description. —“Shell small, longitudinally oval, less than 
twice as long as high, the widest (highest) part being under the poster¬ 
ior extremity of the hinge; rather gibbous, with usually a broad im¬ 
pression extending from the beaks obliquely backward and downward 
to the middle of the base of each valve; anterior side extremely short 
or nearly obsolete, convex, and rounded; posterior side broader, more 
compressed or cuneate, with its upper edge straight and sloping ob¬ 
liquely backward to the regularly rounded posterior margin; base 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


245 


broadly and slightly sinuous in the middle, and rounding upward at 
the extremities; hinge line straight, between one-half and two-thirds 
as long as the valves, ranging at an angle of about 25 degrees with the 
oblique, longer axis of the shell, so as to meet the sloping upper edge 
of the posterior margin at a very obtuse but moderately well-defined 
angle, thus imparting to the somewhat compressed posterior dorsal 
region a very faintly alate appearance; beaks extremely oblique, de¬ 
pressed nearly to the dorsal margin, very nearly terminal, and scarcely 
projecting beyond the rounded outline of the anterior extremity. Sur¬ 
face ornamented by about fifteen to twenty exceedingly regular, well- 
defined, subimbricating, flattened, concentric ridges or undulations 
that gradually become smaller and more closely approximating to 
the umbones.” 

The specimens of this species in the collections examined show no 
departures from Meek’s description. The species has been obtained 
only from the Lower Mercer and McArthur limestones. 

Dimensions. —Length 10 mm., height at beaks 4.2 mm., height 
near posterior extremity 6 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Widely distributed in the Lower Mercer 
member of Muskingum and Licking counties, c. McArthur member: 
Jackson County, Locality 80, c; Vinton County, Locality 84, r. 

Class Scaphopoda 

Genus Plagioglypta Pilsbry and Sharp 
Plagioglypta meekana (Geinitz) 

1866 Denialium meekianum. Geinitz, Die Carb. und Dyas in Nebr., p. 13, Tab. 1, 
Fig. 20. 

Coal Measures: Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

Description. —Plagioglypta meekiana is represented in the Lower 
Mercer limestone by a few scattered specimens. The form is mode¬ 
rately curved, is marked by very fine revolving lines which are slightly 
oblique in position, and ranges in length from about 12 to 22 mm. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Locality 43, r; Stark County, Locality 52, r. 

Plagioglypta prosseri n. sp. 

PI. XVI, figs. 3, 4 

Description.— Shell of median size, slightly curved, the greatest 
curvature occurring in the smaller half of the shell; increasing in size 
rather gradually toward the large end; form of aperture unknown. 


246 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Surface ornamented by very fine, closely arranged lines of growth, 
passing a little obliquely around the shell, with a faint, barely notice¬ 
able revolving groove occurring at more or less regular intervals, about 
3 to 3.5 mm. apart near the larger end but gradually becoming closer 
together near the smaller extremity. 

Dimensions. —Length of a cotype which probably represents al¬ 
most a complete individual 78 mm., diameter of the much-flattened 
larger end 11.5 mm.; diameter near the small end which is also flat¬ 
tened 2.5 mm. 

Remarks. —Plagioglypta prosseri is of rare occurrence and has been 
found at only a few localities in the Lower Mercer and McArthur lime¬ 
stones. The specimens studied include many imperfect specimens as 
well as two almost complete individuals,—an external mold and an 
internal cast. 1 Both are crushed so that the true diameter and the 
shape of the aperture cannot be determined. The species is char¬ 
acterized by its median size, its slightly curved form, and its fine ob¬ 
lique surface markings. It resembles P. canna (White) very closely, 
but the latter species can be distinguished by its straighter, still more 
tapering form, and larger size. The fact that P. canna occurs in a 
much higher portion of the Coal Measures from a far distant locality 
(common in the Permian of Arizona and New Mexico) lends additional 
weight to the differences cited above. From P. meekiana (Geinitz) it 
differs principally in its less curved form and much larger size, the 
length of the latter species according to Professor Geinitz’ measure¬ 
ments being .60 to .70 inch. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Somerset, Locality 35, r; Muskingum County, near Fairview School, 
Locality 45, r; Licking County, Bald Knob, Locality 46, r. McArthur 
limestone: Jackson County, Monroe Furnace, Locality 80, r; Vinton 
County, Moore mine near McArthur, Locality 84, r. The specific 
name is given in honor of Dr. Charles S. Prosser. 

Class Gastropoda 

Minute Gastropoda (Three or more species) 

Description. —Extremely minute gastropods are abundant in the 
Sand Block ore, but they occur in a much decomposed, macerated 
condition. Three species were distinguished although more are prob¬ 
ably present; all are internal casts showing none of the surface mark¬ 
ings. One species has a spire of median height with three or four 
rapidly enlarging volutions; the body whorl is large and greatly expanded, 

ir The internal cast belongs to the collections of Dr. George H. Girty, by whom 
it was loaned for the purpose of studying the internal characters which are not shown 
on the writer’s specimen. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


247 


constituting almost two-thirds of the entire spire. The height of the 
shell measures .75 mm. The second species is a high-spired, slender, 
gradually tapering form, about .5 mm. in height, while the third be¬ 
longs to the Bellerophontidae and measures less than 1 mm. in diameter. 

Horizon and locality. —Sand Block ore: Jackson County, Locality 
57, a. 


Family Bellerophontidae McCoy 

Shells belonging to the Family Bellerophontidae are the best 
represented group of gastropods in the Pottsville formation in Ohio. 
The following genera are present,— Bellerophon, Euphemus, Pharki- 
donotus , Patellostium, and Bucanopsis ; among these the genus Pharki- 
donotus is the most abundant while Bellerophon and Euphemus are 
most widely distributed. No fossils are more numerous in the Harrison 
and Sharon ores than the Bellerophon-like shells which can be obtained 
in an almost perfect condition. They are diminutive in size and occur 
as internal casts so that in most cases even the generic position is unde¬ 
terminable. In only a few instances, however, is surface sculpture 
sufficiently well shown to disclose the generic and specific relations. 
Representatives of this family constitute the most common group of 
gastropods in the marine limestones, and hold an especially important 
position in the Lower Mercer and McArthur members. 


Genus Bellerophon Montfort 

Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen 

1860 Bellerophon crassus. Meek and Worthen, Prog Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 458. 
Lower Coal Measures: Pittsburgh, St. Clair County, Illinois. 


Remarks. —Several of the numerous small Bellerophon-like forms 
from the Harrison and Sharon ores show a narrow slit band with faint 
transverse lines marking the surface, and have been referred provision¬ 
ally to B. crassus. The species has not been found in any other Potts- 
ville horizon below the Lower Mercer member; it is, however, relatively 
common in the middle and upper Pottsville formation, especially in 
the Lower Mercer limestone of Muskingum and Licking counties. 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
a. Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, a. Widely distributed in 
the Lower Mercer, member, especially in Muskingum and Licking 
counties, c. McArthur member: Jackson County, Locality 80, c; 
Vinton County, Localities 83, 84, c. 


248 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Genus Pharkidonotus Girty 
Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad) 

PI. XV, fig. 6 

1842 Bellerophon percarinatus. Conrad, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1st Ser., Vol. 
VIII, p. 268, PI. XVI, Fig. 5. 

Carboniferous: Inclined plane of the Allegheny Mts., in black shale over- 
lying the stratum of Coal No. 7. 

1915 Pharkidonotus percarinatus. Girty, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 544, p. 165, PI. XIX, 
Figs. 4-9c. 

Wewoka formation: Oklahoma. 

Description.—This is undoubtedly the most common and widely 
distributed gastropod of the Lower Mercer and McArthur limestones, 
but has not been found below the former horizon. It is easily dis¬ 
tinguished by the coarsely nodose carina which occupies the median 
line of the dorsum, and by the large angular transverse plications on 
either side of the carina. As the form grades toward the variety tri- 
carinatus a row of lateral nodes becomes more or less well developed on 
both sides of the median nodose carina. Many of the specimens here 
assigned to P. 'percarinatus show the lateral nodes somewhat developed 
and are really intermediate between P. percarinatus and the variety 
tricarinatus. 

Horizon and locality.—Widely distributed throughout the Lower 
Mercer and McArthur members, c. 


Pharkidonotus percarinatus var. tricarinatus (Shumard) 

1855 Bellerophon percarinatus. Norwood and Pratten, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 
2nd Ser., Vol. Ill, p. 74, PI. IX, Figs. 4 a-c. 

Coal Measures: Grayville, Illinois; Posey County, Indiana; and. 5 miles 
below New Harmony, Indiana. 

1858 Bellerophon tricarinatus. Shumard, Trans. St. Louis Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 204. 
Upper Coal Measures: Kansas. 

Description.— Pharkidonotus percarinatus var. tricarinatus differs 
from P. percarinatus in having a row of well developed, prominent 
nodes occupying the transverse wrinkles on either side of the median 
nodose carina, so that three rows of nodes are present on the dorsum. 
The development of the lateral nodes is a very variable character, and 
differs markedly between young and old specimens, as well as between 
individuals of the same age so that there is a series of forms grading 
gradually from one variety to the other. Only those forms with promi¬ 
nently developed lateral nodes are here assigned to the variety tri¬ 
carinatus , although some of the intermediate forms may possibly belong 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


249 


with it also; however, it is often difficult to determine just where the 
dividing line should be drawn. As thus interpreted the variety tri- 
carinatus is much less common than P. percarinatus. 

Horizon and locality. —Of general distribution throughout the 
Lower Mercer limestone, c. McArthur member: Vinton County, 
Moore mine, Locality 84, c. 

Genus Euphemus McCoy 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox) 

PL XV, figs. 4, 5 

1855 Bcllerophon urii. Norwood and Pratten, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 2nd Ser., 
Vol. 3, p. 75, PI. 9, Figs. 65 a-c. (Non B. urii Fleming, 1828) 

Coal Measures: Galatia and Grayville, Illinois; 5 miles below New Harmony, 
Indiana. 

1857 Bellerophon carbonarius. Cox, Geol. Surv. Ky., Vol. 3, p. 562. 

Coal Measures: Indiana. 

Remarks. —Among the Bellerophon-like forms from the 
Harrison and Sharon ores, several individuals retain indications of 
numerous strong, revolving lines and have been identified as Euphemus 
carbonarius, at least according to the general usage of the term which 
may in reality include several distinct species or varieties. It is also 
present in the Boggs member, although rare, but is common in the 
Lower Mercer and higher Pottsville horizons where it attains a much 
larger size than in the basal members. 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
a. Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, a. Boggs limestone: 
Muskingum County, Locality 26, r. Widely distributed in the Lower 
Mercer limestone, c. Lower Mercer ore: Jackson County, Locality 56, 
r. McArthur member: Vinton County, Localities 83, 84, c. 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall) 

PI. XV, figs. 1-3 * 

1858 Bellerophon nodocarinatus. Hall, Geol. Iowa, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, p. 723, PI. 29, Figs 

15 a-c. 

Coal Measures: Illinois and Iowa. 

Hall’s description. —“Shell subglobose, expanded at the sides, 
without umbilicus. Back and sides of the shell, near the aperture, 
marked by longitudinal or revolving ridges or carinae, about seven or 
eight on each side of the centre; the two central ones of which, in their 
extension forward, become more prominent, and form a kind of double 


250 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


carina which becomes nodose towards the aperture; a broadly concave 
depression on each side of the carina where the shell is thinner, becom¬ 
ing convex and extremely thickened towards the margins.” 

Remarks. —Individuals of this species vary considerably in size 
although they are generally large and robust. The revolving lines on 
the inner lip are sharply marked and the double row of slightly nodose 
carinae are highly elevated near the aperture. The form is common 
in the middle and upper Pottsville formation but has not been found 
below the Lower Mercer limestone. 

Horizon and locality. —Widely distributed in the Lower Mercer 
limestone, c. McArthur limestone: Vinton County, Locality 84, c. 


Genus Bucanopsis Ulrich 
Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow) 

1858 Bellerophon Meekianus. Swallow, St. Louis Acad. Sci. Trans., Vol. 1, p. 204. 

(Date of Imprint, 1860) 

Middle Coal Measures: Lexington, Missouri. 

Lower Coal Measures: Howard County, Missouri. 

1915 Bucanopsis meekiana. Girty, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 544, p. 169, PI. XX, Figs. 

4-6. 

Wewoka formation: Oklahoma. 

Description. —Specimens referred to this species are present in the 
middle and upper Pottsville formation and are relatively common in 
the Lower Mercer limestone. Individuals are generally crushed and 
fragmentary with very little of the outer lip preserved. The surface 
is marked by numerous fine, subequal revolving lirae crossed trans¬ 
versely by lines of a similar character. The slit band is only slightly 
elevated. 

There appears to be very little real difference between the form 
here referred to B. meekiana and the one which Meek identified with 
Geinitz’ species Bellerophon marcouanus, 1 and it does not seem at all 
unlikely that the two forms are identical. However Meek’s species 
differs from typical B. marcouanus as figured by Geinitz in its less highly 
elevated slit band which is to a much less extent affected by the trans¬ 
verse markings than Geinitz’ form. Otherwise B. meekiana and 
Geinitz’ species are so similar that future investigation may prove 
that they are one and the same species. At present B. meekiana seems 
the more apt specific reference for our form. 

Horizon and locality. —Widely distributed throughout the Lower 
Mercer limestone of Muskingum and Licking counties, c. McArthur 
member: Jackson County, Locality 80, c; Vinton County, Locality 84, c. 


J Meek, F. B., U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr., p. 226 ,P1. 4, Fig. 17, 1872. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


251 


Genus Patellostium Waagen 
Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten) 

PI. XIV, figs. 13, 14 

1855 Bellerophon Montfortianum. Norwood and Pratten, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 
2nd Ser, Vol. Ill, p. 74, PI. IX, Figs. 5a-c. 

Coal Measures: Galatia, Illinois, and 5 miles below New Harmony, Indiana. 

Description. —Patellostium montfortianum is common in the Lower 
Mercer limestone but is found less frequently in the higher horizons 
of the Pottsville formation. It generally occurs in a crushed condition 
with little or none of the greatly expanded outer lip preserved. How¬ 
ever, it can be readily recognized by its distinctive surface sculpture 
of large, rounded, revolving lirae, separated by about three to five 
smaller lirae of varying size, and by coarse, angular, transverse folds 
which only slightly affect the slit band. 

Horizon and locality. —Widely distributed in the Lower Mercer 
limestone, c (especially common and characteristic in Muskingum and 
Licking counties). McArthur member: Vinton County, Locality 84, c; 
Hocking County, Locality 86, c. Black Flint member: Jackson County, 
Locality 88, r. 

Family Pleurotomariidae d’Orbigny 

Representatives of this family are very abundant in the Harrison 
and Sharon ores, and at least four forms, possibly more, are thought 
to be present. They occur, like the entire assemblage of fossils from 
these horizons, as internal casts or molds, which show the form but 
give little clue to the external characters. These Pleurotomaria-like 
forms, which are all very small, may prove to be new species, although 
no definite conclusions can be reached concerning them, unless the 
examination of more material may reveal something concerning the 
external markings of the group. In only one species is the surface 
sculpture preserved in the molds. The family ranges throughout the 
Potts ville formation, but is nowhere above the Sharon ore a common 
or characteristic group. 

Genus Pleurotomaria Sowerby 
Pleurotomaria broadheadi White 

1880 Pleurotomaria broadheadi. White, Cont. to Inv. Pal., No. 8, p. 169, PI. 42, 
Figs, la, b. 

Coal Measures: Kansas City, Missouri. 

Remarks. —A fragment of a very large gastropod from the Lower 


252 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Mercer limestone agrees closely with White’s description and figures of 
Pleurotomaria broadheadi. The specimen consists of the two lower 
volutions on which a portion of the external shell is preserved, showing 
the slit band and the rather coarse revolving surface markings. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, 
Flint Ridge, Locality 47, r. 


Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwood and Pratten 
PL XV, fig. 14 

1855 Pleurotomaria carbonaria. Norwood and Pratten, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 
2nd Ser., Vol. 3, p. 75, PI. 9, Fig. 8. 

Coal Measures: Rock Creek, Williamson County, Illinois. 

Remarks. —A number of shells, some in an excellent state of preser¬ 
vation, belong to the general type of Pleurotomaria referred to as P. 
carbonaria. It seems probable that several closely related varieties or 
perhaps species may be included under this term. The specimens 
from the Pottsville formation of Ohio show the slit band deeply de¬ 
pressed as in P. harii, so that it belongs to one of the varieties or phases 
of P. carbonaria, broadly interpreted, which has the deeply impressed 
slit band. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Scioto County, 
Locality 31, r; Licking County, Flint Ridge, Locality 47, r; Stark 
County, Locality 52, r. McArthur member: Hocking County, Locality 
86, r. 


Pleurotomaria coxana Meek and Worthen ? 

1866 Pleurotomaria coxana. Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 272. 

Lower Coal Measures: Nolan’s Furnace, Edmonson County, Kentucky. 

1873 Pleurotomaria coxana. Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 5, p. 600, 
PI. 28, Fig. 15. 

Coal Measures: Nolan’s Furnace, Edmonson County, Kentucky. 

Description.— A single vertically compressed, internal cast of a 
Pleurotomaria from the Lower limestone of Flint Ridge shows the fine, 
thread-like, transverse markings and general form of P. coxana , al¬ 
though slight differences may be ascribed to compression. However, 
until better specimens are obtained with which to verify the identifica¬ 
tion, the exact agreement of the two forms must remain somewhat un¬ 
certain. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, 
Flint Ridge, Locality 47, r. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


253 


Pleurotomaria newportensis White 

1880 Pleurotomaria newportensis. White, Cont, to Pal., No. 8, p. 169, PI. 42, Figs. 
2a, b. 

Coal Measures: Newport, Indiana. 

1887 Pleurotomaria newportensis ? Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 21, PI. 2, 
Fig. 18. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Remarks.—A few crushed specimens of evidently the same form 
which Herrick referred to as Pleurotomaria newportensis ? were found 
among the collections of Lower Mercer and McArthur fossils. The 
somewhat macerated condition of the shells, however, renders the 
identification with White’s species uncertain. The form undoubtedly 
belongs to the same general type of shell as P. carbonaria but differs in 
having the slit band raised as in White’s species. It seems probable 
that P. newportensis represents one of the various phases of P. carbonaria 
and constitutes a variety of that form rather than a distinct species. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Locality 36, r; Licking County, Flint Ridge, Locality 49, r; 
Stark County, Locality 53, r. McArthur limestone: Vinton County, 
Locality 84, r. 


Pleurotomaria ornatiformis n. sp. 

PI. XV, figs 7-13 

Description.—Shell small, height a little less than width; volutions 
five or six in number, the last forming about two-thirds the height of 
the shell. Volutions moderately convex, angular, and shouldered, 
marked centrally by a relatively broad, flat zone bounded by two 
prominent revolving carinae; slit-band situated on the central zone 
between two smaller carinae; region between the shoulder and the 
central flattened area slightly concave, marked by three or four revolv¬ 
ing carinae; region below the slit-band on the last volution convex, 
marked by numerous closely arranged carinae; surface also marked by 
fine, transverse, thread-like lines which turn backward above and for¬ 
ward below the slit-band. Aperture unknown. 

Dimensions.—As these specimens occur as external impressions, 
most of them very fragmental, exact measurements cannot be given. 
However, judging from the material studied, the dimensions of a typical 
individual are approximately: height of shell 7 mm., height of body 
whorl 4.5 mm., width of last volution 9 mm. 

Remarks.—This species is very similar to P. gurleyi Meek and 
Worthen, but can be distinguished by the difference in the position of 
the slit-band. In P. gurleyi it is situated upon or just above the mesial 


254 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


angle, while in the-species under consideration it is on the flat vertical 
zone between the carinae. The form is common in both the Harrison 
and Sharon ores. A few external casts from the Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone of Muskingum County have also been referred with considerable 
doubt to the same species. 

Horizon and locality.—Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
c. Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, c. Lower Mercer limestone: 
Muskingum County, Locality 43, r. 

Pleurotomaria, several species 

Remarks.—Internal casts of small gastropods, evidently of the 
genus Pleurotomaria , are common in the Boggs limestone, but in the 
absence of all surface markings specific determination is impossible. 
Other small gastropods apparently belonging to the same genus and 
in a similar condition of preservation are present in the Upper Mercer 
member. Larger individuals, too poorly preserved for identification, 
occur in the McArthur limestone. 

Horizon and locality.—Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 26, c. Upper Mercer member: Muskingum County, Locality 65, 
r. McArthur member: Jackson County, Locality 80, r. 

Genus Phanerotrema Fischer de Waldheim 


Phanerotrema grayvillense (Norwood and Pratten) 


1855 Pleurotomaria grayvillense. Norwood and Pratten, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 
2nd Ser., Vol. 3, p. 75, PI. 9, Figs. 7a, b. 

Coal Measures: Grayville, Illinois; near mouth of Rush Creek, Posey County, 
Indiana; Shawneetown and Galatia, Illinois. 


Remarks .—Pleurotomaria grayvillense is of rare occurrence in the 
middle and upper Pottsville formation of this State. It is represented 
in the collections studied by a few specimens in a fair state of preserva¬ 
tion, on which the delicate surface markings are distinctly visible. 

Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 25, r; Stark County, Locality 52, r. McArthur limestone: 
Jackson County, Locality 80, r; Vinton County, Locality 84, r. 

Trepospira depressa (Cox) 

1857 Pleurotomaria depressa. Cox, Geol. Rep. Ky., Vol. 3, p. 569, PI. 8, Figs. 10, 10a. 
(Non P. depressa Phillips, 1836) 

Coal Measures: Bonharbour, Daviess County, and Andrie, Muhlenberg 
County, Kentucky. 

1884 Pleurotomaria illinoisensis. Worthen, Bull. -No. 2, Illinois State Mus. Nat. 
Hist., p. 4. 

Coal Measures: Mercer County, Illinois. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


255 


Description.—This form resembles very closely the one described 
by Worthen from the Coal Measures of Illinois as Pleurotomaria illinois- 
ensis, with the exception that the tubercles at the inner angle of the 
volutions are somewhat smaller and more irregularly spaced. It also 
appears identical with the Kentucky form described by Cox as P. 
depressa. The species is characterized by its low depressed spire and 
the sharp outer angle of the last volution. The slightly depressed 
slit-band just above the outer angle of the body whorl is distinctly 
marked. The species has been found only in the Lower Mercer member 
where it is rare. 

Dimensions.—Width 14 mm., height 6 mm., apical angle about 
125 degrees. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Localities 39, 43, r. 

Genus Schizostoma Bronn 

Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad) 

PL XV, figs. 19, 20 

1842 Tnachus catilloides. Conrad, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 1st Ser., Vol. 8, Pt. 2, 
p. 273, PI. 15, Fig. 3. 

Carboniferous: Inclined plane of the Allegheny Mountains, Pa. 

Remarks. —Schizostoma catilloides is common and widely distrib¬ 
uted throughout the Pottsville formation of Ohio. It is present in 
almost every member in which marine fauna occur from the Harrison 
ore at the base to the Black Flint at the top. 

Horizon and locality.—Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, 
a. Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, c. Lowellville member: 
Muskingum County, Locality 19, r. Boggs member: Muskingum 
County, Locality 26, c. Widely distributed in the Lower Mercer and 
McArthur members, c. Black Flint member: Jackson County, Lo¬ 
cality 87, c; Vinton County, Locality 91, r. 

Genus Naticopsis McCoy 

Naticopsis altohensis (McChesney) 

PL XV, fig. 15 

1865 Natica altonensis. McChesney, Ill. New Spec. Foss., P. O., PL 2, Figs. 14 a, b. 
Coal Measures: Alton, Illinois. 

1868 Naticopsis altonensis. McChesney, Trans. Chicago Acad. Sci., Vol. 1, p. 50, 
PL 2, Figs. 14a-c. 

Coal Measures: Alton, Illinois. 


256 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


1873 Naticopsis altonensis ? Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 5, p. 595, 
PI. 28, Figs. 11a, b. 

Coal Measures: Macoupin County, Illinois. 


Description. —A few individuals from the Boggs member agree 
closely with the form figured and described by Meek and Worthen as 
N aticopsis altonensis ?. They are characterized by the large body whorl 
which occupies almost the entire length of the shell, the high shoulder 
and prominent depression above the middle of the volution, together 
with the surface markings of fine, regular, transverse lines which are 
present on that species. The figured specimen which is compressed 
from above, is the most perfect individual obtained. Several, some¬ 
what crushed forms from the Lower Mercer limestone have also been 
referred, to the same species. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs member: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 26, r. Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, Locality 35, r; 
Muskingum County, Locality 27, r; Mahoning County, Locality 55, r. 

Naticopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen) 

1860 Platyostoma nana. Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 463. 

Upper Coa 1 Measures: Springfield, Illinois. 

Remarks. —A few well preserved specimens have been referred to 
Naticopsis nanus with considerable confidence. The species is rare 
although it has been obtained from a number of localities in the Lower 
Mercer, Upper Mercer, and McArthur members. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Localities 27, 43, 45, r; Stark County, Locality 52, r. Upper 
Mercer limestone (?): Mahoning County, Locality 76, r. McArthur 
limestone: Vinton County, Localities 83, 85, r; Hocking County, 
Locality 86, r. 

Naticopsis pulchella n. sp. 

PI. XV, fig. 16 

Description. —Shell small, transversely ovate and explanate in 
outline, width about two-thirds the height; spire small, much depressed, 
scarcely elevated above the body whorl; volutions three, enlarging very 
rapidly in size; body whorl large, ventricose, composing almost the 
entire shell, rounded with greatest curvature just below middle; sutures 
well defined; aperture apparently large, inflated, subcircular to sub- 
ovate in outline. Surface marked by very fine transverse lines of 
growth which curve slightly forward, then backward above the middle 
of the volution; also by two broad, dark revolving color stripes on the 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


257 


upper half of the body whorl which show excellently on the light color 
substance of the shell; indications of color markings on the lower half 
of the whorl which, however, is much discolored by the dark, carbon¬ 
aceous shale in which the shell was embedded. Shell thick. 

Dimensions. —Height 9.5 mm. (slightly crushed); width 14 mm.; 
height of body whorl 8.5 mm. 

Remarks.— In spite of its imperfect condition, this interesting 
little shell differs so markedly from any described species, and shows 
so excellently the color markings which are sometimes retained on 
representatives of the genus Naticopsis, that it seems justifiable to use 
it as the type of a new species. The single specimen which has been 
found is slightly crushed with a portion of the lower half and the end 
of the last volution missing. The species is characterized by its low 
spire and explanate shape (with allowances made for compression). 
It is closely related to Platyceras ? peoriense, N. nanus, and N. splendens, 
but differs from all of these forms, especially from the two latter ones, 
in the above-mentioned ways. The shell is thick, while that of P. ? 
peoriense which it resembles closely is said to be thin. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer black shale: Stark County, 
near East Greenville, Locality 52, r. 

Naticopsis tortum (Meek) 

PI. XV, figs. 17,18 

1871 Platyceras tortum. Meek, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 171. 

Coal Measures: Green town, Summit County, Ohio. 

1875 Platyceras tortum. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 345, PI. 20, Figs. la-c. 

Coal Measures: Greentown, Stark County, Ohio. 

Meek’s description. —“Shell very thin, dextral, attaining about 
a medium size, in young specimens composed of about one and a half 
to two volutions, subglobose, these first turns being contiguous, rounded, 
and rapidly increasing in size, after which the next turn, which com¬ 
poses the larger part of the shell, becomes free, very oblique, and in¬ 
creases more gradually in size, thus making the entire outline very 
obliquely elongate-rhombic; body volution a little flattened on the 
upper slope, subangular above, and somew r hat prominently rounded 
near or below the middle; aperture apparently oval-suborbicular; lip 
without sinuses. Surface non-plicate, and with only moderately dis¬ 
tinct lines of growth.” 

Dimensions. —The dimensions of the figured specimen are: length 
32 mm., width 24 mm., length and width of aperture about 21 mm. 

Remarks. —This species is represented in the collections of Potts- 
ville fossils studied by about six specimens from the McArthur lime¬ 
stone which have been for the most part distorted vertically by press. 


9—G. B. 25. 


258 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


ure. They are preserved as internal casts to which small portions of 
the shell still adhere. The body whorl appears to be much less flattened 
above than is indicated by Meek’s figures. 

Horizon and locality. —McArthur limestone: Vinton County, 
Moore mine, Locality 84, r. 

Naticopsis ventricosus (Norwood and Pratten) 

1855 Natica ventricosa. Norwood and Pratten, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., 2nd Ser., 
Vol. 3, p. 76, PI. 9, Figs. 10a, b. 

Coal Measures: one mile south of New Harmony, Indiana. 

Remarks. —A single, fairly well preserved specimen from the 
Lower Mercer limestone of Muskingum County has the form and 
surface markings of Meek and Worthen’s figure 13a, 1 —a form which 
these writers believed to be the same as that which Norwood and Pratten 
designated as Natica ventrica in spite of somewhat marked differences, J 
real or supposed, which apparently existed. The characters of the 
aperture are not shown on the specimen examined. 

Dimensions. —Height of shell 14 mm., height of body whorl 11 mm., i 
maximum width 13 mm. The specimen examined is slightly distorted 
by pressure. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Symmes Creek, Locality 29, r. 

Genus Trachydomia Meek and Worthen 
Trachydomia sp. 

Remarks. —Two crushed specimens of a gastropod from the 
Lower Mercer and Black Flint members have been referred to the 
genus Trachydomia, but due to the imperfect condition of the shell no 
specific determination is possible. The aperture and the lip are ' 
obscured. However, in its specific relationship it seems most closely 1 
related to T. nodulosa in size and in number and character of surface 1 
nodes. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Locality 38, r. Black Flint member: Vinton County, Lo¬ 
cality 92, r. 

Genus Zygopleura Koken 

Zygopleura plenum (Herrick)? 

PL XVI, figs. 1, 2 

1887 Loxonema sp. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 22, PL 3, Fig. 2. (The specific | 
name L. plenum is suggested on p. 147.) 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge. 


%Ieek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill., Vol. 5, p. 592, PL 28, Fig. 13a, 1873. 




DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


259 


Description. Three fragments of Zygopleura are among the col¬ 
lections at hand, two from the Lower Mercer and one from the McArthur 
limestone. The latter has approximately the same number of costae 
on the whorls and probably an equal number of whorls as Herrick’s 
species, Loxonema plenum, although accurate comparisons cannot be 
made owing to the imperfect condition of the specimen. The Lower 
Mercer specimens which occur in the form of external molds, are re¬ 
ferred to the same species with much less confidence. The costae are 
coarser than those of Herrick’s species, which judging from his figure 
has about twenty to a volution, while the specimens under discussion 
are estimated to have only about sixteen to eighteen to a volution. 
The whorls are somewhat less convex, and the number of volutions 
considerably more than Herrick’s in comparison to the size of the shells. 
Although these differences may be overestimated as our specimens 
are imperfect, nevertheless it does not seem at all unlikely that our 
forms constitute an undescribed species, but for warnt of more and 
better specimens, they are for the present provisionally placed with 
Z. plenum. 

Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Somerset, Locality 35, r; Muskingum County, near Fairview School, 
Locality 45, r. McArthur limestone: Vinton County, Moore mine 
near McArthur, Locality 84, r. 

Zygopleura plicata (Whitfield) 

1882 Loxonema plicatum. Whitfield, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 2, p. 231. 

Coal Measures: Carbon Hill, Hocking County, Ohio. 

1891 Loxonema plicatum. Whitfield, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, p. 601, PI. 15, 

Figs. 14, 15. 

Coal Measures: Carbon Hill, Hocking County, Ohio. 

Description.—An external mold of a small, very slender, high- 
spired gastropod from the Lower Mercer limestone belonging to the 
genus Zygopleura has been referred with some doubt to the above 
species. The apical angle and the width of the volutions are similar 
to those of Z. plicata, while the surface is marked by fourteen to 
sixteen vertical plications. The spire is high and consists of about 
twelve volutions. An external cast also from the Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone has been referred to the same species with more confidence, al¬ 
though in size it is less than two-thirds that of Whitfield’s form. How¬ 
ever, no other essential differences could be noted. 

Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Somerset, Locality 35, r; Licking County, Flint Ridge, Locality 47, r. 


260 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Subgenus Hemizyga Girty 
Hemizyga n. sp. 

PL XV ; fig. 25 

Description.—A small gastropod from the Lower Mercer limestone 
at Bald Knob, Licking County, represents in all probability a new 
species of Hemizyga , but unfortunately an adequate description or 
figure cannot be made on account of the imperfection of the only known 
specimen. The form is preserved as an external mold with the three 
lower volutions almost complete and the remainder of the spire so 
indicated that the height can be fairly accurately observed. The 
following description, although incomplete, shows the features of the 
shell which can be noted: 

Shell small, robust, conical, composed probably of about seven 
volutions; spire median in height; volutions enlarging rapidly in size, 
convex, and apparently regularly rounded; body whorl forming almost 
one-half the length of the spire; sutures well defined. Surface marked 
by numerous sharply elevated, longitudinal ridges about twenty-four 
of which occupy a single volution, crossed by fine, regular, closely 
arranged revolving lines which are sharply defined on the lower half 
of the whorls, but become less distinct on the upper half. 

Dimensions.—Length of shell 10 mm., height of body whorl 4.5 mm., 
width 6 mm. (not the width of the entire shell, but only of the portion 
preserved). 

Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, 
Bald Knob, Locality 46, r. 

Genus Bulimorpha Whitfield 
Bulimorpha inornata (Meek and Worthen) ? 

1860 Loxonema inornata. Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 465. 

Upper Coal Measures: Springfield, Illinois. 

Remarks.—Several small specimens from the Lower Mercer and 
McArthur limestones have been doubtfully referred to Bulimorpha 
inornata to which they seem closely related. However, as their con¬ 
dition of preservation is poor and as B. inornata has been described 
from a much higher horizon in the Coal Measures, our form may not 
represent the same species. A single individual from the Upper Mercer 
member, only 5 mm. in height, also seems closely related to B. inornata 
although its size is much less. 

Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, r; Licking County, Locality 48, r; Stark County, Locality 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


261 


52, r. Upper Mercer: Muskingum County, Locality 28, r. McArthur 
limestone: Vinton County, Locality 84, r. 

Genus Sphaerodoma Keyes 
Sphaerodoma brevis (White) 

PI. XV, figs. 22-24 

1881 Soleniscus brevis. White, U. S. Geog. Surveys west 100 Mer. Rept., Vol. 3, 
Supp. Appendix, p. XXVIII, PI. 4, Figs. 5a-c. 

Carboniferous: Coyote Creek; north of Black Lake; and near Taos, New 
Mexico. 

1813 Sphaerodoma brevis. Girty, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 544, p. 201, PI. XXIV, 
Figs. 8-12a. 

Wewoka formation: Oklahoma. 

Description.—This species appears in the Lower Mercer limestone 
where it is of rare occurrence, but becomes common in the McArthur 
limestone. The shell is small, having the low spire with concave sides 
and the inflated body whorl of White’s species. The single fold on the 
columnella is well shown on some specimens. No essential difference 
can be noted between this form and Figures 25, 26, and 28 of the West 
Virginia form designated by Price as Sphaerodoma ? primigenia var. 
intermedia, 1 which, it seems possible, may prove to be a synonym of 
White’s S. brevis. 

Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, r; Stark County, Locality 52, c. Upper Mercer limestone: 
Holmes County, Locality 73, r. McArthur limestone: Vinton County, 
Locality 84, c. 

Sphaerodoma fusiformis (Hall) ? 

1858 Macrocheilus fusiformis. Hall, Geol. Iowa, Vol. 1, Pt. 2, p. 718, PI. 29, Fig. 7. 
Coal Measures: Alpine Dam, Iowa. 

Remarks.—An internal cast of a high-spired gastropod of median 
size from the Lower Mercer limestone is evidently closely related to 
this species. On the fragment studied five volutions are present which 
show the same form and spiral slope as Sphaerodoma fusiformis , but 
the shell presents insufficient data for satisfactory identification. Sev¬ 
eral imperfect specimens from the McArthur limestone are apparently 
closely related to this species, to which they have been provisionally 
referred. 

Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, r; Muskingum County, Locality 45, r. McArthur lime¬ 
stone: Locality 84, r. 

Trice, W. A., W. Va. Geol. Surv., Preston Co. Report, p. 541, PI. XLIII. 



262 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Sphaerodoma klipparti (Meek) 

PI. XV, fig. 21 

1872 Macrocheilus Klipparti. Meek, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil, for 1871, PI. 328. 

Lower Coal Measures: near Somerset, Perry County, Ohio. 

1875 Macrocheilus Klipparti. Meek, Pal. Ohio, Vol. II, p. 346, PI. 20, Figs. 6a-c. 

Lower Coal Measures: near Somerset, Perry County, Ohio. 

Meek’s description.—“Shell attaining a large size, elongate-sub- 
fusiform, the length being sometimes from two and a half to three 
times the breadth; spire pointed at the apex, forming about half the 
entire length with its lateral slopes concave above and convex below; 
volutions six to eight or nine, the upper five or six being very com¬ 
pactly coiled, and forming comparatively but a small part of the entire 
shell, while those below suddenly increase in size much more rapidly 
than the others, particularly in the direction of the longer axis of the 
shell, and form most of its bulk, these larger turns in large adult ex¬ 
amples sometimes assuming together a subcylindrical outline; last 
or body whorl comparatively long, cylindrical, or more or less oval, 
and somewhat produced below; suture moderately distinct, almost 
transverse between the smaller turns, but becoming decidedly more 
oblique below; aperture comparatively small and narrow, apparently 
subrhombic in form and effuse below; inner lip much thickened all the 
way up; columnella twisted, so as to form a single prominent fold 
below the middle of the aperture. Surface nearly smooth, or only 
showing very obscure lines of growth. Outer lip unknown. 

“Length of one of the largest, most elongate specimens, 2.23 inches; i 
breadth 0.87 inch; length of aperture, about 1 inch.” 

Remarks.—Our specimens agree quite closely with Meek’s descrip¬ 
tion and figures. The species is somewhat common in the Lower 
Mercer’and McArthur members, although the individuals found at any 
one locality are few. The outer lip is not preserved on any of the 
specimens examined, most of them occurring as internal casts. 

Horizon and locality.—Widely distributed in the Lower Mercer 
limestone, c (especially common in Muskingum and Licking counties). 
McArthur limestone: Vinton County, Moore mine, Locality 84, c. 

Sphaerodoma humilis (Keyes) ? 

1888 Macrocheilus humilis. Keyes, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 239, PI. 12, Fig. 1. 

Lower Coal Measures: Des Moines, Iowa. 

Description. Internal casts of small high-spired gastropods from 
the Harrison ore, with a fold on the columnella and apparently no 




DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


2G3 


anterior canal on the outer lip, have been placed under the genus 
Sphaerodoma. Specifically they have been referred rather doubtfully 
to S. humilis, which they seem to resemble closely in contour. Height 
5.5 mm., height of body whorl 3 mm., width of body whorl 3 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Harrison ore: Jackson County, Locality 1, c. 


Sphaerodoma newberryi (Stevens) 

1858 Loxonema newberryi. Stevens, Am. Jour. Sci., 2nd Ser., Vol. 25, p. 259. 

Coal Measures: Danville, Illinois. 

Remarks. About six specimens from the Lower Mercer and 
McArthur limestones in a fairly good state of preservation are in very 
close agreement with Sphaerodoma newberryi in size, number and shape 
of volutions, and in the height and slope of the spire. The fold on the 
columnella is distinctly shown. 

Dimensions. —A specimen of average size measures: height of 
shell 31 mm., height of body whorl 19 mm., width of body whorl 13.5 mm. 

Horizon and locality.— Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, r. McArthur limestone: Vinton County, Localities 83 (r), 
84 (c). 


Sphaerodoma primigenia (Conrad) 

1835 Stylifer primigenia. Conrad, Trans. Geol. Soc. Penn., Vol. 1, p. 267, PI. 12, 
Fig. 2. 

1915 Sphaerodoma primigenia. Girty, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 544, p. 208, PI. XXIV, 
Figs. 13-17a. 

Wewoka formation: Oklahoma. 

Remarks. —A single internal cast of a small gastropod from the 
Sharon ore has been placed with the above species. As may be seen 
from the following measurements, the form from the Sharon ore is 
much smaller than even small specimens of Sphaerodoma primigenia: 
height 12 mm., height of body whorl 7 mm., width of body whorl 10 mm. 

A few rather well preserved specimens from the Lower Mercer and 
McArthur limestones have been assigned to the same species more 
confidently. They are about twice the size of the individual from the 
Sharon ore and resemble S. brevis somewhat closely, but may be dis¬ 
tinguished by their larger size and broader spire, the sides of which are 
straight, not concave as in the latter species. 

Horizon and locality. —Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, r. 
Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, Locality 35, r. McArthur 
limestone: Vinton County, Locality 84, c. 


264 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Sphaerodoma regularis (Cox) 


1857 Loxonema regularis. Cox, Geol. Surv. Ky., Vol. 3, p. 566, PI. 8, Fig. 2. 

Coal Measures: Daviess County, Kentucky. 

Description. —Completely flattened remains'and impressions of a 
high-spired gastropod of median size resembling Sphaerodoma regularis 
are somewhat common in the black shale above the Lower Mercer 
limestone near East Greenville, Stark County. The lower volution is 
wanting on the specimens examined, so that the characters of the 
aperture and columnella are unknown. Twelve volutions which in¬ 
crease gradually and regularly in size are generally present. The form 
is here tentatively referred to S. regularis in the absence of data which 
would render the identification unlikely. A number of complete forms 
from the railroad cut at Somerset and from Flint Ridge, also from the 
Lower Mercer limestone, are preserved sufficiently well to be identified 
with more confidence. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, c; Licking County, Bald Knob, Locality 46, r; Stark County, 
Locality 52, c. 


Sphaerodoma ventricosa (Hall) 

1858 Macrocheilus ventricosus. Hall, Rept. Iowa Geol. Surv., Vol. 1, Pt. 2, PI. 29, 
Fig. 8. (Non Phasianella ventricosa Goldfuss, 1841.) 

Lower Coal Measures: Des Moines Valley, Iowa. 

1913 Sphaerodoma ventricosa. Girty, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 544, p. 213, PI. XXIV, 
Figs. 4, 4a. 

Wewoka formation: Oklahoma. 

Remarks. —A single small individual from the Upper Mercer lime¬ 
stone has been referred to Sphaerodoma ventricosa although the aper¬ 
ture and columnella could not be observed. However, the height of 
the spire and the number and shape of the volutions appear identical 
with that species. About half a dozen specimens from the Lower 
Mercer limestone in a fairly good condition of preservation have been 
identified with S. ventricosa with more confidence. 

Dimensions. —A specimen from the Lower Mercer limestone 
measures: height of shell 13 mm., height of last volution 7 mm., width 
7 mm. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Locality 29, r. Upper Mercer limestone: Holmes County, 
Locality 73, r. 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


265 


Class Conularida 
Genus Conularia Miller 
Conularia crustula White 


1880 Conularia crustula. White, Cont. to Pal., No. 8, p. 170, PI. 42, Fig. 4a. 

Coal Measures: Kansas City, Missouri; near Taos, New Mexico. 

See also Conularia crustula ? Price, W. Va. Geol. Surv., Kanawha County Rept., p. 15, 
PI. II, Figs. 4-6. 

Kanawha Series, Kanawha Black Flint: Queen Shoals, Kanawha County, 
W. Va. 

Description. —A single fragment of a large Conularia from the 
Upper Mercer ore undoubtedly represents the same species as the West 
Virginia form to which Price referred as C. crustula ?, although the 
species may not be the same as White’s. In surface sculpture and 
apparently in size the Upper Mercer form agrees closely with the West 
\ irginia species; a portion of Price’s discussion of the latter form is 
quoted below: 

“Our shell shows the following differences from White’s descrip¬ 
tion: size somewhat larger,—in the middle of each side, instead of a 
furrow, a faint line is seen caused by the slight thickening, the inter¬ 
ruption—the ends not meeting but passing each other slightly—or 
both the thickening and interruption of the transverse, raised striae; 
this thickening of the striae is due in most cases to a division of the 
ribs into two, as may. be seen under a magnifier; where the rib is not 
interrupted the division is represented by a shallow groove in the center 
of the rib; one specimen has its ribs interrupted twice on one side for 
a portion of its length; thickening without interruption, interruption 
and division of the interrupted ends of the striae may all occur on 
different portions of the same side of the shell; no erenulations are 
observable on the striae, but the imperfect state of preservation of the 
material may account for their absence; irregular longitudinal wrinkles 
are seen on some specimens between the ribs. The shell is thin. It 
is not thought that the above points of difference between our shell 
and White’s are of specific value.” 

Another fragment of a small Conularia from the Lower Mercer 
limestone* agrees closely with the published figures of White’s species, 
especially in size, so that the identification is made with considerably 
more confidence. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, 
Flint Ridge, Locality 47, r. Upper Mercer ore: Scioto County, Lo¬ 
cality 59, r. 


10—G. B. 25 


266 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Conularia newberryi Winchell ? 

1865 Conularia newberryi. Winchell, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 130. 

Marshall Group: Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. 

See also 1888 Conularia newberryi ? Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 146, PI. 14, 

Fig. 14. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Description. —Among the collection of Lower Mercer fossils at 
hand are several fragments of a large species of Conularia. The re¬ 
semblance to C. newberryi of the Waverly formation of Ohio is so close 
that identification with that species might be made with considerable 
confidence were it not for the different stratigraphic position of the 
forms and the fragmentary condition of the material at hand. The 
size is approximately the same as that of C. newberryi and the surface 
is marked by sharply elevated, finely crenulated, transverse costae 
separated by wide furrows. The costae are arched forward and are 
either continuous across the median line or terminate abruptly so 
that the ends alternate in position; about ten to twelve costae occupy a 
space of 10 mm. A similar form was figured by Herrick from the 
Lower Mercer limestone at Flint Ridge. Our forms do not show the 
thickening at the inner ends or in the middle of the costae which char¬ 
acterizes the form from the Kanawha Black Flint of West Virginia 
referred to by Price as C. crustula ?A 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, 
Flint Ridge, Locality 48, r. 


Class Cephalopoda 
Genus Orthoceras Breynius 
Orthoceras isogramma Meek 
PI. XVI, figs. 5, 6 

1871 Orthoceras ? isogramma. Meek, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., p. 172. 

Meek’s description. —“The only specimens of this shell that I have 
seen are flattened by accidental pressure. The most nearly perfect 
specimen in the collection is 2.80 inches in length, with a breadth (as 
seen flattened in the matrix), at the larger broken end, of about 0.95 
inch, and with sides diverging from the smaller, rather bluntly pointed 
extremity, at an angle of about 18 degrees. At and near the smaller end 
the surface is marked by very minute, crowded, transverse, or annular 
striae. About three-fourths of an inch farther up, these striae gradually 

Trice, W. A., W. Va. Geol. Surv., Kanawha County Report, p. 15, PI. I'l Figs. 

1 G1 A 




DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


267 


increase in .size, and become more irregular in their arrangement, but 
soon pass above into very regular larger transverse lines, separated by 
spaces about twice as wide as the lines themselves. These spaces 
gradually increase in breadth, until they become five or six times as 
wide as the lines, above which they continue very regular in their 
arrangement, about four of the lines and three of the intervening spaces 
occupying a space of 0.10 inch. Near the smaller end, the flattened 
spaces show what appear to be impressions of septa made visible through 
the thin shell by pressure. Two of these occupy a space of 0.10 inch. 

“As it is seen in the matrix, the very regular transverse lines on the 
fossil give it somewhat the appearance of an attenuated Conularia; 
but as it shows no indications whatever of longitudinal angles or fur¬ 
rows, it cannot belong to that genus, from which it also differs in 
texture, though I am not quite sure that it is an Orthoceras. It will be 
readily distinguished by its surface markings alone, from any species 
of the latter genus hitherto described from our Coal-measures. In its 
surface markings it bears some resemblance to Deutaliwn cinctum de 
Koninck (Am. Foss. Belg., PI. XXII, Fig. 3), which Prof, de Koninck 
afterwards refers to the genus Orthoceras. Our shell, however, is much 
more rapidly tapering, and straight instead of arched. 

“Locality and position. —Newark, Ohio. Lower Coal-measures.” 

Remarks. —This species is represented in the collections at hand 
by three crushed specimens, the most perfect measuring 60 mm. in 
length and 24 mm. in width at the larger end; the others are fragments 
evidently from the broad end of much larger specimens. On the most 
perfect specimen both extremities are incomplete with about three- 
fourths of an inch missing from the ‘pointed end, so that the minute, 
crowded, transverse, or annular striae mentioned by Meek cannot be 
observed. However, with the exception of a few details of surface 
sculpture at this end, the agreement with Meek’s description, in the 
absence of figures, is so exact that there is little doubt that this is the 
form to which his description refers. For a distance of one-half inch 
below the pointed extremity of the specimen at hand, the entire sur¬ 
face, including both the striae and the flattened interspaces, is cov¬ 
ered by very minute transverse lines which are visible only by close 
observation under a microscope; on the remainder of the shell these 
delicate markings have been obliterated. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Somerset, Locality 35, r; Licking County, Flint Ridge, Localities 47 
and 49, r. Upper Mercer limestone: Coshocton County, near Warsaw, 
Locality 72, r. It is probable that Meek’s specimen was obtained 
from Bald Knob, two miles southeast of Newark, Locality 46. 






268 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Orthoceras n. sp. 

Description. — A small, gradually tapering Orthoceras from the 
Sharon ore represents in all probability a new species, but the material 
at hand is too poor for descriptive purposes. The siphuncle is con¬ 
spicuously eccentric, and the septa strongly convex, being situated 
from each other about one-fourth of their diameter. 

Horizon and locality.—Sharon ore: Scioto County, Lick Run, 
Locality 2, c. 

Orthoceras n. sp. 


Description.—Several crushed specimens of a large Orthoceras 
from the Lowellville and Lower Mercer members apparently belong to 
the same species which is undescribed. The material at hand, how 
ever, is too poor and fragmentary for description and figuring. The 
form appears to be gradually tapering, but other characters, such as 
the position of the siphuncle and the ratio of the height of the chambers 
to their diameter cannot be determined. The species can be most 
readily compared with 0. fanslerensis Keyes and 0. colletti Miller, but 
they can be distinguished from the Ohio form by the greater height of 
the chambers. 

Horizon and locality.—Lowellville member ?: Muskingum County, 
Holbein, Locality 20, r. Lower Mercer: Mahoning County, Little Mill 
Creek, r. 

Genus Pseudorthoceras Girty 
Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney) 


1860 Orthoceras knoxensis. McChesney, Desc. New Spec. Foss., p. 69. 

(Date of imprint, 1859.) 

Ccal Measures: Knox County, Missouri. 

1860 Orthoceras crihrosum. Geinitz, Die Carb. und Dyas in Nebr., p. 4, Tab. 1, Fig. 5. 

Dyas: Nebraska City, Nebraska. 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense. Girty, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 544, p. 227, PI. XXVII, 
Figs. 1-6. 

Wewoka formation: Oklahoma. 

Also most or all of the citations, included under Orthoceras rushense , should be included 
under Pseudorthoceras knoxense. 


Description .—Pseudorthoceras knoxense is common in the marine 
limestones of the Pottsville formation, but has not been found below 
the Lowellville member. Although small, representatives vary con¬ 
siderably in size; the form is gradually tapering and the siphuncle is 
central or subcentral in position. The septa are moderately convex 
with about three equaling the diameter of the shell at any point. The 





DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


269 


peculiar pitted surface on the Nebraska form, described b}^ Professor 
Geinitz as 0. cribrosum, is not apparent on the Ohio specimens, but 
this difference is in no way significant as the pitted character was prob¬ 
ably produced by minute parasites and therefore is not of specific im¬ 
portance. 1 

Horizon and locality. —Lowellville member: Muskingum County, 
Localities 19, 21, c. Boggs member: Muskingum County, Localities 
26, 28, c. Widely distributed throughout the Lower Mercer and 
McArthur members, c. 


Genus Coloceras Hyatt 
Coloceras sp. 

Remarks. —A small imperfect specimen from the Sharon ore has 
been referred to the genus Coloceras , although the generic relationships 
are very doubtful. Several larger, more perfect specimens from the 
McArthur limestone have been assigned to-the same genus with more 
confidence, although specific determination seems impossible. How¬ 
ever, the forms from the Shaion and McArthur horizons seem closely 
related. 

Horizon and locality. —Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, r. 
McArthur limestone: Jackson County, Locality 80, r; Hocking County, 
Locality 86, r. 


Genus Metacoceras Hyatt 
Metacoceras pottsvillensis n. sp. 

PI. XVI, figs. 7, 8 

Description. —Shell about median in size, consisting of a little 
more than two closely coiled volutions which increase rather gradually 
in size. Whorl section subquadrate, a little wider than high, the dimen¬ 
sions near the living chamber being: width 26 mm., height 21.5 mm. 
Ventral surface very slightly convex; sides flattened and converging a 
little toward the ventrilateral shoulders; impressed zone of dorsum 
about 15 mm. in width, deeply concave, forming a sharply acute angle 
along the median line; sides of dorsum between impressed zone and 
umbilical shoulders broad, slightly convex; umbilical shoulders sharply 
angular, forming widest portion of volutions, situated about one-third 
the distance from the dorsal edge to the ventrum; ventrilateral shoulders 
angular, marked by prominent highly elevated nodes which are situ¬ 
ated opposite each other on either side of the ventrum, 15 to 17 mm. 


x Meek, F. B., U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr., p. 234, 1872. 



270 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


intervening from crest to crest on the last volution. Sutures about 
7 mm. apart near the living chamber but gradually becoming closer 
together, about 5 mm. intervening at the beginning of the second 
whorl; ventral lobe deep but regularly convex; lateral lobe rather nar¬ 
row, not so deeply convex as ventral lobe; lobe on impressed zone 
deeply convex and angular along the median line; dorsal lobe flattened 
and scarcely perceptible; saddles abruptly curved on ventrilateral 
angles, less so on umbilical shoulders and almost imperceptible on the 
angles on either side of the impressed zone. Siphuncle centridorsal. 
Shell thin and where preserved marked by extremely fine revolving lines. 

Dimensions. —Greatest diameter of shell exclusive of living chamber 
which is incomplete, 72 mm. 

Remarks. —This species of Metacoceras seems most closely related 
to M. cornutum and M. dubium. From the former it differs principally 
in having the whorls narrower in comparison to the height, the impressed 
zone narrower and more angular, and the nodes farther apart and 
situated opposite each other on either side of the ventrum, while in 
M. cornutum they occupy alternate positions. From M. dubium it can 
be distinguished by the narrower outline of the whorls, and by the 
form of the venter, which in M. dubium is marked by longitudinal swell¬ 
ings on either side of a depressed central zone . The Ohio form is repre¬ 
sented in the collections studied by a single specimen from the Lower 
Mercer limestone. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer member: Lawrence County, 
near Hanging Rock, Locality 30, r. 


Metacoceras sp. 

Description.— The fragments of the outer whorl of two individuals 
probably belonging to the genus Metacoceras and apparently represent- , 
ing two distinct species are present in the McArthur limestone. The 
nodes on the ventrilateral shoulders are highly elevated and are more 
closely arranged on one specimen than on the other. The material at 
hand, however, is too crushed and imperfect to render specific determi¬ 
nation possible. 

Horizon and locality. — McArthur limestone: Hocking County, 
mine of Logan Clay Products Co., Locality 86, r. 


Genus Endolobus Meek and Worthen 


Endolobus (Temnocheilus ?) ortoni (Whitfield) 

1882 Nautilus ortoni. Whitfield, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 2, p. 231. 

Coal Measures: Springfield, Summit County, Ohio. 

1891 Nautilus ortoni. Whitfield, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., Vol. 5, p. 601, PI. 16, Fig. 20. 
Coal Measures: Springfield, Summit County, Ohio. 




DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


271 


Whitfield’s description. —“Shell of median size, and consisting of 
about two and a half or three closely coiled volutions, but which are 
not at all embracing; the outer one being simply in close contact with 
the medio-dorsal portion of the next within, and exposing nearly the 
entire dorso-ventral diameter of the shell. Volutions transversely 
subpentangular, being angularly convex on the back, strongly subangular 
on the sides and concave on the abrupt umbilical slope, which forms 
a somewhat sigmoidal curve resembling an ogee molding, while the 
slightly concave ventral surface is quite narrow, and forms a fifth 
surface. Lateral angles obtuse or round subangular, and ornamented 
by a series of nodes which are strong and very distinct on the inner 
coil, broad and rounded on the first part of the last volution and be¬ 
come obsolete on the outer third. The substance of the shell has been 
very thick and strong, and the surface shows no evidence of growth 
markings or striae. Septa and other internal features unknown.” 

Remarks. —Two specimens from the Lower Mercer limestone of 
Muskingum County have been referred to this species; although the 
better specimen is imperfect, nevertheless characters similar to those 
of Whitfield’s species are preserved with sufficient distinctness, so that 
the identification can be made with a considerable degree of confidence. 
This specimen was found projecting from a loose block of limestone in 
the bed of Blunt Run, and the surface has consequently suffered some¬ 
what from weathering. However, the nodes on the lateral angles are 
retained with sufficient distinctness to indicate their similarity in form, 
proximity, and position to Whitfield’s species. From a small portion 
near the end of the last volution they are apparently wanting, while 
on the inner coil they are strongly marked and closely arranged. Septa 
not shown. 

The second specimen is referred to the same species much less 
confidently. It consists of a fragment of one and one-half volutions 
in a poor state of preservation. Apparently it could be referred almost 
equally as well to Temnocheilus forbesianus although the lateral nodose 
angles are situated too close to the impressed zone and the intervening 
area is too abruptly sloping. However, these differences may have 
been produced by lateral compression. 

Horizon and locality. — Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum 
County, Blunt Run, Locality 27, r; Symmes Creek, Locality 29, r. 

\ 

Genus Temnocheilus McCoy 

1 

Temnocheilus forbesianus (McChesney) 

1860 Nautilus forbesianus. McChesney, Desc. New Pal. Foss., p. 63. 

Coal Measures: Mercer County, Illinois. 

1865 Nautilus forbesianus. McChesney, New Spec. Foss.. PI. 3, Figs. 4a-b. 


272 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Remarks. — Temnocheilus forbesianus is represented in the collec¬ 
tions studied by several fragments of the outer volution which preserve 
fairly well the characters of the surface and show the outline of the 
cross section of the volution. 

Horizon and locality. —Boggs memb&r: Muskingum County, Lo¬ 
cality 26, r. 

Genus Ephippioceras Hyatt 
Ephippioceras sp. 

Description. —A crushed fragment near the living chamber of an 
individual belonging to the genus Ephippioceras was obtained from the 
Lower Mercer limestone of Muskingum County. The species is much 
larger in size than E. ferratus, and is probably comparable in this 
respect to E. divisus. The sutures, which are sharply marked, are 
similar to those of the latter species. Specific determination, however, 
is impossible from the scanty material at hand. 

Dimensions. —Width of volution near living chamber (almost 
complete) 90 mm., length of fragment 80 mm. 

Horizon and locality. —Lower Mercer: Muskingum County, Sym- 
mes Creek, Locality 29, r. 

PHYLUM ARTHROPODA 
Class Crustacea 

SUBCLASS TRILOBITA 

Genus Phillipsia Portlock 
Phillipsia sangamonensis Meek and Worthen 

1865 Phillipsia ( Grifithides ?) Sangamonensis. Meek and Worthen, Proc. Acad. Nat. 

Sci. Phil., p. 271. 

Upper Coal Measures: Springfield, Illinois. 

1873 Phillipsia ( Grijfithidesl ) Sangamonensis. Meek and Worthen, Geol. Surv. Ill, 

Vol. 5, p. 615, PI. 32, Fig. 4. 

Upper Coal Measures: Springfield, Illinois. 

1915 Phillipsia sangamonensis. Girty, U. S. Geol. Surv., Bull. 544, p. 265, PI. XVIII 

Figs. 10-13a. 

Wewoka formation: Oklahoma. 

Description. —Pygidia are present in the Lower Mercer limestone 
of Muskingum and Licking counties and also in the McArthur lime¬ 
stone which have been referred to Phillipsia sangamonensis. No re¬ 
mains of the cephalon or thorax have been found. Eighteen segments 
are present on the mesial lobe and eleven or twelve on the lateral lobes; 


DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 


273 


the surface is either smooth or marked by faint traces of fine granules. 
The pygidium of P. sangamonensis is described by Meek and Worthen 
as follows: 

“Pygidium semi-elliptic, slightly wider than long, and rather con¬ 
vex, distinctly narrower and a little longer than the cephalic shield, 
narrowing backwards, and narrowly rounded at the posterior extremity. 
Mesial lobe prominent, a little flattened on each side, and narrower 
than the lateral lobes, from which it is distinctly separated by broad 
strong furrows; tapering gradually backwards, and terminating rather 
abruptly near one-third its own length from the posterior margin, so 
as to leave a broad, nearly flat, or more or less sloping, smooth border, 
which extends along each side the whole length of the pygidium, but 
becomes narrower anteriorly; segments of mesial lobe seventeen or 
eighteen, well defined, rounded, and very nearly or quite straight. 
Lateral lobes more depressed, and about one-third or one-fourth wider 
than the mesial lobe, rounding down rather abruptly to the lateral 
margins; segments nine or ten, rounded, simple, and separated by 
distinct furrows; all terminating abruptly at the inner edge of the 
broad, smooth marginal zone. 

“Entire surface apparently very nearly smooth.’’ 

Dimensions.—Length of pygidium 14 mm., width 17.5 mm. 

Remarks.—Two other closely related forn^s are P. missouriensis 
and P. major, which, as suggested by Girty, may represent the same 
species as P. sangamonensis, especially the first-mentioned form. P. 
missouriensis is described as having eighteen segments on the mesial 
lobe and eleven on the lateral lobes, which agrees exactly with the 
Ohio form; no other essential differences can be noted although Shu- 
mard gave no figures of his species. P. major is a considerably larger 
form with twenty-two or twenty-three segments on the mesial lobe and 
twelve or thirteen on the lateral lobes, but these are differences which 
can be accounted for by age; likewise, no illustrations are given of the 
species. The form under discussion is, however, practically identical, 
with the exception of size, with the specimen which Meek identified 
with some doubt as P. major, 1 and which he states is smaller and some¬ 
what narrower than Shumard’s species. As neither P. missouriensis or 
P. major was figured, and as the latter is described as typically 
larger with a greater number of segments, it seems best for the pres¬ 
ent to refer the Ohio form to P. sangamonensis although it is not un¬ 
expected that that species is the same as P. missouriensis and possibly 
as P. major. 

Horizon and locality.—Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, 
Locality 35, <r; Muskingum County, Locality 43, c; Licking County, 
Localities 46 (r), Flint Ridge, 47, 49 , (c). 

Meek, F. B., U. S. Geol. Surv. Nebr., p. 238, PI. 3, Figs. 2a, c, 1872. 


274 


POTTSVILLE FAUNA OF OHIO 


Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick • 

Pl. XVI, fig. 9 

1887 Phillipsia trinucleata. Herrick, Bull. Den. Univ., Vol. 2, p. 64, PI. 1, Fig. 23; 

PI. 2, Fig. 32; PI. 3, Fig. 21. 

Coal Measures: Flint Ridge, Ohio. 

Remarks.—Several small pygidia from the Sharon ore are here 
referred to Phillipsia trinucleata, but they differ from Herrick’s species 
in the absence of the minute granules on the surface. These granules, 
however, are so minute that they may easily have been destroyed. The 
form is relatively common in the middle and upper Pottsville formation, 
especially in the Lower Mercer and Black Flint members where some 
specimens show distinct traces of a finely granulose surface. 

Horizon and locality.—Sharon ore: Scioto County, Localities 2 (r), 
6 (c). Lower Mercer member: Muskingum County, Localities 27, 43, 
c; Licking County, Localities 46 (r), Flint Ridge, 47 (r), 48 (c). Upper 
Mercer member: Muskingum County, Locality 68, r. Black Flint: 
Jackson County, Locality 87, c; Vinton County, Locality 91, r. 

PHYLUM VERTEBRATA 
Class Pisces 
Fish Remains 

Remarks.—Fish remains were found at several horizons in the 
Pottsville formation,—in the Sharon, Bear Run, Lowellville, and Boggs 
members. They are, however, rare, and are represented by isolated 
teeth and a few plates. 

Horizon and locality.—Sharon ore: Scioto County, Locality 2, r. 
Bear Run member: Vinton County, Locality 17, r. Lowellville mem¬ 
ber ?: Muskingum County, Locality 20, r; Mahoning County, Locality 
22, r. Boggs member: Vinton County, Locality 25, r. 









X 












































































































































































r* 













DESCRIPTION OF FOSSILS 


Figs. 1, 2. 

Fig. 3. 

Fig. 4. 

Figs. 5, 6. 

Figs. 7, 8. 

Figs. 9 to 13. 

Figs. 14, 15. 

Figs. 16, 17. 

Figs. 18 to 20. 

Fig. 21. 


PLATE VI 


Textularia sp. __ 

Upper Mercer flint: Muskingum County, near Rock Cut, 
Locality 28. x9 

Longitudinal sections of two specimens. 

Fusulina secalica (Say)-- 

Upper Mercer flint: Muskingum County, near Rock Cut, 
Locality 28. x9 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden)--!- 

Upper Mercer flint: Coshocton County, east of Mohawk 
village, Locality 70. x9 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime)-— 

Fig. 5. A specimen of average size. 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, near 
White Cottage, Locality 36. 

Fig. 6. A large specimen. 

Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, Somerset, 
Locality 35. Hyde collection 827. 

Eupachycrinus mooresi (Whitfield)_ 

Upper Pottsville (McArthur)?: Hocking County, Carbon 
Hill. 

Fig. 7. Basal view of calyx showing attachment of second 
radial plates and spines to first radial plates. 

Fig. 8. Second radial plate showing the character of spine. 

Crinoid stems ___ 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, Symmes 
Creek, Locality 29. 

Fig. 9. Transverse view of single segment. 

Figs. 10, 11, 12, 13. Longitudinal views of several varieties 
• of stems. 

Archaeocidaris spines ___ 

Fig. 14. Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, Somer¬ 
set, Locality 35. Hyde collection 820. 

Fig. 15. “Squeeze.” 

Lower Mercer limestone: Scioto County, Vernon 

Township, Locality 31. 

Streblotrypa merceri n. sp___ 

Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Bald Knob, 
Locality 46. 

Fig. 16. The holotype enlarged. x24 
Fig. 17. Same, natural size. 

Bascomella gigantea n. gen. and n. sp__ 

McArthur limestone: Jackson County, Monroe Furnace, 
Locality 80. 

Fig. 18. A typical zoarium; cotype. x4 
Fig. 19. Lateral view of an ovoid body. x8 
Fig. 20. Top view of an ovoid body. x8 

Prismopora sereata (Meek)_ 

McArthur limestone: Vinton County, Moore mine, Lo¬ 
cality 84. 

(276) 


/ 


Page 

152 

153 

153 

154 

154 

155 

156 

164 

157 

165 














PLATE VI. 














278 


PLATE VII 

Page 

Figs. 1 to 3. Lingula carbonaria Shumard_ 166 

Fig. 1. Anthony coal horizon: Scioto County, near 
Scioto Furnace, Locality 7. x2 
Figs. 2, 3. Upper Mercer member: Vinton County, Elk 
Township, Locality 60. x2 

Fig. 4. Glossina waverlyensis (Herrick)____ 169 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, southeast 
of Frazeysburg, Locality 43. 

“Squeeze” of external mold. 

Figs. 5 to 8. Orbiculoidea stoutella n. sp___ 173 

Harrison ore: Jackson County, Hamilton Township, 
Locality 1. 

Fig. 5. Internal cast of dorsal valve of a cotype showing 
internal markings. x2 
Fig. 6. Internal cast of another cotype. 

Fig. 7. Another cotype on which portions of the shell are 
preserved. 

Fig. 8. Lateral view of a cotype showing the normal con¬ 
vexity of the species. 

Figs. 9, 10. Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden)_ 176 

Fig. 9. Ventral valve showing average size of specimens 
from the Lowellville member. 

Lowellville member: Muskingum County, Poverty 
Run, Locality 19. 

Fig. 10. Dorsal valve showing average size of specimens 
from the Lower Mercer limestone. 

Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Bald 
Knob, Locality 46. 

Fig. 11. Derbya robusta (Hall)___ 177 

Internal cast of dorsal valve. 

Lower Mercer member: Scioto County, Vernon Township, 
Locality 31. 

Fig. 12. Aulacorhynchus millepunctatus Meek and Worthen_ 180 

Internal mold. 

Lower Mercer member: Scioto County, Vernon Township, 
Locality 31. 

Fig. 13. Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou)_ 175 

After Mark. Conemaugh formation: Ames limestone, 
Deersville, Ohio. x2 
Ventral valve. 

Figs. 14, 15. Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten_ 179 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, southeast 
of Frazeysburg, Locality 43. 

Fig. 14. Ventral valve. 

Fig. 15. Dorsal valve. 

Figs. 16 to 18. Chonetes choteauensis Mather_ 178 

Lowellville member: Muskingum County, Poverty Run, 
Locality 19. 

Figs. 16, 17. Ventral valves of two specimens with shell 
partly preserved showing punctate structure. x2 

Fig. 18. Ventral valve, showing character of spines on the 
hinge line. x2 











PLATE VII. 
















































































■ . 


























































































280 


PLATE VIII 


Figs. 1 to 3. 


Figs. 4,5. 


Fig. 6. 


Fig. 7. 


Produdus cora d’Orbigny--- 

Fig. 1, Ventral valve of specimen of average size. Lower 
Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, near Fairview 
School, Locality 45. 

Fig. 2. Dorsal valve. Lower Mercer limestone: Licking 
County, Flint Ridge, Locality 47. 

Fig. 3. Exterior of dorsal valve. Same locality. 

Produdus semireticulatus (Martin) var---- 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, Symmes 
Creek, Locality 29. 

Fig. 4. Ventral valve showing the fine, regular, concentric 
markings in the umbonal region. 

Fig. 5. Ventral valve of another specimen. 

Produdus semireticulatus (Martin)- 

Ventral valve of a specimen of typical size. Lower Mercer 
limestone: Muskingum County, Blunt Run, Locality 27. 

Pustula symmetricus (McChesney)- 

Lower Mercer member: Perry County, Somerset, Loca’ity 


35. . 

External mold of dorsal valve showing the trifid cardinal 
process. Hyde collection 828. 

Fig. 8. Pustula pertenuis (Meek)__- 

After Mark. Conemaugh formation: Ames limestone, 
New Concord, Ohio. 

Ventral valve. x2 

Fig. 9. Pustula pundatus (Martin)- 

After Mark. Conemaugh formation: Cambridge lime¬ 
stone, Cambridge, Ohio. 

Ventral valve. 

Figs. 10 to 13. Composita subtilita (Hall)- 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, southeast of 
Frazeysburg, Locality 43. 

Fig. 10. Dorsal valve. 

Fig. 11. Ventral valve. 

Fig. 12. Lateral view. 

Fig. 13. Front view. 



181 

183 

182 

183 

192 












PLATE VIII 









9 












PLATE IX 


Figs. 1 to 5. Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty- 

Upper Pottsville (McArthur)?: Hocking County, Carbon 
Hill. 

Fig. 1. Dorsal valve. xl§ 

Figs. 2, 3. Ventral valves. xl£ 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, near White 
Cottage, Locality 36. 

Fig. 4. Ventral valve. 

Fig. 5. Dorsal valve. 

Figs. 6 to 10. Marginifera wabashensis (Norwood and Pratten)- 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, near White 
Cottage, Locality 36. 

Figs. 6, 7, 8. Ventral valves of three specimens. xl| 

Fig. 9. Lateral view of Fig. 6 showing the normal con¬ 
vexity of the species. 

Fig. 10. After Mark. Ventral valve. Conemaugh forma¬ 
tion: Cambridge limestone, Norwich, Ohio. 

Figs. 11, 12. Spirifer cameratus Morton_ 

After Mark. Conemaugh formation: Cambridge lime¬ 
stone, Langsville, Ohio. 

Fig. 11. Dorsal valve. 

Fig. 12. Ventral valve. 

Figs. 13 to 20. Spirifer opimus Hall___ 

Upper Pottsville (McArthur)?: Hocking County, Carbon 
Hill. 

Figs. 13, 14, 15. Dorsal valves of three specimens. 

Figs. 16, 17, 18, 19, 20. Ventral valves of five specimens 
showing variations in form. 

Figs. 21 to 25. Spirifer boonensis Swallow?_ 

Boggs limestone: Muskingum County, near Hopewell P. 

O., Locality 18. 

Figs. 21, 22. Ventral valves. 

Fig. 23. Internal cast of ventral valve. 

Figs. 24, 25. Dorsal valves of two specimens. 

Figs. 26, 27. Squamularia perplexa (McChesney)__ 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, Blunt 
Hun, Locality 27. 

Fig. 26. Ventral valve. 

Fig. 27. Dorsal valve of same specimen. 

Figs. 28, 29. Hustedia mormoni (Marcou)__ J_ 

After Mark. Conemaugh formation: Ames limestone, 
Steubenville, Ohio. 

Fig. 28. Dorsal valve. x2 
Fig. 29. Lateral view. x2 









PLATE IX. 
















































































































































































































































































































284 


PLATE X 


Page 


Figs. 1, 2. Solenomya ? ? sharonensis n. sp--- 194 

Sharon ore: Scioto County, near mouth of Lick Run, 


Locality 2. 

Fig. 1. Internal cast of right valve of holotype. x2 
Fig. 2. Same, natural size. 

Fig. 3. Solenomorpha lamborni n. sp- 195 

Sharon ore: Scioto County, near mouth of Lick Run, 
Locality 2. 

Right valve of a cotype. x2 

Figs. 4, 5. Edmondia gibbosa (McCoy)_ 197 


Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, southeast 
of Fairview School, Locality 45. 

Fig. 4. Right valve. 

Fig. 5. “Squeeze” of right valve of another specimen. 


Fig. 6. Edmondia meekiana (Herrick)?_ 198 

Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Flint Ridge, 
Locality 47. 

Right valve. 

Fig. 7. Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek_ 197 

After Mark. Conemaugh formation: Portersville lime¬ 
stone, Portersville, Ohio. 

Left valve. 

Figs. 8, 9. Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen_ 199 


Fig. 8. “Squeeze” of right valve. Lower Mercer: Licking 
County, Bald Knob, Locality 46. 

Fig. 9. Left valve. Lower Mercer: Muskingum County, 
southeast of Fairview School, Locality 45. 

Figs. 10 to 13. Nucula elongata n. sp___— 201 

Sharon ore: Scioto County, near mouth of Lick Run, 
Locality .2. 

Fig. 10. Internal cast of left valve of a cotype. x2 
Fig. 11. Same, slightly above natural size. 

Fig. 12. Right valve of another cotype. x2 
Fig. 13. Side view in outline. x2 

Figs. 14 to 16. Nucula subrotundata Girty mss- 203 

After Girty. Morrow formation: Arkansas. 

Fig. 14. Left valve of a cotype. x3 

Fig. 15. Right valve of same cotype. x3 

Fig. 16. Side view of same cotype in outline. x3 

Figs. 17 to 19. Nucula lunulata Girty mss. _ 202 

After Girty. Morrow formation: Arkansas. 

Fig. 17. Right valve of a cotype. x3 
Fig. 18. Posterior view of same cotype showing the well 
defined lunule. x3 

Fig. 19. Anterior view of same cotype. x3 

Fig. 20. Nuculopsis ventricosa (Hall)_ 204 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, near White 
Cottage, Locality 36. 

Specimen showing both valves. 

Fig. 21. Anthraconeilo bownockeri n. sp_ 208 

Sharon ore: Scioto County, near mouth of Lick Run, 
Locality 2. 

Internal cast of left valve of holotype. x2 

(Continued on page 285) 













PLATE X. 























































































































































































* 


























285 


Figs. 22 to 24. 


Figs. 25, 26. 


Fig. 27. 


Figs. 28, 29. 


Figs. 30, 31. 


PLATE X—Continued. 

Leda inflata Girty mss__ 

After Girty. Morrow formation: Oklahoma. 

. Fig. 22. Right valve of a cotype. x2 
Fig. 23. Left valve of same cotype. x2 
Fig. 24. Dorsal view of same cotype. x2 

Leda meekana Mark_ 

After Mark. Conemaugh formation: Portersville lime¬ 
stone, Portersville, Ohio. 

Fig. 25. Right valve. x4 
Fig. 26. Same, natural size. 

Leda bellistriata Stevens__ 

Lower Mercer member: Perry County, Somerset, Lo¬ 
cality 35. 

Left valve. Hyde collection 819. 

Leda prolongata n. sp_ 

Fig. 28. Right valve of holotype, not entirely uncovered, 
slightly enlarged. Lower Mercer member: Muskingum 
County, Fairview School, Locality 45. 

Fig. 29. Right valve of another more perfect specimen, 
showing more closely the real outline and convexity of 
the species, slightly enlarged. Lower Mercer member: 
Perry County, Somerset, Locality 35. Hyde collection 
818. 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen)_ 

After Mark. Conemaugh formation: Portersville lime¬ 
stone, Portersville, Ohio. 

Fig. 30. Left valve showing the average size of specimens 
from the Lower and Upper Mercer members. 

Fig. 31. Same showing average size of specimens from 
the Harrison and McArthur members. 


Page 

205 


206 


204 


206 


210 







286 


PLATE XI 


Figs. 1, 2. 


Figs. 3, 4. 


Figs. 5, 6. 


Figs. 7 to 9. 


Figs. 10 to 12. 


Fig. 13. 


Fig. H. 


Page 


Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek and Worthen)- 

Upper Pottsville (McArthur)?: Hocking County, Carbon 
Hill. 

Fig. 1. Right valve, slightly enlarged. 

Fig. 2. Left valve, slightly enlarged. 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Meek and Worthen)- 

Lower Mercer limestone: Perry County, Somerset, Lo¬ 
cality 35. 

Fig. 3. Right valve. Hyde collection 824. 

Fig. 4. Left valve. Hyde collection 825. 

Myalina pernaformis (Cox) var--- 

Harrison ore: Jackson County, Hamilton Township, 
Locality 1. 

Fig. 5. Internal cast of left valve. 

Fig. 6. Internal cast of a portion of a right'valve. 

Myalina pernaformis (Cox)- v --- 

Boggs member: Muskingum County, near Hopewell P. O., 
Locality 26. 

Left valves of three specimens. 

Myalina recurvirostris var. sinuosa n. var- 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, near Adams 
Mills, Locality 42. 

Fig. 10. Left valve of a large specimen showing the ex¬ 
tended hinge line. 

Fig. 11. Left valve of a smaller individual. 

Fig. 12. Interior of left valve showing the recurved beak. 

Myalina swallovi McChesney- 

Lower Mercer member: Holmes County, Millersburg, 
Locality 57. 

Left valve. 

Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek- 

Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Bald Knob, 
Locality 46. 

Right valve. 


209 


210 


218 


217 


219 


219 


244 _ 









PLATE XI. 















































































































































































■ 




































































288 




PLATE XII 


Page 


Figs. 1 to 4. 


Figs. 5, 6. 


Figs. 7 to 9. 


Figs. 10 to 13. 


Figs. 14 to 16. 


Fig. 17. 


Fig. 18. 


Fig. 19. 


Posidonia girtyi n. sp-- 

Lower Mercer member: Vinton County, Rock Hollow, 
Locality 34. 

Figs. 1,2. Right valves of two cotypes of medium size 
showing small anterior auricle. 

Figs. 3, 4. Left valves of two cotypes of large size. 

Posidonia vintonensis n. sp- 

Lower Mercer member: Vinton County, Rock Hollow, 
Locality 34. 

Fig. 5. Right valve of a cotype. x2 
Fig. 6. Left valve of another cotype. x2 

Naiadites elongata Dawson- 

Figs. 7, 8. Right and left valves of two specimens show¬ 
ing the usual condition of preservation. x2 Bear Run 
coal member: Vinton County, Elk Fork, Locality 17. 
Fig. 9. Right valve of the most perfect individual found; 
slightly enlarged. Sharon ore: Scioto County, head of 
Higgins Run, John Alexander mine, Locality 3. 

Naiadites ohioense n.sp- 

Sharon ore: Scioto County, head of Higgins Run, John 
Alexander mine, Locality 3. 

Figs. 10, 11. Right valves of two cotypes, slightly en¬ 
larged. 

Fig. 12. Left valve of another cotype, slightly enlarged. 
Fig. 13. Dorsal view of same specimen shown in Fig. 10. x2 

Schizodus subcircularis Herrick-- 

McArthur member: Jackson County, Monroe Furnace, 
Locality 80. 

Figs. 14, 15. Right valves. 

Fig. 16. Left valve of another specimen. 

Schizodus affinis Herrick- 

McArthur member: Jackson County, Monroe Furnace, 
Locality 80. 

Left valve. 

Schizodus amplus Meek and Worthen ?- 

Boggs member: Muskingum County, near Hopewell P. O., 
Locality 26. 

Left valve imperfect in the posterior portion showing the 
muscle scars and pallial line. 

Placunopsis ? recticardinalis Meek- 

Lower Mercer member: Licking County, Flint Ridge, 
Locality 47. 

“Squeeze” of left valve showing superimposed markings. 


214 


216 


220 


221 


225 


223 


222 


233 










PLATE XII. 




























































































' 

















































































- 









- 










290 


Figs. 1, 2. 


Figs. 3, 4. 


Figs. 5, 6. 


Figs. 7, 8. 


Fig. 9. 


Fig. 10. 


Figs. 11 to 13. 


Fig. 14. 


Fig. 15. 


Figs. 16, 17. 



PLATE XIII 


Page 


Schizodus cuneatus Meek_ 223 

Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Flint Ridge, 
Locality 47. 

Fig. 1. Right valve. 

Fig. 2. Left valve. 

Aviculopecten herzeri Meek_ 226 

Fig. 3. After Mark. Conemaugh formation: Porters- 
ville limestone, Portersville, Ohio. 

Left valve showing the average size of specimens from the 
Pottsville formation. 

Fig. 4. McArthur member: Vinton County, Elk Town¬ 
ship, Moore mine, Locality 84. 

“Squeeze” of left valve of an extremely large specimen. 

Deltopecten scalaris Herrick__ 228 

Lower Mercer member: Scioto County, Vernon Township, 
Locality 31. 

Fig. 5. “Squeeze” of left valve of a specimen of average 
size. 

Fig. 6. Internal cast of left valve showing delthyrium. 

Crenipecten foerstii Herrick_ 230 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, southeast 
of Frazeysburg, Locality 43. 

Fig. 7. Left valve. xl£ 

Fig. 8. Right valve. 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow)_ 232 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, Rock Cut, 
Locality 28. 

Left valve of specimen of average size. 

Lima retifera Shumard_ 233 

After Mark. Conemaugh formation: Portersville lime¬ 
stone, Portersville, Ohio. 

Right valve showing average size of the species in the 
Pottsville formation. 

Astartella concentrica (Conrad)_ 241 

Fig. 11. Right valve. Lower Mercer member: Perry 
County, Somerset, Locality 35. x2 Hyde collection 826. 

Fig. 12. Right valve. Upper Pottsville (McArthur)?: 

Hocking County, Carbon Hill, Ohio. Slightly enlarged. 

Fig. 13. Left valve, slightly enlarged. Same locality. 


Astartella newberryi Meek_ 242 

Lower Mercer limestone: Muskingum County, southeast of 
Frazeysburg, Locality 43. 

Left valve. 

Allerisma terminate Hall_ 234 

Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Flint Ridge, 
Locality 48. 

Left valve. 

Pleurophorella sesquiplicata Price_ 235 


Lower Mercer member: Vinton County, Rock Hollow, 
Locality 34. 

Fig. 16. “Squeeze” of right valve of average size. 

Fig. 17. Right valve of another specimen. x2 
(Continued on page 291) 












PLATE XIII. 
























291 


PLATE XIII—Continued 

Figs. 18, 19. Pleurophorella geinitzi (Meek)..... 

After Mark. Conemaugh formation:Portersville limestone, 
Portersville, Ohio. 

Fig. 18. “Squeeze” of right valve. x5 
Fig. 19. Same, natural size. 

Figs. 20, 21. Pleurophorus tropidophorus Meek---- 

Fig. 20. Right valve. Lower Mercer limestone: Mus¬ 
kingum County, Locality 45. 

Fig. 21. “Squeeze” of right valve of another specimen. 
Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Flint Ridge, 
Locality 47. 


Page 

235 


240 




292 


Figs. 1 to 4. 


Figs. 5 to 8. 


Figs. 9 to 11. 


Fig. 12. 


Figs. 13, 14. 


PLATE XIV 

Astartella varica McChesney_ 

Upper Pottsville (McArthur)?: Hocking County, Carbon 
Hill. 

Fig. 1. • Left valve. 

Fig. 2. Right valve of another specimen. 

McArthur limestone: Vinton County, Elk Township, 
Moore mine, Locality 84. 

Fig. 3. “Squeeze” of right valve showing the radiating 
lines which characterize the middle layer of shell sub¬ 
stance. 

Fig. 4. Dorsal view of a complete specimen. 

Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick__ 

Fig. 5. Left valve of young specimen corresponding to 
typical P. immaturus of Herrick. x2 Lower Mercer 
limestone: Licking County, Flint Ridge, Locality 47. 

Fig. 6. “Squeeze” of external mold of right valve of a 
mature specimen corresponding to P. subcostatus of 
Herrick. McArthur member: Vinton County, Elk 
Township, Moore mine, Locality 84. 

Fig. 7. Right valve of a specimen with the radiating mark¬ 
ings evanesceqt. Lower Mercer limestone: Licking 
County, Flint Ridge, Locality 47. 

Fig. 8. Enlargement of the surface of the external mold 
illustrated in Fig. 6, showing the spinulose surface 
structure. x24 

Pleurophorus spinulosa n.sp_ 

Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Bald Knob, 
Locality 46. 

Fig. 9. “Squeeze” of external mold of left valve of one 
of the two cotypes. 

Fig. 10. “Squeeze” of external mold of right valve of the 
other cotype. 

Fig. 11. Enlargement of the surface of the external mold 
illustrated in Fig. 9, showing the spinulose surface struc¬ 
ture. x24 

Prothyris elegans Meek_ 

Left valve of internal cast. Lower Mercer limestone: 
Licking County, Flint Ridge, Locality 47. 

Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten)___ 

Fig. 13. Small specimen with outer lip missing. Lower 
Mercer limestone: Perry County, Somerset, Locality 
35. x2 Hyde collection 823. 

Fig. 14. Larger specimen with outer lip partly preserved. 
McArthur member: Vinton County, Elk Township, 
Moore mine, Locality 84. 


Page 

243 


236 


239 


195 

251 







PLATE XIV. 





















294 


PLATE XV 


Page 

Figs. 1 to 3. Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall)_ 249 

Figs. 1, 2. Views of two specimens. Upper Pottsville 
(McArthur)?: Hocking County, Carbon Hill. 

Fig. 3. Lower Mercer member: Perry County, Somerset, 
Locality 35. Hyde collection 822. 

Figs. 4, 5. Euphemus carbonarius (Cox)_ 249 

Lower Mercer member: Licking County, Flint Ridge, 
Locality 47. 

Fig. 4. Specimen of average size. 

Fig. 5. Same. x2 

Fig. 6. Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad)_ 248 

Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Flint Ridge, 
Locality 47. 

Figs. 7 to 13. Pleurotomaria ornatiformis n.sp_ 253 

Harrison ore: Jackson County, Hamilton Township, 
Locality 1. 

“Squeezes” made from external molds of several cotypes. 

Fig. 14. Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwood and Pratten_ 252 

Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Flint Ridge, 
Locality 47. 

Fig. 15. Naticopsis altonensis (McChesney)_ 255 

Boggs member: Muskingum County, near Hopewell P. O., 
Locality 26. 

Fig. 16. Naticopsis pulchella n.sp_ 256 

Lower Mercer member: Stark County, near East Green¬ 
ville, Locality 52. The holotype. 

Figs. 17, 18. Naticopsis tortum (Meek)- 257 

McArthur member: Vinton County, Elk Township, 

Moore mine, Locality 84. 

Two views of the same specimen. 

Figs. 19, 20. Schizostoma catilloides (Conrad)_ 255 

McArthur member: Vinton County, Elk Township, 

Moore mine, Locality 84. 

Opposite views of two specimens. 

Fig. 21. Sphaerodoma klipparti (Meek)_ 262 

Lower Mercer member: Perry County, Somerset, Locality 
35. Hyde collection 821. 

Figs. 22 to 24. Sphaerodoma brevis (White)_ 261 

Fig. 22. McArthur member: Vinton County, Elk Town¬ 
ship, Moore mine, Locality 84. 

Fig. 23. Stark County, near East Greenville, Locality 
52. x2 

Fig. 24. Same, natural size. 

Fig. 25. Hemizyga n. sp_ 260 

Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Bald Knob, 
Locality 46. 














PLATE XV. 



22 


23 


t. 



































• / 









296 


Figs. 1, 2. 


Figs. 3, 4. 


Figs. 5, 6. 


Figs. 7, 8. 


Fig. 9. 


PLATE XVI 


Page 


Zygopleura plenum (Herrick)_ 258 

Fig. 1. “Squeeze” of internal cast. Lower Mercer lime¬ 
stone: Muskingum County, near Fairview school, 
Locality 45. 

Fig. 2. Lower volutions of another specimen. McArthur 
limestone: Vinton County, Elk Township, Moore mine, 
Locality 84. xl£ 

Plagioglypta prosseri n. sp_245 

Fig. 3. “Squeeze” of internal cast of a cotype. Lower 
Mercer member: Muskingum County, near Fairview 
school, Locality 45. 

Fig. 4. Another specimen with the shell partly preserved. 

Lower Mercer member: Licking County, Flint Ridge. 

From the collections of Dr. G. H. Girty. 

Orthoceras isogramma Meek_ 266 

Fig. 5. A portion of the shell above the living chamber. 

Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Flint Ridge, 
Locality 49. 

Fig. 6. A fragment of a much larger specimen. Upper 
Mercer member: Coshocton County, Jefferson Town¬ 
ship, Locality 71. 

Metacoceras pottsvillensis n. sp_ 269 

Lower Mercer member: Lawrence County, near Hanging 
Rock, Locality 3. 

Fig. 7. Lateral view. 

Fig. 8. Cross section near body whorl. 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick_ 274 

Lower Mercer limestone: Licking County, Flint Ridge, 
Locality 48. 

Pygidium of typical size. 







PLATE XVI. 

















■ 








































*. ' ,r> 

























































































































































































































- 

* 


. 


















INDEX 


A 

Pages 

Acanthopecten carboniferous (Stevens)..40, 46, 50, 52, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 65, 67, 68, 70, 

72, 74, 76, 77, 80, 84, 88, 99, 106, 112, 113, 115, 
119, 121, 123, 125, 129, 133, 135, 136, 138, 142, 
229 


Allerisma terminate Hall_50, 56, 58, 60, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 70, 72, 74, 76, 

77, 80, 88, 90, 119, 125, 129, 143, 234 

Ambocoelia planoconvexa (Shumard)_119,126,128,140,190 

Ambocoelia planoconvexa (Shumard) var.__31, 36,141,190 

Andrews, E. B., reference to_92 

Anthony coal 


Extent_ 

Fossils from_ 

Locality register_ 

Stratigraphy_ 

Table showing fossils from 
Anthraconeilo bownockeri n. sp. 

Anthraconeilo taffiana Girty_ 

Archaeoddaris spines.__ 

Astarte gibbosa Geinitz_ 

Astartella sp-- 

Astartella compacta Girty_ 

Astartella concentrica (Conrad). 


Astartella newberryi Meek- 

Astartella varica McChesney... 

Astartella vera Hall_ 

Aulacorhynchus millepunctatus 
Avicula acosta Cox_ 


___1_21-22 

_____ 22 

__ 145 

_i_21-22 

_ 139-144 

_____18,20,141,208 

___ 208 

_49, 55, 86, 96,114,132, 135,136,137,139,156 

_ 197 

___33,36, 143,244 

_56, 66, 72,88,119,124,126,129,143, 241 

_31, 36, 40, 46, 51, 56, 60, 66, 67, 70, 72, 74, 76, 

78, 80, 88, 96, 99, 108, 113, 115, 119, 121, 124, 
125, 126, 129, 133, 138, 143, 241 

_56,66, 67,68, 70, 72,74, 76, 78, 88,124,129,143,242 

_56, 58, 61, 65, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 88, 

99, 115, 119, 121, 124, 125, 126, 129, 143, 243 

_ 242 

(Meek and Worthen)-50,87, 140,180 

_ 214 


Aviculopecten coxanus Meek and Worthen — 16, 18, 20, 31, 36, 40, 42, 46, 50, 52, 53, 

55, 58, 61, 65, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 77, 80, 84, 
88, 106, 113, 115, 119, 121, 123, 125, 128, 133, 
135, 136, 138, 142, 226 

Aviculopecten fasciculatus Keyes- 229 

Aviculopecten herzeri Meek-55, 58, 59, 60, 67, 70, 72, 74, 76, 77, 84, 88, 119, 

121, 123, 128, 133, 135, 136, 138, 142, 226 


Aviculopecten pellucidus Meek and Worthen-31,36,142, 227 

Aviculopecten providencesis Cox - 229 

Aviculopecten sorer Herrick-65, 67, 70,72, 88,142, 227 

Aviculopinna americana Meek-40,45, 55, 76,87,142,211 


B 


Bascomella gigantea n. gen. and n. sp. 

Bassler, R. S., reference to- 

Bear Run member 

Extent___ 


118,128,139,157 
_ 157 

_25-28 


( 299 ) 
































300 


INDEX 


Bear Run member—Continued. 


Pages 


Fossils from_ 28 

Locality register_ 145 

Stratigraphy_25-26 

Table showing fossils from_139-144 

Beede, J. W., reference to_ 215 

Bellerophontidae McCoy_ 247 


Bellerophon crassus Meek and Worthen 16, 18, 20, 56, 67, 72, 74, 88, 119, 122, 124, 129, 

143, 247 


Bellerophon marcouanus Geinitz.___ 250 

Black flint member 

Extent_130-137 

Fossils from_137-138 

Locality register_ 150 

Stratigraphy_ 130-131 

Table showing fossils from_139-144 

Boggs member 

Extent___'_37-44 

Fossils from_45-46 

Locality register_ 146 

Stratigraphy__ 37 

Table showing fossils from_139-144 

Bucanopsis meekiana (Swallow)----_56, 66, 68, 72, 74, 76, 88, 119, 124, 129, 143, 250 

Bulimorpha inornata (Meek and Worthen)_56,76, 81, 88,103,115, 124, 129, 144, 260 


c 


Calamites sp.__32, 35,139 

Caneyella vaughani Girty_ 215 

Chainodictyon laxum Foerste___66, 69, 75, 86,139,158 

Chonetes choteauensis Mather_31, 32, 34, 35, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 50, 52, 87, 140,178 

Chonetes mesolobus Norwood and Pratten__41, 45, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 


Class Anthozoa _ 

Class Brachiopoda _ 

Class Bryozoa _ 

Class Cephalopoda _,_ 

Class Chaetopoda _ 

Class Conularida _ 

Class Crinoidea _ 

Class Crustacea _ 

Class Echinoidea _ 

Class Gastropoda _ 

Class Pelecypoda ___ 

Class Pisces _ 

Class Rhizopoda _ 

Class Scaphopoda _ 

Coloceras sp._ 

Columbiana County 

Fossils from___ 

Upper Mercer member in 


64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 

83, 84, 85, 87, 97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 

106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 119, 121, 

122, 123, 124, 126, 128, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 

140, 179 

_154 

- 166 

- 156 

- 266 

- 156 

- 265 

___ 154 

- 272 

-,-:_ 156 

- 246 

- 193 

- 274 

--- 151 

- 245 

-18, 21,119, 126,129,144,269 

- 113 

-112-113, 149 










































INDEX 


301 


Pages 

Composite, sp-40, 42, 43, 45, 112, 115, 119, 122, 128, 141, 193 

Composite subtilita (Hall)-16, 18, 20, 31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 


50, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 
65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 76, 77, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 
90, 96, 97, 98, 101, 102, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 
110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 119, 121, 122, 123, 125. 
126, 128, 133, 135, 136, 138, 141, 192 

Conularia crustula White_ 74, 89, 96, 115, 144, 265 

Conularia newberryi Winchell?_76,89, 144, 266 

Cordaites sp___32,35,139 

Coshocton County 


Fossils from- 78, 107, 108, 109 

Lowellville limestone in_^_ 34 

Lower Mercer member in_78, 147 

McArthur limestone in_ 127 

Upper Mercer member in_107-109,149 

Crania carbonaria Whitfield_ 175 


Crania modesta White and St. John___55, 57, 66, 75, 86, 98, 109, 115, 123, 128,140, 175 


Crenipecten foerstii Herrick_42, 46, 58, 65, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 77, 80, 88, 

110, 115, 125, 129, 142, 230 

Crinoid segments___16, 18, 20, 31, 32, 33, 35, 40, 41, 42, 43, 45, 49, 


51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 75, 77, 78, 
79, 80, 82, 83, 84* 85, 86, 91, 97, 98,99,100, 101, 
102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 
113, 114, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 128, 132, 
133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 155 

Ctenostomata _ 156 

Cypricardinia ? carbonaria Meek_56, 60, 66, 67, 68, 72, 74, 76, 78, 88, 119, 124, 

129, 143, 244 

Cystodictya carbonaria (Meek)___49, 66, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 82, 86, 99, 102, 106, 

107, 111, 114, 139, 165 


D 

Deltopecten occidentalis (Shumard)_42, 46, 59, 65, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 77, 84, 88, 119, 

123, 129, 142, 228 

Deltopecten scalaris (Herrick)_40, 46, 50, 55, 72, 74, 84, 88, 99, 106, 115, 119, 

123, 129, 133, 136, 138, 142, 228 

Dentalium cinctum de Koninck--- 267 

Derbya crassa (Meek and Hayden)-31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 40, 41, 43, 45, 50, 51, 52, 53, 

55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71, 

v 73, 75, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 90, 96, 

97, 98, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 

108, 110, 111, 113, 115, 119, 121, 122, 123, 124, 
126, 128, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 140, 176 

Derbya robusta (Hall)-50, 71, 87, 140,177 

Dielasma bovidens Morton?-73, 87, 140, 185 


E 

_ _55,67,73,87,141,196 

_. _55,65,67,69, 71, 74, 87,123,128, 141,197 
_67, 74, 77, 87,123,125,128,141,197 


Edmondia anodontoides (Meek)? 
Edmondia aspinwallensis Meek_ 
Edmondia gibbosa (McCoy)- 

























302 


INDEX 


Pages 

Edmondia meekiana (Herrick)?_67, 71, 74, 76, 87, 123, 128, 141,198 

Edmondia ovata Meek and Worthen_55,69,71,74, 77, 87,98,115,123,128,141,199 

Edmondia ? peroblonga Meek and Worthen?_40,45, 141, 200 

Edmondia reflexa Meek____67, 74, 87,119,123,128,141,199 

Edmondia sp_____31, 36,40, 42,45,141 200 

Edmondia subirunGata Meek__ 199 

Endolobus ( Temnocheilusl ) ortoni (Whitfield)-63, 64, 89,144, 270 

Entolium attenuatum Herrick_67,70, 72,74, 76, 77,78, 84, 88, 123,129, 142, 232 

Entolium aviculatus (Swallow)_50, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 

76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 84, 88, 106, 115, 119, 121, 122, 
123, 125, 126, 129, 133, 138, 142, 232 


Ephippioceras divisus (White and St. John)_272 

Ephippioceras ferratus (Cox)_ 272 

Ephippioceras sp_63,89,144,272 

Estheria __20, 21,144 


Euchondria neglecta (Geinitz)_31, 36, 56, 60, 65, 67, 70, 72, 74, 76, 77, 88, 98, 

115, 133, 138, 142, 231 


Eupachycrinus mooresi (Whitfield)_41, 45, 55,75, 86,139,154 

Euphemus carbonarius (Cox)_16, 18, 20, 40, 46, 50, 56, 58, 68, 70, 74, 76, 78, 

88,90,122,124,129,143,249 

Euphemus nodocarinatus (Hall)_56, 58, 60, 65, 68, 70, 72, 74, 78, 80, 88, 124, 129, 

143, 249 


F 


Fenestella delicatula Ulrich__136,137,139,159 

Fenestella limbata Foerste___55, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 86, 98, 

101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 114, 139, 159 

Fenestella remota^ Foerste_69, 73,86,132,137,139,160 

Fenestella shumardi Prout?_32, 35, 41, 42, 43, 45, 49, 57, 59, 62, 64, 65, 73, 

83, 86, 98, 110, 114, 121, 123, 126, 128, 132, 133, 
135,136,137,139,160 

Fenestella several species_31,35, 52,86,105,114,139,161 

Fenestella undetermined_49, 86 

Fenestella venusta Mather?_132,135,136,137,139,. 161 

Fenestellidae undetermined_55, 86, 98, 107, 114, 123, 126, 128, 132, 133, 135, 

136, 137, 139, 159 

Fish plates-28,38,46,144 

Fish remains_ 274 

Fish teeth----18,33,36,38,46,144 

Foraminifera_ 151 

Fusulina secalica (Say)-62, 64, 65, 68, 69, 75, 86, 94, 98, 99, 100, 101, 

102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 
114,133,134,137,139,153 


G 


Gastropoda- -----91,143,246 

Girty, G. H., reference to---.---173,185,207,243 

Girtyina ventricosa (Meek and Hayden) 98, 99, 100,101, 102,103,104,105, 114, 139,153 
Glossina waverlyensis (Herrick)_66,77, 86,140,169 




































INDEX 


303 


H 


Hall and Clarke, reference to__. 
Harrison ore 

Economic value_ 

• Extent of_ 

Fossils from_ 

Locality register_ 

Stratigraphy_ 

Table showing fossils from 

Hemizyga sp. undescribed_ 

Herrick, C. L., reference to_ 

Hocking County 

Fossils from_ a_ 

Lower Mercer member in_ 

McArthur member_ 

Holmes County 

Fossils from_._ 

Lower Mercer member in. 
• Upper Mercer member in_ 

Hustedia mormoni (Marcou)_ 

Hyde, Eber, reference to_ 


Pages 

__ 173 

_ 15 

__14,15-17 

_ 16 

_ 145 

___ 14 

_139-144 

__72,88,144,260 

185,196,212,213,226,240 

...... 126 

_53-54 

_125-126,150 

_79,110 

_79,147 

_109-110,149 

_16,141,192 

_54,98,147,148 


Jackson County 

Bear Run member in_ 

Black Flint member_ 

Boggs limestone in- 

Fossils from_ 

Harrison ore in_ 

Lower Mercer limestone in. 

Lower Mercer ore in_ 

McArthur limestone in_ 

Quakertown member in— 

Sand Block ore in- 

Sharon ore in- 

Upper Mercer ore in- 


J 


.....26-27,145 

__131-134,150 

_ 38 

16, 19, 20, 51, 52, 53, 90, 91, 118, 119, 121, 132, 
133, 134 

__15-16,145 

__ 50-53,146 

____90, 148 

_118-121,149,150 

___24-25,145 

.....91, 148 

___19-20,145 

_ 97 


L 


Lamb, G. F., reference to---28, 29, 49,93,94 

Lawrence County 

Lower Mercer member in------49,146 

McArthur limestone in---- - -117-118 

Quakertown coal in--- 24 

Leda arata (Hall)---- 207 

Leda bellistriata Stevens-31, 36, 40, 45, 55, 59, 65, 67, 69, 71, /4, 76, 87, 

119, 123, 128, 141, 204 

Leda inflata Girty mss---18, 20,141, 205 

Leda meekana Mark_— 59,67, 70,71, 76, 87,123,128,141, 206 

Leda prolongata n. sp._40,45, 55, 70, 87,141, 206 

Lepidodendron sp. ..._____37,45,136,137,139 









































304 


INDEX 


Pages 


Licking County 

Boggs limestone in_ 44 

Fossils from___72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78 

Lower Mercer member in_70-78,147 

Lima retifera Shumard_50, 56, 58, 60, 66, 67, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 77, 88, 

122, 125, 129, 142 

Lindstroemella aspidium Hall and Clarke- 173 

Lingula carbonaria Shumard_20, 22, 25, 33, 35, 38, 45, 69, 73, 77, 86, 97, 105, 

114,120, 128,140,166 


Lingula kanawhensis Price_-_55, 86,140, 167 

Lingula scotica Meek_ 169 

Lingula scotica var. Herrick_ 169 

Lingula scotica var. nebraskensis Meek_ 170 

Lingula sp._22,140,168 

Lingula tighti Herrick_ 168 

Lingula umbonata Cox_ 167 

Lingulipora nebraskensis (Meek)_ 170 

Little Red Block ore (See Lower Mercer) 

Logan formation_ 9 # 

Lophophyllum profundum (Milne-Edwards and Haime)—55, 57, 60, 62, 64, 66, 69, 71, 

73, 77, 79, 86, 98, 108, 111, 113, 114, 121, 123, 
128, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 139, 154 


Lowellville (Poverty Run) limestone 

Extent_ 

Fossils from_ 

Locality register_ 

Stratigraphy_ 

Table showing fossils from_ 

Lower Mercer limestone 

Extent_ 

Fossils from_ 

History of_ 

Locality register_ 

Stratigraphy_ 

Table showing fossils from_ 

Lower Mercer ore 

Extent_ 

Fossils from_ 

Locality register_ 

Stratigraphy_:_ 

Table showing fossils from_ 


_.28-35 
-.35, 36 
__ 146 
..28-29 
139-140 


__47-85 
-.86-89 
46 

-. 146 

__47-49 
139-144 

89-90 
90 
148 
-. 89 

139-144 


M 

McArthur member 

Extent_ 

Fossils from_ 

Locality register_ 

Stratigraphy_ 

Table showing fossils from_ 

Mahoning County 

Fossils from_ 

Lowellville limestone in_ 

Lower Mercer member in_ 


_116-127 

_-.128-129 

_ 149 

__116,117 

_139-144 

35, 82, 83,84,85, 111, 112 

_29,34-35,146 

_81-85,148 











































INDEX 


305 


Mahoning County—Continued. Pages 

Sharon ore in_ 20 

Upper Mercer member in_111-112,149 

Marginifera muricata var. missouriensis Girty_20, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 51, 52, 53, 55, 

56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 71, 73, 

76, 77, 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 87, 98, 103, 105, 106, 

108, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 119, 122, 123, 124, 
128,132,133,135,136, 137,140,184 

Marginifera icabashensis (Norwood and Pratten)—32, 35, 36, 41, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 

55, 56, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 

71, 73, 76, 77, 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 96, 97, ' 

98, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 

109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 119, 121, 122, 123, 
124, 128, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 140, 184 

Marginifera ivabashensis var. Girty- 

Mark, C. G., reference to---70,169,185,235,243 

Mather, K. F., reference to- ^ 

Maxville limestone_9,10,14 

Meek, F. B., reference to_210, 211,234, 238, 243, 250, 269 

Meek and Worthen, reference to-219,237,258 

270 

Metacoceras cornutum Girty_ 

Metacoceras dubium Hyatt- 

Metacoceras pottsvillensis n. sp.---49, 89, 144, 2 9 

Metacoceras s p-----126,129,144 270 

Mississippian-Pennsylvanian unconformity- 

Muskingum County 

Boggs limestone in- ’ 

Fossils from .. _31, 32, 33, 34, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 57, 58, 59, 60, 

61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 99, 100, 101, 
102,103,104, 105,106,107 

„ - ....16-17 

Harrison ore in- 

Lowellville limestone in-’ 147 

Lower Mercer limestone in- ’ 

McArthur limestone in-i, rt 

Upper Mercer member in-^ ~ ’ ’ ^g 

Myalina cuneiformis Gurley- ^^g 

Myalina kansasensis Shumard-- - - - V ~~~~ 11ft 

Myalina pernaformis Cox-40,42,43,45,55,70,71, 87,103, , > ’ 

J 121, 122, 123, 128, 133, 135, 136, 138, 142, 217 

7 16 142 218 

Myalina pernaformis Cox var-"" * U <J 219 

Myalina recurvirostris var. sinuosa n. var-"'V-'Vi’n 101 ioo ’ioq 

Myalina swallovi McChesney-55, 58, 67, 71, 74, 76, 79, 87, 119, 121, 123, 128, 

133,135,136,138,142,219 

N 

222 

Naiadites carbonaria Dawson-o-r oo V 7 a* Va.o 990 

Naiadiles elongata Dawson-19,20,24,25,26,27,28,37,45,142,220 

Naiadites ohioense n. sp- *22* 142* 222 

(McChMney7-VAV,V--.-/.V.V----40,"46,"M,72,84^88* 143, 
Katicopsis nanus (Meek and Worthen).64, 68, 70, 80, 88, 112, 115, 122, 125, 126, 129, 

144, 256 

, , „ .80, 88,144, 256 

Naticopsis pulchella n. sp.- 


































306 


INDEX 


Pages 


Naticopsis splendens _ 

Naticopsis tortum (Meek)_ 

Naticopsis ventricosus (Norwood and Pratten) 

Newberry, J. S., reference to_ 

Nodosaria sp—_ 

Nucula beyrichi von Shauroth_ 

Nucula elongata n. sp.____ 

Nucula levatiformis var. obliqua Girty_ 

Nucula lunulata Girty mss--- 

Nucula parva McChesney_ 

Nucula pulchella _ 

Nucula shumardana Hall_ 

Nucula subrotundata Girty mss._ 

Nucula wewokana Girty_ 

Nuculopsis ventricosa (Hall)_16, 


_ 257 

__124,129,144,257 

__63,88,144, 258 

__20, 23,24, 29,34,92 

_103,109,114,139,152 

_16,71,87,141,200 

_18,20,71,87,141,201 

_ 202 

_18,20,141,202 

_55,67,69, 74, 77,87,123,128,141, 202 

___,_ 202 

__ 202 

___16,18,20,141,203 

_ 202 

18,20,55,58,67,76, 87,123,128,141, 204 


o 


Orbiculoidea capuliformis (McChesney)_16, 20, 40,45,140, 170 

Orbiculoidea convexa (Shumard)___ 172 

Orbiculoidea meekana (Whitfield)_49, 55, 59, 60, 61, 65, 66, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 

80, 86, 98, 114, 118, 121, 123, 126, 128, 134, 135, 
136, 137, 140, 171 

Orbiculoidea missouriensis (Shumard) _31, 33, 35, 41, 45, 71, 77, 86, 113, 115, 123, 128, 

140, 172 


Orbiculoidea munda (Miller and Gurley) 

Orbiculoidea planidisca Raymond_ 

Orbiculoidea stoutella n. sp._ 

Orbiculoidea sp._ 

Orthoceras colletti Miller_ 

Orthoceras cribrosum Geinitz_ 

Orthoceras fanslerensis Keyes_ 

Orthoceras isogramma Meek_ 

Orthoceras n. sp.__ 

Orthoceras sp.__ 

Orton, Edward, reference to_ 


__ 174 

__ 174 

_16,19,20,140,173 

_91, 140, 174 

_ 268 

.. 269 

_ 268 

.56, 74, 78, 89,109,115,144, 266 
.. _ 18, 21, 33, 36, 82, 89, 144, 268 

_64,89,144 

_36,44,47,92,93 


Parallelodon carbonarius (Cox)_40, 45, 55, 63, 67, 68, 70, 71, 74, 76, 77, 80, 87, 

106, 115, 119, 121, 122, 123, 125, 128, 141, 209 

Parallelodon obsoletus (Meek)_31, 36. 55, 67, 71, 74, 79, 80, 87, 119, 125, 128, 

141, 209 

Parallelodon sangamonensis (Worthen) 35, 36, 55, 67, 71, 74, 76, 87, 90, 106, 115, 119, 

123, 128, 141, 210 

Parallelodon tenuistriatus (Meek and Worthen) __ 16, 42, 45, 55, 58, 65, 67, 68, 70, 71, 

74, 76, 77, 80, 87, 98, 106, 108, 113, 115, 119, 
121, 122, 123, 125, 126, 128, 136, 138, 142, 210 
Patellostium montfortianum (Norwood and Pratten)__56, 63, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 

88, 124, 126, 129, 133, 138, 143, 251 


Pelecypoda ---*_91,141, 193 

Pennsylvanian rocks_ 8 





































INDEX 


307 


Perry County Pages 

Fossils from_55-56,97, 98,99 

Lower Mercer member in-54-56,147 

McArthur limestone_126-127 

Upper Mercer member_97-99,148 

Phanerotrema gi'ayvillense (Norwood and Pratten)-56,80,88,119,124,129,143,254 

Pharkidonotus percarinatus (Conrad)..50, 56, 58, 63, 64, 66 , 68 , 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 

88 , 119, 121, 122, 124, 125, 126, 129, 143, 248 
Pharkidonotus percarinatus var. tricarinatus (Shumard) _ .56, 60, 66 , 88,124,129,143, 248 

• <VTO 

Phillipsia major Shumard- * 4 ° 

Phillipsia missouriensis Shumard- %73 

Phillipsia sa 7 igamonensis Meek and Worthen-56, 68 , 72, 75,78, 89,144,272 

Phillipsia trinucleata Herrick-18, 20, 21, 65, 68 , 70, 72, 75, 76, 78, 

133, 135, 138, 144, 274 

Phylum Arthropoda _ 

Phylum Coelenterata --- 

Phylum Echinodermata -.-- 

Phylum Mollusca - 

Phylum Molluscoidea --- 

Phylum Protozoa - 

Phylum Vermes ---- 

Phylum Vertebrata ---.-.-. ----- lg2 

Pmnatopora -- J ’ . 0 

Pinnatopora whitii Foerste-- 62 > 66 - 69 ’ 73 > 75 > 86 ’ 139 ’ 'f 

Placunopsis carbonaria Meek and Worthen- cc'-mq on 

Placunopsis recticardinalis Meek- * ’ ’ 

Plagioglypta canna (White)..-A7~an si 143 245 

Plagioqlypta meekiana (Geinitz).---- ’ ’ ’ ’ 

Plagioglypta prosseri n. sp.-.56. 79 ,72,88,119,124,129,143,245 

pZXr:Za 

Pleurophorella geinitzi (Meek)..---- “ “ “ ’ ’ ’ g 143 ’ 235 

Pleurophorella sesquiplicata Price.- V V7 ~VcC 77 is 11Q 121 

Pleurophorus immaturus Herrick-56, 63, 66 , 67, 70, 72 74, 76,.77, &, 

122, 123, 125, 129, 133, 138, 143, 236 

Pleurophorus oblongm Meek....—18,20,67,76,78,88,119,123,129,143,238 

Pleurophorus occidentals Meek and Hayden---72 88 143,239 

Pleurophorus spinulosa n. sp.- ’ ’ 237 

Pleurophorus subcostatus Meek and Worthen-- - ------- - - - - ' " “ " ~ '" o 0 oo 

Pleurophorus tropics Meek. - -31,36, 56, 58, 67, 68 ,™, 72, U, 76, 7 ^ 


106, 115. 

272 
154 
154 
193 
156 
151 
156 
274 


143, 240 


74, 


... 251 
143,251 


Pleurotomariidae d'Orbigny - v - 

Pleurotomaria broadheadi White-^ ioa 19Q 148 252 

Pleurotomaria carbonaria Norwood and Pratten-50, 74, 80, 88,126,^129, 14^, b^ 

Pleurotomaria coxanus Meek and Worthen- ’ ’ ’ 253 

Pleurotomaria gurleyi Meek and Worthen- 255 

Pleurotomaria iUinoisensis Worthen-SS.ra.'sO.'sS," 124," 129,743,253 

Pleurotomaria newportensis White--- u; 18 2 0,68,88,143,253 

Pleurotomaria omatiformis n. sp .-.io'^goV, 115,119,129,143,254 

Pleurotomaria sp.- ’ 16 18,20 

Pleurotomaria undetermined-- -" 
















































308 


INDEX 


Pages 

Polypora fastuosa Foerste_55, 66 , 69, 71, 73, 76, 77, 86,126,128,139, 161 

Polypora sp-64, 65, 86,139, 161 

Portage County 

Lower Mercer limestone in_ 81 

Posidonia acosta (Cox)_67, 68 , 87,135,138,142, 213 

Posidonia girtyi n. sp-32, 36, 53, 87, 142, 214 

Posidonia sp-60, 65, 74, 76, 87,142, 217 

Posidonia vintonensis n. sp___53, 87,142, 216 

Posidonomya beecheri Bronn_ 215 

Posidonomya pertenuis Beede___ 215 

Pottsville formation 

Coals of_ 10 

Economic value of_ 11 

Limestones of_ 10 

Origin of_._ 11 

Outcrop of in Ohio_ 8 

Rocks of_ 10 

Section of___ 12 , 13 

Thickness of_ 10 

Unconformity at base of_ 9 

Poverty Run limestone (See Lowellville) 

Price, W. A., reference to_176, 261, 266 

Prismopora sereata (Meek)-55, 62, 66 , 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 86 , 98, 104* 105, 106, 

108,114,126,128,132,133,135, 136, 137, 139, 165 

Produdus cora d'Orbigny -31, 32, 34, 35 , 40, 41, 42, 43 , 45 , 50, 51, 52, 53 , 

55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 62, 64, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 76, 

77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 90, 97, 98, 101, 

102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 115, 121, 
123, 126, 128, 132, 133, 136, 137, 140, 180 

Produdus longispinus Sowerby_ 185 

Produdus morrowensis Mather_ 182 

Produdus semireticulatus (Martin)-32, 34, 35, 40, 41, 42, 43 , 45, 51, 52, 53, 55 , 58, 

59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68 , 69, 71, 73, 77, 

78, 80, 82, $3, 84, 85, 87, 96, 97, 99, 100, 102, 

103, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 
115, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 128, 132, 133, 134, 

135, 136, 137, 140, 181 

Produdus semireticulatus (Martin) var.40,41,43,45,50,55,87,97,98,101,104,115,140,181 

Prothyris elegans Meek-73, g 7 ,110, 115,141, 195 

Pseudomonotis radialis Phillips_ 213 

Pseudomonotis sp- 55 , 57 ^ g7,142, 212 

Pseudorthoceras knoxense (McChesney).31, 33, 34, 35 , 36, 41, 43 , 46, 52, 53 , 56, 60, 63, 

68 , 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 81, 89, 119, 121, 122, 124, 
125, 126, 129, 144, 268 

Pteria longa (Geinitz)_ 212 

Pteria ohioense (Herrick)___-50, 55, 67, 70, 71, 74 , 76, 87, 119, 128, 133, 135, 

138, 142, 212 

Pustula nebraskensis (Owen)-31, 35, 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 50, 51, 52, 53, 55 , 57 , 

58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68 , 69, 71, 73* 
76, 77, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 97, 98, 101, 103, 

104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 
115, 119, 121, 122, 123, 126, 128, 132, 133, 135, 

136, 137, 140, 182 































INDEX 


309 


Pustula pertenuis (Meek)_ 

Pustula punctatus (Martin)_ 

Pustula symmetricus (McChesney) 


Pages 

_20, 65, 71, 87, 119,128,140, 182 

31, 35, 41, 43, 45, 59, 62, 69, 71, 76, 77, 78, 87, 
104, 115, 140, 183 

_55, 87, 110, 115, 140, 183 


Q 

Quakertown or No. 2 coal 

Extent_23-25 

Fossils from_ 25 

Locality register_*- 145 

Stratigraphy- 23 

Table showing fossils from_139-144 


R 


Read, M. C., reference to- 92 

Rhipidomella pecosi (Marcou)-31, 35, 49, 64, 66, 71, 77, 80, 86, 119, 128, 132. 

135, 137, 140, 175 

Rhonibopora lepidodendroidea Meek-41, 43, 45, 51, 52, 53, 55, 57, 60, 62, 64, 65, 66, 

68, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 78, 86, 98, 105, 106, 107, 
108, 109, 114, 121, 123, 126, 128, 133, 137, 139, 
163 

Rhombopora midtipora Foerste---66, 69,77, 86,139,164 

Rogers, H. D., reference to- 92 


S 


Sand Block ore 

Extent_ 90 > 91 

Fossils from--- 9 * 

Locality register--- 

Stratigraphy ------- 

Table showing fossils from-- Ac}y 

Schizodus affinis Herrick-16, 40, 43, 45, 67, 70, 71, 74, 76, 87, 119, 122, 

123,128,142, 223 

Schizodus amplus Meek and Worthen-40, 44, 45, 142, 222 

Schizodus cuneatus Meek-55, 72, 74, 87, 142,223 

Schizodus curtus Meek and Worthen —40, 42, 45, 60, 67, 72, 74, 76, 77, 87, 119, 122, 

123, 125, 128, 133, 138, 142, 224 

Schizodus mooresi Miller._55, 62, 88,123,125,128,142, 224 

Schizodus spellmani Herrick-_ 

Schizodus subcircularis Herrick- 16 > 119 > 12 ^ 12 ^’ 128,142, 225 

Schizodus wheeleri Swallow_40, 46, 50, 55, 64, 65, 67, 72, 74, 77, 88, 108, 115, 

119, 128, 136, 138, 142, 225 

Schizophoria altirostris (Mather)-75, 86,140, 176 

Schizophoria resupinoides (Cox)-- 140 176 

20, 31 36, 40 46 50 53, ^>63 68 70, 
72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 88, 121, 122, 124, 125, 129, 
133,135,138,143,255 


Scioto County 

Anthony coal and shale in- 

Bear Run coal, ore, and shale in. 


21-22,145 
_26,145 
































310 


INDEX 


Scioto County—Continued. Pages 

Boggs limestone in_37, 146 

Fossils from__18, 22, 37, 38, 49-50, 96 

Harrison ore in_ 15 

Lower Mercer member in__49-50, 146 

McArthur member in____117-118,149 

Quakertown coal in_ 24 

Sand Block ore in_ 91 

Sharon ore in___._-17-19, 145 

Upper Mercer member in_96,148 

Septopora biserialis (Swallow)_42, 45, 49, 52, 55, 57, 61, 62, 64, 66, 69, 73, 75, 

77, 86, 96, 98, 105, 108, 114, 132, 133, 136, 137, 
139, 162 

Septopora biserialis var. gracilis (Meek)_49, 64, 66, 69, 71, 75, 77, 82, 86, 105, 107, 108, 

114,135,137,139,163 

Sharon ore 

Extent. __17-21 

Fossils from_18, 20, 21 

Locality register_ 145 

Stratigraphy_ 17 

Table showing fossils from____•_139-144 

Solenomorpha lambomi n. sp.__18, 20, 141,195 

Solenomorpha solenoides (Geinitz)_ 195 

Solenomya?? anodontoides Meek_ 196 

Solenomya? meekiana Herrick_ 198 

Solenomya radiata Meek and Worthen___67, 69, 71,73,76,87,141,193 

Solenomya?? sharonensis n. sp._18,20, 141, 194 

Sphaerodoma brevis (White)_56,81, 89,110.115,124,129,144,261 

Sphaerodoma fusiformis (Hall)?_26, 70, 89,124,129,144,261 

Sphaerodoma humilis (Keyes)?_16,144, 262 

Sphaerodoma klipparti (Meek)_56, 68, 72, 74, 89, 124, 129, 144, 262 

Sphaerodoma newberryi (Stevens)_56, 89,122,124,129, 144, 263 

Sphaerodoma primigenia (Conrad)_18, 20, 56, 89, 124.129, 144, 263 

Sphaerodoma ? primigenia var. intermedia Price_ 261 

Sphaerodoma regularis (Cox)_56, 72, 81, 89.144, 264 

Sphaerodoma sp.__106,115, 144 

Sphaerodoma ventricosa (Hall)_63, 89,110,115,144,264 

Spirifer boonensis Swallow?_40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 50, 51, 55, 61, 64, 71, 83, 85, 

87, 96, 98, 101, 110, 111, 115,119, 128, 133, 136, 
138, 140, 186 

Spirifer cameratus Morton-52, 55, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 67, 69, 71, 73, 76, 77, 

80, 82, 85, 87, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 107, 111, 
113, 115, 126, 128, 136, 138, 140! 188 

Spirifer opimus Hall-31, 32, 34, 35, 36, 52, 53, 55, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 

65, 67, 68, 69, 71, 73, 76, 77, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 
87, 90, 96, 97, 98, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, 107, 
108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 115, 119, 121, 122, 
123, 125, 126/ 128, 133, 135, 136, 138, 140, 188 
Spirifer rockymontanus Marcou_ 189 


Spiriferina kentuckyensis (Shumard). 


.16, 18, 20, 31, 32, 33, 35, 36, 40, 41, 43, 45, 50, 
53, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 69, 
71, 73, 76, 77, 80, 82, 87, 90, 96, 98, 101, 102, 
104, 105, 107, 108, 111, 112, 115, 119, 121, 122, 
123, 124, 126, 128, 133, 135, 136, 137, 140, 186 





































INDEX 


311 


Pages 

Spirorbis sp-135,136,137,139,156 

Squamularia perplexa (McChesney)_44, 45, 51, 52, 55, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 67, 69, 

71, 73, 76, 77, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 87, 96, 98, 99, 


102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 
113, 115, 122, 126, 128, 133, 135, 136, 138, 141, 
191 

Stark County 

Fossils from___79,80,81,110 

Lower Mercer member in___79-81,148 

Upper Mercer member in----110, 149 

Stout, W., reference to_J_.15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, 

34, 36, 37, 38, 30, 43, 48, 51, 66, 89, 90, 93, 94, 
95, 96, 116, 118, 120, 121, 130, 131, 134 

Streblotrypa major Ulrich_ 164 

Streblotrypa merceri n. sp. _!_71, 86, 139,164 

Summit County 


Lower Mercer limestone in- 

Quakertown coal and shale in__ 


T 

Tabulipora ohioensis (Foerste)- 

Temnocheilus forbesianus (McChesney)- 

Textularia gibbosa d’Orbigny-- 

Textularia eximia d’Eichwald- 

Textularia sp- 

Trachydomia sp- 

Trepospira depressa (Cox)- 

Trumbull County 

Sharon ore in- 

Tuscarawas County 

Boggs limestone in- 

Lower Mercer limestone in- 


.40, 45, 55,69, 73; 86,139,158 

_.41,46, 144,271 

_ 152 

_ 152 

.103,106, 109, 114, 139, 152 

_60, 88, 136, 138,144, 258 

_60, 68,88,143,254 

__ 20 


44 

78 


u 


Ulrich, E. O., reference to- 

Upper Mercer member 

Extent_ 

Fossils from_ 

History of- 

Locality register- 

Origin_ 

Stratigraphy- 

Table showing fossils from 


_ 157 

92,96-113 
..114,115 

_ 92 

_ 148 

_ 95 

_93-95 

...139-144 



Vinton County 

Bear Run coal, ore, and shale in. 

Boggs limestone in- 

Black Flint member in- 

Fossils from- 

Lower Mercer limestone in- 


.. .27-28,145 

’_38,146 

_134-137,150 

38, 53,122,123, 124, 125,134,135, 136 
_53,146 


































312 


INDEX 


Vinton County—Continued. Pages 

McArthur member in_121-125,150 

Upper Mercer member in_97, 148 


w 

Wayne County 

Lower Mercer limestone in_ 79 

White, I. C., reference to_ 92 

Whitfield, R. P., reference to_ 154 


Y 


Yoldia glabra Beede and Rogers?_119, 123,128,141, 207 

Yoldia stevensoni Meek_67, 70,71, 74, 76, 87,141, 208 


z 

Zeacrinus mucrospinus McChesney_ 155 

Zygopleura plenum (Herrick)_56, 70, 88, 124,129, 144, 258 

Zygopleura plicata (Whitfield)___56, 74, 88,144, 259 




















































. 












■ 

























































































































































































































































































































































♦ v % 

. © o x r *^wa . A * 

^ ^ ^ ^ 

"”'V ,..,V^-T^'V',.. r V»~**V ..., 

A ** * & r <Y* Or lAS^gr A. ° 'Kc c 

<* ^ . m&m ° •%■ «,* 

- - - V 7 -v Z 

> 've* * 

sa ... %/»•<■ 



L ~ Z * /L/ \* <0 c* ^ * o 

*..->*' A° s .., °-i- *o N o’ x # 

* 9 V o. V ** * 

<* *P> - * 

: ^^ * 

- ^ 




0 ® V 



■* * < v< x 
O. • / o,x' i ,6' 

f 0 * c° Nc * 

Vj * 



<*> 

^ *> v 

-fc f<' ^ ^ v 

n N C ^ s A 

0 N C * 

' ^ 

++ Y ? 

S . 0 °x. t. 

' , 0 ° °o % , 

0 V s S * * , , ^ ° N 

A - S. 
























^ N v 


V' * ' * S 

* rfCv fa n ^ ^ * 



</> S^ * 

<f> <1 V « 


$%. ' 


* Or 



~ > A g^ t> ^ \k' ✓ ^jc (jy*** ^ ' xt k 

' £ .V 1 . , %■ '• • ^ J> 0 « , <.. *< .. V' <N .,,,, % 

*-*,a7fr^. o & S 'ff&Kl* + p A !_*«-•» °o 


v- V 


^ IV**| ^ 



^ / •% ' 

■’*./... V k »TTv.'V 

\ > .A 0 ' v' 




O ^ 

^ 0 s u V 

'•• '* ^c- V N *» •« 

' - r 

V - 


• A A 

* Y> vr. 

/* «j^ »/V'^'S < \* 11 ■ 




W 


< « / a’ 

* A’ K 




s* y K « 

' ^ ° 

& „ NO <- * / .'. s 

A° v *, °o o 0 ' . C !JL 

*** V° » + **o $ 

a a 

* *C 



® vV V 




* 

vV' * -., 'V * •' v • >°\* • '*%*' *»,V^*> d \* • • * 

kTk . S X P. . V 






\ ® % ^ * 

- .^'V = 

* t -?T'i' A *a * 

% A 1 ^ ,' l "'> - ■’O. 

v (A V 

» ^ A ,>. Y 

O o' 

» 

✓ 

✓» 

c* * 


AN 

^ V 6 

* 



' + A” ^ 

^ <A * 

° *>> V C, 

A. </> Z 

*> ^ o 

o^‘-JL e ^V'*-'^-'-;X'* , ‘ 

r V- V? s. 




4 >■ \V) c >. _ ^ inwcv ^ - ^ 

<T> / r^ , /V/V/y/)jy -Y A ^ II^VsN^s. "C 

a. . / LYNNS' ^ V ^ ^ ^zyjPJF v ✓ > v > 

' .o° ^ %."'\,>* **• ^ *rr-a °- ' *'" * *• 

K* S ^ 7 0 S 0 \> . . ® _ H 

jkO’ v ' V> " 0 ^ a > A 0 V ^ 





L ® ^ 

^ . \ 


n ,^ y Zp o 
s' A ^ * 

4 ^ ^ \\ t i a 

'-<5 -4P <. * * 

P V v ,~->o -f O 

'r’> v» a. C. 

X 0o x * 


. 0 .-° (•■'/■i 

0° “ 



A*» V 

'Kp A * ‘ 
V V 

'^f' o 

• ^ 

s % A 

^ * 
O 


„ \ » « « 

V -/ ^C> 

^ ♦ 

Jtffyvys^ + 



^ ' 

.* ^ % A ' 
V X v <, °/. r > 

■v nJ < > Ai "> 


.o^ '*• 

✓* 

, s * A 

» x 0 c 


• 00 - 
® ^5 ^ 

o^’ A" '*% * 0 N ° ’ v''’ ."’'' % ’ ' " 0 ^° A' 

" ^ ' .’■aW**- *. A V 



<P~ <\> 



